5G and beyond : fundamentals and standards / / editors, Xingqin Lin, Namyoon Lee

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (viii, 543 pages) : illustrations (some color)
• Disciplina: 621.38456
• Soggetto topico: 5G mobile communication systems - Standards; Wireless communication systems - Standards
• Persona (resp. second.): LinXingqin <1987->; LeeNamyoon
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction to 5G and Beyond -- 1.1 Book Objective -- 1.2 Evolution of Mobile Communications Systems Before 5G -- 1.2.1 1G: Analog Mobile Communication Era -- 1.2.2 2G: Digital Mobile Communication Era -- 1.2.3 3G: Mobile Internet Era -- 1.2.4 4G: Real-Time Streaming Era -- 1.3 What is 5G? -- 1.3.1 5G Use Cases -- 1.3.2 5G Technical Requirements -- 1.3.3 5G Technology Components -- Radio Access Network -- Core Network -- Backhaul and Fronthaul -- 1.3.4 5G Spectrum -- 1.4 5G Standardization -- 1.4.1 ITU 5G Activities -- 1.4.2 3GPP 5G Standardization -- 1.5 What Will 6G Be? -- 1.5.1 Vision for 6G -- 1.5.2 Technical Requirements and Applications -- 1.5.3 Key Enabling Technologies -- 1.6 Book Outline -- References -- Part I Fundamentals of 5G and 6G -- 2 Advanced Channel Coding -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Formal Definition of RC Codes -- 2.3 Capacity-Achieving RC-Polar Code: Asymptotic Results -- 2.3.1 Overview of Polar Codes -- 2.3.2 Capacity-Achieving Punctured Polar Code -- 2.3.3 PCP Codes -- 2.4 RCPP Codes for Finite Lengths -- 2.4.1 A Reciprocal Puncturing -- 2.4.2 A Hierarchical Puncturing -- 2.4.3 RCPP Codes -- Information-Dependent Frozen Vector -- Encoding and Decoding -- 2.5 Numerical Results -- 2.6 Discussion and Concluding Remarks -- References -- 3 Multiple Access Techniques -- 3.1 Evolution of Multiple Access Techniques -- 3.1.1 Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) -- 3.1.2 Space-Division Multiple Access (SDMA) -- 3.1.3 Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) -- Single-Antenna NOMA -- Multi-antenna NOMA -- 3.2 Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) for 5G and Beyond -- 3.2.1 Literature Review -- 3.2.2 RSMA Framework -- 1-Layer RS -- 2-Layer HRS -- Generalized RS -- 1-Layer RS vs. 2-Layer HRS vs. Generalized RS -- 3.2.3 RSMA vs. NOMA/SDMA/OMA -- Framework Comparison -- Complexity Comparison. ; Performance Comparison -- 3.2.4 Advantages of RSMA -- 3.3 Emerging Applications of RSMA -- 3.4 Challenges and Future Trends of RSMA -- References -- 4 Massive MIMO -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Massive MIMO Systems -- 4.2.1 Uplink Training -- 4.2.2 Uplink Payload Data Transmission -- 4.2.3 Downlink Payload Data Transmission -- 4.3 Fundamentals of Massive MIMO -- 4.3.1 Favorable Propagation -- 4.3.2 Channel Hardening -- 4.3.3 Use-and-Then-Forget Capacity Bounding Technique -- 4.3.4 Pilot Contamination -- 4.4 Important Topics for Future Research -- 4.4.1 Massive MIMO with Multiple-Antenna Users -- 4.4.2 Cell-Free Massive MIMO -- 4.4.3 Massive MIMO for Massive Access -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Fundamentals of Network Densification -- 5.1 Introduction to Densification -- 5.2 General System Model and Performance Metrics -- 5.3 Densification in the Conventional Scenario -- 5.3.1 Impact of Densification -- 5.3.2 Effect of the Dual-Slope Path-Loss Model -- 5.4 Factors Affecting the Densification Gain -- 5.4.1 Path-Loss Models -- Multi-slope Path-Loss Model -- Probabilistic Two-Regime Model -- General Multi-regime Multi-slope Probabilistic Path-Loss Model -- 3GPP-Model-1 -- 3GPP-Model-2 -- 5.4.2 Height Difference Between BS and UE Antennas -- 5.4.3 Scaling of the UE Density -- 5.4.4 Traffic Characteristics -- 5.4.5 Blockages -- 5.4.6 Deployment -- 5.4.7 Directional Communication -- 5.4.8 Association Criterion -- 5.4.9 Access Restrictions in Multi-tier Networks -- 5.5 Densification in Modern Networks -- 5.5.1 Finite UE Density Under Multi-slope Path-Loss -- 5.5.2 Height Difference Between BS and UE Under Multi-slope Path-Loss -- 5.5.3 Fixed UE Density with Non-zero Height Difference Under Multi-slope and Probabilistic Path-Loss -- 5.5.4 Access Restrictions with Finite UE Density -- 5.6 Conclusions -- References -- 6 UAV-Enabled Cellular Networks. ; 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 History of UAV -- 6.1.2 UAV Communication Scenarios -- 6.1.3 UAV for Beyond 5G: 3GPP Studies -- 6.2 New Key Features of UAV Communications -- 6.2.1 Channel Modeling -- Path Loss Model -- Antenna Gain -- Small-Scale Channel Model -- 6.2.2 UAV Trajectory Design -- Problem Formulation -- 6.2.3 Interference-Aware Transmission Design -- 6.3 Research Challenges and Open Problems -- 6.3.1 Interference Management -- 6.3.2 3D Placement Optimization -- 6.3.3 Channel Modeling -- 6.3.4 Security and Privacy Issues -- References -- 7 6G Wireless Systems: Challenges and Opportunities -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 6G Driving Applications, Metrics, and New Service Classes -- 7.2.1 6G: Driving Applications and Their Performance Requirements -- Multi-sensory XR Applications -- Connected Robotics and Autonomous Systems (CRAS) -- Wireless Brain-Computer Interactions (BCI) -- Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) -- 7.2.2 6G: Key Trends and Metrics -- 7.2.3 New Service Classes for 6G -- Mobile Broadband Reliable Low-Latency Communication -- Massive URLLC -- Human-Centric Services -- Multi-purpose 3CLS and Energy Services -- 7.3 6G: Enabling Technologies -- 7.3.1 6G at Above 6 GHz: From Small Cells Toward Tiny Cells -- 7.3.2 Transceivers with Integrated Frequency Bands -- 7.3.3 Communication with Large Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces -- 7.3.4 Edge AI -- 7.3.5 Integrated Terrestrial, Airborne, and Satellite Networks -- 7.3.6 Energy Transfer and Harvesting -- Beyond 6G -- 7.4 6G: Open Research Problems -- 7.4.1 3D Rate-Reliability-Latency Fundamentals -- 7.4.2 Leveraging Integrated, Heterogeneous High-Frequency Bands -- 7.4.3 3D Networking -- 7.4.4 Communications with RISs -- 7.4.5 AI for Wireless -- 7.4.6 QoPE Metrics -- 7.4.7 Joint Communication and Control -- 7.4.8 3CLS -- 7.4.9 Design of 6G Protocols. ; 7.4.10 RF and Non-RF Link Integration -- 7.4.11 Holographic Radio -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part II 5G New Radio Basics -- 8 A Guide to NG-RAN Architecture -- Acronyms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 NG-RAN Logical Architecture and Building Blocks -- 3 Deployment Flexibility and Architecture Options -- 3.1 A Brief Note on Dual Connectivity (DC) -- 3.2 Option 3 (EN-DC) -- 3.3 Option 4 (NE-DC) -- 3.4 Option 7 (NGEN-DC) -- 3.5 Option 2 -- 3.6 Option 5 -- 3.7 Migration from 4G to 5G -- 4 Splitting the RAN Node: From the Atom to the Matryoshka -- 4.1 CU-DU Split -- Description -- Impacts of the High Layer Split on Other RAN Functions -- Influences on LTE: eNB Architecture Evolution -- Previous Studies on Low Layer Split for the gNB -- 4.2 CP-UP Split -- 5 The Unified User Plane -- 6 Building on NG-RAN Architecture: IAB -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- 9 NR Physical Layer Overview -- 1 Waveform and Basic Structure of NR -- 2 Bandwidth Part (BWP) -- 3 Downlink Control Information -- 4 Uplink Control Information -- 5 Data Channels -- 5.1 Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) -- 5.2 Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) -- 6 Power Control -- 7 NR-LTE Interworking -- 8 UE Capabilities -- Reference -- 10 Channel Coding in NR -- 1 LDPC Coding in NR -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Coding Chain of NR Data Channel -- CRC Attachment -- Code Block Segmentation -- NR LDPC Structure -- Two Base Graphs -- 1.3 Rate Matching for LDPC Codes -- 1.4 Bit-Level Channel Interleaver for LDPC Codes -- 1.5 Performance of NR LDPC Codes -- 2 Polar Coding in NR -- 2.1 Introduction -- Polarization Theory -- 2.2 Coding for Downlink Control Information -- CRC Encoding for DCI -- CRC Interleaver -- Polar Encoding Kernel -- Rate Matcher -- Polar Coding for DCI -- Performance of NR Polar Codes in Downlink -- 2.3 Coding for Uplink Control Information -- CRC Encoding for UCI. ; Parity-Check (PC) Bits -- Polar Coding for UCI -- 2.4 Polar Coding for PBCH -- References -- 11 5G NR Cell Search and Random Access -- 1 Cell Search -- 1.1 SS/PBCH Block -- Structure of SS/PBCH Block -- Time Domain Configuration for SS/PBCH Block -- Frequency Domain Configuration for SS/PBCH Block -- Details of PSS, SSS, and PBCH Design -- 1.2 Basic System Information Acquisition -- Information Carried on PBCH -- SIB 1 -- 2 Random Access -- 2.1 Random-Access Preamble -- Preamble Sequence Design -- PRACH Configuration -- Association Between SS/PBCH Block and Preamble Transmission -- 2.2 Random-Access Response -- 2.3 Scheduled Msg3 Transmission -- 2.4 Contention Resolution -- References -- 12 A Primer on Bandwidth Parts in 5G New Radio -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Concepts of Bandwidth Parts -- 2.1 Fundamentals of Bandwidth Parts -- 2.2 Bandwidth Part Types -- 3 Bandwidth Part Configurations -- 3.1 Configuration of a Bandwidth Part with a Nonzero Index -- 3.2 Configuration of a Bandwidth Part with Index Zero -- 4 Bandwidth Part Switch -- 4.1 RRC Reconfiguration-Based Bandwidth Part Switch -- 4.2 DCI-Based Bandwidth Part Switch -- 4.3 Timer-Based Bandwidth Part Switch -- 5 UE Capabilities of Bandwidth Part Support -- 6 Use Cases of Bandwidth Parts -- 6.1 Flexible Bandwidth Support -- 6.2 UE Power Saving -- 6.3 Fast Change of UE Configuration -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Part III 5G New Radio Evolution -- 13 Support of Ultra-reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) in NR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Use Cases and Requirements -- 3 URLLC Support in NR Rel-15 -- 3.1 Support of Low Latency -- 3.2 Support of High Reliability -- 3.3 DL Pre-emption -- 4 URLLC Support in NR Rel-16 -- 4.1 New DCI Formats -- 4.2 Enhanced PDCCH Monitoring Capability -- 4.3 Sub-slot-Based HARQ-ACK Feedback -- 4.4 PUSCH Repetition Type B. ; 4.5 Enhanced Configured Grant and Enhanced SPS.
• Titolo autorizzato: 5G and beyond
• ISBN: 3-030-58197-7
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910484652803321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II