Fundamentals of infection prevention and control : theory and practice / / Debbie Weston

• Autore: Weston Debbie
• Pubblicazione: Chichester, West Sussex, U.K., : Wiley-Blackwell, c2013
• Edizione: 2nd ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (385 pages) : illustrations
• Disciplina: 362.196/9
• Soggetto topico: Cross infection - Prevention; Hospitals
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- About the series -- Preface -- How to get the best out of your textbook -- How to use the companion website -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Part One: Introduction to infection prevention and control -- 1: The burden of healthcare-associated infections, and disease threats old and new -- Introduction -- Background -- The problem of HCAIs -- HCAI point prevalence surveys -- The challenge of disease threats old and new -- SARS -- Pandemic influenza -- Changes within the NHS and the provision of healthcare -- Secondary versus primary care: infection control in acute trust and primary care settings -- NHS acute trusts (secondary care) -- References -- 2: The Infection Prevention and Control Team -- Introduction -- The role of the Infection Prevention and Control Team -- The challenges of working as an Infection Prevention and Control (IP& -- C) Specialist Nurse -- The role of Infection Control Link Practitioners -- Responsibility, accountability and duty of care -- Competency -- Documentation -- Avoidable versus unavoidable infections -- The Health and Social Care Act 2008: Code of Practice on the Prevention and Control of Infections and Related Guidance -- Root Cause Analysis (RCA)/Post Infection Review (PIR) -- References -- 3: Audit and surveillance -- Introduction -- Audit -- Surveillance -- Alert organism surveillance -- Alert conditions -- Surveillance of notifiable diseases -- Mandatory and voluntary surveillance -- Surveillance of surgical site infections -- References -- Further reading -- 4: The investigation of clusters, periods of increased incidence and outbreaks of infection -- Introduction -- Recognising a cluster, a period of increased incidence and an outbreak -- Cluster -- Period of increased incidence -- Outbreak -- Look-back exercise. ; Arranging a cluster, PII or outbreak control group meeting: who to invite and agenda planning -- Investigating a cluster of ward-acquired MRSA colonisations -- C. difficile - periods of increased incidence or outbreaks -- Legionella: hospital or community acquired (isolated case or outbreak) -- Tuberculosis (smear positive): if the index case is, or was, a hospital in-patient -- At the meeting and after: actions and closure of the incident -- References -- 5: Microbial classification and structure -- Introduction -- Bacteria -- Bacterial structure -- Bacterial classification -- Virulence factors: slime, capsules and biofilm -- Spore formation -- Flagella -- Pili (fimbriae) -- The production of invasive enzymes -- Toxin production -- Plasmids -- Viruses -- Structure -- Replication -- Some medically important viruses -- Prions -- References -- 6: The collection and transportation of specimens -- Introduction -- General points -- Specimens must be collected in the appropriate container -- Taking the correct specimen -- Obtaining a specimen at the correct time -- The labelling of specimens and the specimen request form -- The investigation required -- 'Danger of Infection' labelling -- Prompt delivery to the laboratory -- Commonly requested clinical specimens -- Urine -- Indications for collection -- Obtaining an MSU -- Obtaining a catheter specimen of urine (CSU) -- Sputum -- Obtaining a sputum specimen -- Wounds -- Obtaining a wound swab -- Faeces -- Obtaining a stool specimen -- Rectal swabs -- Throat swabs -- Obtaining a throat swab -- MRSA screen (nose and axillae) -- Blood culture -- Cerebral spinal fluid -- References -- Further reading -- 7: The microbiology laboratory -- Introduction -- Bacterial growth -- Nutrients -- Temperature -- Moisture -- Oxygen -- Cell division -- Bacterial culture -- Culture media -- Inoculation of culture media. ; Culturing viruses -- Gramstaining -- Processing specimens -- MRSA -- Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Clostridium difficile -- Other laboratory techniques -- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -- Latex agglutination -- Immunofluorescence -- Serology -- Typing -- Genome sequencing -- References -- 8: Understanding the immune system and the nature and pathogenesis of infection -- Introduction -- The innate, or natural, immune response -- The skin -- Resident body flora -- Defence mechanisms of the respiratory, GI and genito-urinary tracts -- White blood cells -- Cytokines, chemotaxis and phagocytosis -- Macrophages -- The adaptive, or acquired, immune response -- T lymphocytes -- B lymphocytes -- Antibodies -- Complement -- The immune response and allergy -- Hypersensitivity reactions -- Understanding the chain of infection -- Link 1: causative organism -- Link 2: reservoir or source -- Links 3 and 4: portal of exit and portal of entry -- Link 5: mode of transmission -- Link 5: the susceptible patient -- Colonisation, infection and the inflammatory response -- Colonisation -- Infection -- References -- 9: Sepsis -- Introduction -- Sepsis and septicaemia -- Sepsis definitions -- The pathogenesis of septic shock -- Toxin release -- Activation of the complement system -- Systemic effects -- The management of sepsis and septic shock -- Neutropenic sepsis -- Confirming a diagnosis of neutropenic sepsis -- Clinical considerations -- Blood culture and antibiotics -- Admission and isolation -- Clinical practice points: infection control precautions -- References -- 10: Antibiotics and the problem of resistance -- Introduction -- Part A -- The discovery of penicillin -- How antibiotics work -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Factors leading to the emergence of resistance and problems within the healthcare setting -- Antimicrobial stewardship -- Part B. ; Specific antibiotic-resistant organisms -- Clinical practice points: the infection control management of patients colonised or infected with an ESBL or carbapenem-resistant organism -- References -- Part Two: The principles of infection prevention and control (standard precautions) -- 11: Isolation and cohort nursing -- Introduction -- Compliance with the Health and Social Care Act 2008 -- Standard precautions -- EPIC and NICE guidelines -- The purpose of isolating patients and different categories of isolation -- Source (standard) isolation -- Protective isolation (see Chapter 9) -- Isolation and risk assessment -- Infection control precautions within specialist areas -- General points regarding the infection control management of infected and colonised patients -- Negative-pressure isolation -- The psychological effects of isolation -- Care of deceased patients -- References -- 12: Hand hygiene -- Introduction -- Ignaz Semmelweis -- The microbial flora of the skin -- Resident skin flora -- Transient skin flora -- How cross-infection via the hands occurs -- Hand hygiene -- Hand washing -- Surgical hand antisepsis -- Alcohol hand rubs -- Hand decontamination at the point of care - the 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene -- My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene -- The patient zone -- The healthcare zone -- Hand hygiene: patients and the public -- Care of the hands -- References -- 13: Personal protective equipment -- Introduction -- Personal protective equipment: risk assessment -- PPE: common mistakes and important points -- Aprons and gowns -- Respiratory and facial protection: masks, goggles and visors (face shields) -- Masks -- Surgical face masks -- Respiratory protection -- Goggles and visors -- The order of donning and removing PPE -- References -- 14: The safe handling and disposal of sharps -- Introduction -- The incidence of sharps injuries. ; Safety devices -- References -- 15: Cleaning -- Introduction -- Cleaning and the Health and Social Care Act 2008 -- Cleaning standards -- Decontaminating beds and commodes -- Beds -- Commodes -- Disinfectant wipes -- The cleaning of equipment -- How clean is clean? -- Cleaning isolation side rooms, and deep cleaning bays and wards -- References -- Part Three: Clinical practice -- 16: The management of vascular access devices and the prevention of bloodstream infections -- Introduction -- Vascular access devices -- Peripheral venous cannulae -- Midline catheter (IV line) -- Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC line) -- Skin-tunnelled valved central catheter (Groshong® line) -- Skin-tunnelled non-valved central catheter (Hickman®) -- Central venous catheters -- Implanted ports -- Arterial lines -- Intra-osseous (IO) access -- The pathogenesis of VAD-related BSIs (bacteraemia) -- Bacteraemia -- Phlebitis -- Best practice in the prevention of peripheral cannula infection -- Initial considerations -- Skin decontamination -- Hand decontamination -- Early detection of phlebitis -- References -- 17: The prevention and management of catheter-associated urinary tract infections -- Introduction -- The economic burden of catheter-associated urinary tract infections, and the prevalence of urinary catheters in healthcare -- The United Kingdom -- The United States -- The pathogenesis of CAUTIs -- Clinical features of UTIs -- Uncatheterised patients -- Catheterised patients -- Diagnosis -- Clinical considerations: Best practice in the prevention of CAUTIs -- Avoid catheterisation -- Competency -- Prevent trauma -- Prevent contamination -- The use of silver catheters -- References -- 18: The prevention and management of surgical site infections -- Introduction -- The prevalence of surgical site infections. ; The prevention of SSIs: Compliance with the Health and Social Care Act 2008.
• Sommario/riassunto: Reviews of first edition: "This book tells every healthcare professional all they need to know about infection control… A user-friendly, valuable source of knowledge on a subject that can be confusing and complicated." Nursing Standard "A valuable contribution within any health or social environment." Journal of Community Nursing Infection prevention and control is an essential component of nursing care, and a crucially important subject area for both nursing students and qualified nurses. Fundamentals of Infection Prevention and Control gives readers a firm grasp of the principles of infection control, how they relate to clinical practice and the key issues surrounding the subject. It provides a comprehensive guide to the prevention, management and control of healthcare associated infections, and the basic elements of microbiology, immunology and epidemiology that underpin them. Thoroughly revised in line with current policy, this new edition contains brand-new chapters on a range of topics including the role of the Infection Prevention and Control Team, audit and surveillance, and the management of outbreaks. Also incorporating a range of case studies and examples as well as additional online content, it is essential reading for all nursing students as well as qualified nursing and healthcare professionals. Explores both principles and practice of a crucial subject area Accessible and user-friendly, with a range of features to help study including key definitions, links back to clinical practice, and chapter learning outcomes and summaries Accompanied by an online resource centre featuring MCQs, weblinks, case scenarios and downloadable fact sheets Features an increased clinical focus, with more application to practice This title is also available: as a Wiley E-Text, powered by VitalSource: an interactive digital version of the book featuring; downloadable text and images, highlighting and note-taking facilities, book-marking, cross-referencing, in-text searching, and linking to references and glossary terms instantly on CourseSmart at www.coursesmart.co.uk/9781118306659. CourseSmart offers extra functionality, as well as an immediate way to review the text. For more details, visit www.coursesmart.com/instructors or www.coursesmart.com/students.
• Titolo autorizzato: Fundamentals of infection prevention and control
• ISBN: 1-118-30771-2; 1-118-30769-0; 1-118-30770-4
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910822483203321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Fundamentals of educational planning.