ABC of evidence-based healthcare / / edited by John Frain

• Pubblicazione: Hoboken, NJ : , : Wiley, , 2025; ©2025
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (vii, 104 pages) : color illustrations
• Disciplina: 616
• Soggetto topico: Evidence-based medicine; Evidence-Based Medicine; Clinical Decision-Making
• Soggetto genere / forma: Handbook; Handbooks and manuals.
• Persona (resp. second.): FrainJohn (John Patrick James)
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 What Is Evidence-Based Healthcare? -- Introduction -- Healthcare before evidence-based healthcare -- The philosophy of evidence-based healthcare (4) -- The origins of the evidence-based healthcare movement -- Using evidence at the bedside -- The achievements of evidence-based healthcare -- The key steps of evidence-based healthcare -- So what is evidence-based healthcare? -- The ethical dimension -- References -- Chapter 2 Identifying Clinical Questions -- Introduction -- Clinical background questions versus foreground questions -- What are background questions? -- What are foreground questions? -- Where do clinical questions come from? -- Identifying the clinical problem -- Patient engagement -- Types of clinical questions (6, 7) -- Using the PICO framework (2, 8) -- Finding evidence -- Appraise, apply and evaluate the evidence -- Examples of differing types of clinical questions using the aforementioned structured approach -- Aetiology/harm -- Diagnosis -- Therapy -- Prognosis -- Prevention -- Health economics in clinical questions -- Integrating health economics into the PICO framework (10) -- Incorporating health economics into clinical questions (10) -- The impact of answering clinical questions -- Applying evidence-based practice in daily clinical practice -- Engaging in continuous learning and professional development -- Integrating health economics into clinical decision-making -- Future research and quality improvement -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Finding the Evidence -- Where is the evidence? -- What is a database? -- Medical summaries and databases -- What is peer review? -- Can't I just use Google it? -- What about Google Scholar? -- Hierarchies of evidence - the evidence pyramids -- The pyramid of studies. ; The '6-S Pyramid' (8) -- Search strategies -- Getting started -- Deriving search terms -- Exploding your search -- Focusing the search -- Limiting a search to titles only -- Using Boolean operators -- AND -- OR -- NOT -- Thesaurus -- Comprehensive search strategies -- Systematic review -- Primary research papers -- Internet searches -- Grey literature -- Selecting studies -- Limitations of the evidence pyramid -- Tips on abstract screening -- Reporting a search -- References -- Chapter 4 Principles of Study Design -- Introduction -- Research study design -- Non-analytic studies -- Analytic studies (4) -- Experimental studies (6) -- What type of study am I reading? -- Accounting for bias in study design -- Effect of confounding and bias on study design and bias -- Advantages and disadvantages of the designs -- Randomised controlled trial -- Cohort study -- Case-control studies -- Cross-sectional survey -- Designing and planning a study -- Review of literature -- Formulating hypotheses -- Specification of needed data -- Methods and techniques to yield data needed -- Planning the analysis -- Pretesting study design and data collection -- Analysis and interpretation of data -- Misconceptions -- What is a clinical trial? -- Planning a clinical trial -- Conceptual phase -- Pilot study -- Trial phase -- Common pitfalls in clinical trials -- Evidence synthesis -- What is evidence synthesis? (22) -- Systematic reviews -- Registration and reporting of results -- Reporting guidelines -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 5 Qualitative Research -- Introduction -- The qualitative research question -- Data in qualitative research -- Qualitative study designs -- Ethnography (6) -- Grounded theory (6) -- Phenomenology (6) -- Case study research (6) -- Narrative research -- Historical research -- Conducting a qualitative research study -- Sampling (8). ; Convenience sampling -- Purposive sampling -- Snowball sampling -- Intensity sampling -- Determining the sample size -- Data collection -- Focus groups (8) -- One-to-one interviews -- Interview topic guide -- Principles of data analysis -- Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis (CAQDAS) -- Bias in qualitative research -- Reflexivity -- Reporting qualitative research studies -- Critical appraisal of qualitative research -- Mixed methods -- Generalisability of qualitative research -- References -- Chapter 6 Statistical Concepts -- Introduction -- Oh no, not statistics! -- What are statistics for? -- Types of data -- Identifying data types -- Numerical (quantitative) data -- Categorical data -- Descriptive and inferential statistics -- Measures of spread of data -- Reporting central tendency -- Visualising data -- Transforming data -- Sample point estimate (2) -- Data accuracy and quality -- Errors, bias and prejudice -- Standard error -- Standard error of the mean -- Confidence intervals -- Confidence intervals of a mean -- Why do we use 95%? -- Hypothesis testing -- The null hypothesis -- Errors in hypothesis testing -- What is a P value? -- Choosing statistical tests -- Correlation and regression -- Population and sampling -- Diagnostic tests -- Predictive values -- Likelihood ratios and pre- and post-test odds -- Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 7 Critical Appraisal -- Overview -- What is critical appraisal? -- Validity -- Initial points -- The journal of publication -- Assessing a journal -- The title -- Authorship -- Initial questions (9) -- The abstract -- Introduction or background -- Aims and objectives -- Appraising the study question -- Method -- Results -- Discussion/conclusions -- Declarations -- Conflicts of interest -- Assessing bias in studies. ; Inclusion in subgroup analysis -- Reporting standards -- Appraisal tools -- The critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) (13) -- Systematic reviews and meta-analyses -- Meta-analyses -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 8 Evidence into Practice -- Introduction -- Patient and public involvement -- Knowledge-to-action cycle -- Implementation science -- Guidelines -- Clinical reasoning, evidence, communication and shared decision-making -- Patient health literacy -- Communicating risk to patients -- Decision aids -- Statistical concepts -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 9 Challenges in Evidence-Based Healthcare -- Inclusion in research -- Artificial intelligence -- 'Listen to the patient and their data -- they are telling you the diagnosis' -- Are there limitations to evidence-based healthcare? -- References -- Chapter 10 Teaching and Learning Evidence-Based Healthcare -- The learner's experience -- Evidence is everywhere -- Evidence-based physical examination -- Clinical prediction rules -- Tips for evidence-based bedside teaching -- Practising the five steps of evidence-based healthcare -- The evidence-based healthcare curriculum -- Teaching strategies for evidence-based healthcare -- Journal clubs -- Learner attitudes -- Summary -- References -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Useful Tools and Websites -- Index -- EULA.
• Sommario/riassunto: "This book will demystify evidence-based healthcare for those not from a research background or actively involved in research, but clinicians wishing to understand these principles and implement them into their own practice. It will facilitate communication and shared-decision-making of treatment and management with patients"--
• Altri titoli varianti: ABCs of evidence-based health care
• Titolo autorizzato: ABC of Evidence-Based Healthcare
• ISBN: 9781394219346; 1394219342
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9911019504103321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: ABC Series