Guidelines for evaluating process plant buildings for external explosions, fires, and toxic releases

• Pubblicazione: Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, c2012
• Edizione: 2nd ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (232 p.)
• Disciplina: 660/.2804
• Soggetto topico: Chemical plants - Fires and fire prevention; Explosions; Chemical plants - Risk assessment; Hazardous wastes
• Classificazione: TEC009010
• Note generali: Rev. ed. of: Guidelines for evaluating process plant buildings for external explosions and fires. c1996.; Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Objective 4 1.2 Building Siting Evaluation Process 5 1.3 Selection of Approach 6 1.4 Background 6 1.5 Phillips, Pasadena, Texas USA: Propylene HDPE Unit VCE ad BLEVEs 10 1.6 Evolution of Design and Siting Practices for Buildings in Process Plants 18 1.7 Organization of the Book 20 2. Management Overview 21 2.1 Process Overview 21 2.2 Management Responsibilities under API RP-752 and API RP-753 27 3. Determining the Scope of the Building Siting Evaluation 31 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Buildings Considered 31 3.3 Scenario Selection 36 4. Building Siting Evaluation Criteria 45 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 Occupant Vulnerability 46 4.3 Criteria for Existing Buildings Exposed to Explosion Hazards 48 4.4 Criteria for Fires 58 4.5 Criteria for Toxic Exposures 62 4.6 Criteria for Building Upgrades and New Buildings 64 4.7 Risk Criteria 65 5. Explosion Hazards 71 5.1 Introduction 71 5.2 Select Explosion Approach 72 5.3 Modeling and Quantifying and Explosion Hazards 74 5.4 Building Response to Explosion Hazards 78 5.5 Occupant VULNERABILITY to Explosion Hazards 90 5.6 Actions Required at the Completion of the Evaluation 90 6. Fire Hazards Assessment 93 6.1 Introduction 93 6.2 Determining if a Fire Hazard Exists 97 6.3 Spacing Table Approach 97 6.4 Performing a Consequence-Based or Risk-Based building siting evaluation for Fire 99 6.5 Occupant Response to Fire Hazards 105 6.6 Defining the Fire Protection Concept 106 7. Toxic Hazards Assessment 109 7.1 Introduction 109 7.2 Determining if a Toxic Hazard Exists 109 7.3 Building siting evaluation for toxics 111 7.4 Defining the Toxic Protection Concept 120 7.5 Evacuation vs. Sheltering-In-Place 120 8. Frequency and Probability Assessment 125 8.1 Introduction 125 8.2 Developing a Scenario List 127 8.3 Calculation of Frequency of Initiating Event or accident 129 8.4 Probability and Frequency of Final Outcomes 144 8.5 Unit-Based Outcome Frequencies 149 9. Risk Assessment 151 9.1 Introduction 151 9.2 Risk Measure Types 154 9.3 Calculating Risk 158 9.4 Interpretation and Use of Risk Measures 169 10. Mitigation Plans and Ongoing Risk Management 171 10.1 Development of Mitigation Plans 171 10.2 Building Modifications 177 11. Managing the Building Siting Process 185 11.1 Management of Change 185 11.2 Documentation Requirements 187 11.3 Documentation of Mitigation Systems Criteria and Performance 188 11.4 Maintaining Documentation "EverGreen" 189.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING PROCESS PLANT BUILDINGS FOR EXTERNAL EXPLOSIONS, FIRES, AND TOXIC RELEASES, Second Edition; CONTENTS; List of Figures; List of Tables; Acknowledgements; Glossary; 1 INTRODUCTION; 1.1 Objective; 1.2 Building Siting Evaluation Process; 1.3 Selection of Approach; 1.4 Background; 1.4.1 Flixborough, UK: Vapor Cloud Explosion in Chemical Plant; 1.5 Phillips, Pasadena, Texas USA: Propylene HDPE Unit VCE and BLEVEs; 1.5.1 BP, Texas City, Texas USA: Discharge from Atmospheric Vent Resulting in a VCE; 1.5.2 Hickson & Welch Ltd, Castleford, UK: Jet Fire ; 1.6 Evolution of Design and Siting Practices for Buildings in Process Plants1.6.1 Brief History of Building Designs; 1.6.2 Standards for Building and Equipment Siting and Separation; 1.6.3 Standards and Criteria for Building Design, and the Need for Site-Specific Evaluation; 1.7 Organization of the Book; 2 MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW; 2.1 Process Overview; 2.1.1 Explosion, Fire and Toxic Release Phenomena; 2.1.2 Statement of the Problem; 2.1.3 Analysis Approach Selection; 2.1.4 Steps in the Process; 2.2 Management Responsibilities under API RP-752 and API RP-753 ; 2.2.1 Meeting Expectations - Management's Role in the Process2.2.2 Maintaining the Process; 3 DETERMINING THE SCOPE OF THE BUILDING SITING EVALUATION; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Buildings Considered; 3.2.1 Buildings Intended for Occupancy; 3.2.2 Buildings That May be Excluded from the Siting Study; 3.2.3 Buildings Evaluated on a Case-by-Case Basis; 3.3 Scenario Selection; 3.3.1 Consequence-based Scenario Selection; 3.3.2 Risk-based Scenario Selection; 3.3.3 Explosion Scenarios; 3.3.4 Fire Scenarios; 3.3.5 Toxic Scenarios; 4 BUILDING SITING EVALUATION CRITERIA; 4.1 Introduction ; 4.2 Occupant Vulnerability4.3 Criteria for Existing Buildings Exposed to Explosion Hazards; 4.3.1 Building Exposure Criteria for Explosion; 4.3.2 Building Consequence (Damage) Criteria; 4.4 Criteria for Fires; 4.4.1 Spacing Table Approach; 4.4.2 Building Exposure Criteria for Fire; 4.4.3 Fire Criteria Based on Occupant Vulnerability; 4.4.4 Smoke; 4.5 Criteria for Toxic Exposures; 4.5.1 Criteria Based on Presence of a Toxic Cloud; 4.5.2 Toxic Criteria Based on Occupant Exposure; 4.6 Criteria for Building Upgrades and New Buildings; 4.7 Risk Criteria; 4.7.1 Use of Individual Risk Measures ; 4.7.2 Use of Societal and Aggregate Risk Measures5 EXPLOSION HAZARDS; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Select Explosion Approach; 5.2.1 Evaluation of Existing Buildings; 5.2.2 Siting and Design of New Buildings; 5.3 Modeling and Quantifying and Explosion Hazards; 5.3.1 Vapor Cloud Explosions (VCEs); 5.3.2 Pressure Vessel Burst; 5.3.3 Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions (BLEVEs); 5.3.4 Condensed Phase Explosions; 5.4 Building Response to Explosion Hazards; 5.4.1 General; 5.4.2 Building Damage Levels (BDLs); 5.4.3 Component Damage Levels; 5.4.4 Detailed Analysis; 5.4.5 Identifying Limiting Factors ; 5.5 Occupant Vulnerability to Explosion Hazards
• Sommario/riassunto: "Siting of permanent and temporary buildings in process areas requires careful consideration of potential effects of explosions and fires arising from accidental release of flammable materials. This book, which updates the 1996 edition, provides a single-source reference that explains the American Petroleum Institute (API) permanent (752) and temporary (753) building recommended practices and details how to implement them. New coverage on toxicity and updated standards are also highlighted. Practical and easy-to-use, this reliable guide is a must-have for implementing safe building practices"--
• Titolo autorizzato: Guidelines for evaluating process plant buildings for external explosions, fires, and toxic releases
• ISBN: 1-283-94118-X; 1-118-31296-1; 1-118-31298-8; 1-62198-025-1; 1-118-31299-6
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910815770203321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II