Soft Matter : Complex Colloidal Suspensions / / Gerhard Gompper, Michael Schick, editors

• Pubblicazione: Weinheim ; ; Chichester : , : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., , 2005
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (312 pages)
• Disciplina: 530.413
• Soggetto topico: Soft condensed matter
• Persona (resp. second.): GompperGerhard; SchickMichael
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Preface -- List of Contributors -- 1 Entropic Attraction and Ordering -- Randall D. Kamien -- 1.1 Introduction: Entropy as an Organizing Principle -- 1.2 Hard Spheres -- 1.2.1 The Virial Expansion -- 1.2.2 The Depletion Interaction -- 1.2.3 Crowding and Folding -- 1.3 Liquid Crystals -- 1.3.1 Nematic Phases -- 1.3.2 Smectic Phases and Beyond -- 1.4 Crystals -- 1.4.1 Hard Spheres: Free-Volume Theory -- 1.4.2 Areas Versus Volumes -- 1.4.3 Block Copolymers -- 1.5 Summary -- References -- 2 Phase Transitions in Two-Dimensional Colloidal Systems -- Hans-Hennig von Greenberg, Peter Keim, and Georg Maret -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Theoretical Background -- 2.2.1 Dislocations and Disclinations in Two-Dimensional Crystals -- 2.2.2 Elastic Constants in Two-Dimensional Systems -- 2.2.3 Defects and Energies -- 2.2.4 Melting in Two Stages -- 2.2.5 The Halperin Nelson Recursion Relations -- 2.2.6 Correlation Functions -- 2.2.6.1 The Translational Order -- 2.2.6.2 The Orientational Order -- 2.3 Experiments in Two Dimensions -- 2.3.1 Systems Not Involving Colloids -- 2.3.2 Colloidal Systems with Screened Coulomb Interaction -- 2.3.3 Colloidal Systems with Hard-Core Repulsion -- 2.3.4 Colloidal Systems with Dipole Interaction -- 2.4 Colloidal Experiments and the KTHNY Theory -- 2.4.1 Direct Imaging of Defect Structures -- 2.4.2 Correlations: Translational and Orientational Order -- 2.4.2.1 Structure Factor -- 2.4.2.2 Pair Correlation Functions -- 2.4.3 Elasticity: Macroscopic Criteria of KTHNY Melting -- 2.4.3.1 Young's Modulus -- 2.4.3.2 Frank's Constant -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Colloids on Patterned Substrates -- Clemens Bechinger and Erwin Frey -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Order and Broken Symmetries in Two Dimensions -- 3.2.1 Discrete Symmetries -- 3.2.1.1 LenzIsing Model -- 3.2.1.2 Potts Model -- 3.2.2 Continuous Symmetries -- 3.2.2.1 2D XY Model -- 3.2.2.2 Melting of 2D Solids -- 3.3 Substrate Potentials with One-Dimensional Periodicity -- 3.3.1 Commensurability and Reciprocal Lattice -- 3.3.2 Symmetry-Allowed Phases and Their Description -- 3.3.2.1 Solid Phases -- 3.3.2.2 Smectic Phases -- 3.3.2.3 Modulated Liquid (ML) -- 3.3.3 Phase Diagrams and Phase Transitions -- 3.3.3.1 Roughening Transitions -- 3.3.3.2 Dislocation Unbinding Transitions -- 3.3.4 Creation of Substrate Potentials with Interfering Laser Beams -- 3.3.5 Density and Pair Correlation Functions -- 3.3.5.1 Commensurability Ratio p = 1 -- 3.3.5.2 Experimental Results for Commensurability Ratio p = 2 -- 3.3.6 Reentrance Melting -- 3.4 Colloidal Molecular Crystals -- 3.4.1 Colloidal Trimers on Triangular Lattices -- 3.4.2 Colloidal Dimers on Triangular Lattices -- 3.4.3 Fractional Fillings -- 3.5 CommensurateIncommensurate Transitions -- 3.5.1 Strain-Induced Domain Formation in Adsorbed Monolayers -- 3.5.2 Periodic Pinning Potentials -- Summary and Outlook -- References -- 4 Inhomogeneous Platelet and Rod Fluids -- Ludger Harnau and Siegfried Dietrich -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Osmotically Driven Shape-Dependent Colloidal Separation -- 4.1.2 Filter-Cake Consisting of Plate-Like Particles -- 4.1.3 Inner Structure of Polymer Liquid Crystal Nanotubes -- 4.1.4 Entropically Driven Microphase Transition in Mixtures of Colloidal Rods and Spheres -- 4.1.5 Sterically Mediated Two-Dimensional Aggregates of Gold Nanospheres Directed by DNA -- 4.1.6 Uniaxial Plasmon Coupling Through Longitudinal Self-Assemblies of Gold Nanorods -- 4.1.7 Patterned Alignment of Liquid Crystals -- 4.1.8 Voltage-Dependent Anchoring of a Nematic Liquid Crystal on a Grating Surface -- 4.1.9 Liquid-Crystal Diffraction Grating -- 4.1.10 Reporting Biomolecular and Chemical Events Occurring at Surfaces -- 4.1.11 Liquid-Crystal Colloids -- 4.2 Colloidal Platelet and Rod Fluids -- 4.2.1 Density Functional Theory -- 4.2.2 Homogeneous and Isotropic Bulk Fluids -- 4.3 Colloidal Platelet and Rod Fluids Near a Planar Wall or Confined in a Slit Pore -- 4.3.1 Contact with a Single Planar Hard Wall -- 4.3.1.1 Order Parameters -- 4.3.1.2 Effective Entropic Interactions -- 4.3.1.3 Surface Tension and Excess Adsorption -- 4.3.2 Confinement Between Two Parallel Hard Walls -- 4.3.3 Density Functional Theory for the Zwanzig Model -- 4.3.3.1 Homogeneous Bulk Fluid -- 4.3.3.2 Platelet and Rod Fluids Near a Single Hard Wall -- 4.3.3.3 Binary Platelet and Rod Fluids Confined by Two Parallel Hard Walls -- 4.3.4 Experiments -- 4.4 Colloidal Platelet and Rod Fluids Near Curved Surfaces -- 4.4.1 Contact with a Single Curved Hard Wall -- 4.4.1.1 Non-Interacting Platelets and Rods Outside a Spherical Cavity -- 4.4.1.2 Non-Interacting Platelets and Rods Inside a Spherical Cavity -- 4.4.1.3 Influence of Interparticle Interactions -- 4.4.2 Depletion Potential Between Two Spheres -- 4.4.2.1 The Derjaguin Approximation -- 4.4.2.2 Density Functional Approach -- 4.4.3 Entropic Force and Torque Acting on a Single Platelet or Rod -- 4.4.4 Colloidal Mixtures of Spheres and Platelets or Rods -- 4.4.4.1 Density Functional and Fundamental Measure Theory -- 4.4.4.2 Bulk Phase Diagram -- 4.4.4.3 Binary SpherePlatelet Mixture Near a Planar Hard Wall -- 4.4.5 Remarks on Theories of Colloidal Mixtures of Convex Bodies -- 4.4.5.1 Evaluation of Sphere Platelet Mayer Function -- 4.4.5.2 Bulk Excess Free Energy -- 4.4.5.3 Free Volume Fraction -- 4.4.6 Experiments -- 4.5 Rod Fluids Near Geometrically Structured Substrates -- 4.5.1 Rod Fluid Near a Right-Angled Wedge and Edge -- 4.5.2 Rod Fluid in Contact with a Periodically Structured Wall -- 4.6 Non-Spherical Particles Near Active Walls -- 4.6.1 Zwanzig Rods Near an Active Wall -- 4.6.2 Continuum Theory of Liquid Crystals -- 4.6.2.1 Electric and Magnetic Fields -- 4.6.2.2 Anchoring and Boundary Conditions -- 4.6.3 Nematic Liquid Crystal in Contact with Chemically Patterned Substrates -- 4.6.3.1 Methods of Manufacturing -- 4.6.3.2 The Model and Continuum Theory -- 4.6.3.3 Contact with a Single Chemically Patterned Substrate -- 4.6.3.4 Confinement -- 4.6.3.5 Solvation Force -- 4.6.4 Nematic Liquid Crystal in Contact with Chemically and Geometrically Structured Substrates -- 4.6.4.1 Contact with a Single Chemically and Geometrically Patterned Substrate -- 4.6.4.2 Zenithally Bistable Nematic Device -- 4.6.5 Influence of Voltage on the Phase Behavior of a Zenithally Bistable Liquid-Crystal Device with Grating Surfaces -- 4.6.5.1 Liquid-Crystal Alignment on Sinusoidal Surface Grating Structures -- 4.6.5.2 Phase Behavior of a Zenithally Bistable Liquid-Crystal Device Under Voltage -- 4.6.6 Colloidal Particles Dissolved in a Nematic Solvent -- 4.7 Outlook -- References -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Soft Matter encompasses a wide range of systems of varying components, including synthetic and biological polymers, colloids, and amphiphiles. The distinguishing features of these systems is their characteristic size, which is much larger than that of their atomic counterparts, and their characteristic energy, which is much smaller. Because of their ability to assemble themselves into complex structures, they form the major components of biological systems and technological applications. This second volume of the unique interdisciplinary "Soft Matter" series comprehensively describes colloids and their properties. The structural and thermodynamic properties of mixtures of rod-like and spherical colloids and of mixtures colloids and polymers, as well as the dynamical behavior of rod-like colloids are treated in depth. Again leading scientists have contributed articles that both introduce readers to this field, and serve as a source of reference for experts.
• Titolo autorizzato: Soft matter
• ISBN: 3-527-68230-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910830778403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II