Clinical Neuroscience for Communication Disorders : Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology / / Margaret Lehman Blake, Jerry K. Hoepner

• Autore: Blake Margaret Lehman
• Pubblicazione: San Diego : , : Plural Publishing, Incorporated, , 2021; ©2023
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (361 pages)
• Disciplina: 612.8
• Soggetto topico: Neuroanatomy; Neurophysiology; Neurosciences
• Persona (resp. second.): HoepnerJerry K
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface: How to Use This Textbook -- Acknowledgments -- Reviewers -- Chapter 1. Overview of the Nervous System -- Overview -- Major Components -- Organization of the Nervous System -- Organizational Systems -- Cytoarchitecture Organization -- Organization by Function -- Terminology -- Nervous System Cells -- Neurons -- Glial Cells -- Structures and Landmarks -- Lobes -- Frontal Lobes -- Parietal Lobes -- Temporal Lobes -- Occipital Lobes -- Subcortical Structures -- Basal Ganglia -- Thalamus -- Cerebellum -- Brainstem -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 2. Ventricular System: Cranium, Ventricles, and Meninges -- Overview -- Cranium, Cranial Vault, and Its Contents -- Meningeal Layers -- Dura Mater -- Arachnoid Layer and Pia Mater -- Ventricles -- Cerebrospinal Fluid Path and Functions -- Communication Through the Ventricular System -- Disruptions to the Ventricular and Meningeal Systems -- Hydrocephalus -- Meningeal Damage -- Summary -- Additional Resources -- Chapter 3. Neuron Anatomy and Physiology -- Overview -- Classification of Neurons -- Neuronal Communication -- Big Picture Overview -- Membrane Potentials -- Synaptic Transmission -- Action Potentials -- Myelinated Versus Unmyelinated Axons -- Synaptic Transmission -- Types of Neurotransmitters -- Neurotransmitter Recovery and Degradation -- Creating Meaning from Binary Signals -- Patterns of Signals -- Source of Signals -- Region or Location -- Conditions That Alter Synaptic Transmission -- Neurologic Disorders and Diseases That Affect Synaptic Transmission -- Parkinson Disease -- Multiple Sclerosis -- Myasthenia Gravis -- Pharmacological Effects on Synaptic Transmission -- Blocking Effects -- Prolonging Effects -- Mimicking Effect -- Summary -- Reference and Additional Resources -- Chapter 4. Neuroembryology -- Overview -- The Neural Tube -- Developmental (Embryologic) Precursors. ; Sulcus Limitans -- Lamina Terminalis (Precursor to the Corpus Callosum) -- Vesicles of the Neural Tube (CNS Precursors) -- Landmark Timelines -- Telencephalon and C-Shaped Development -- Disruptions to Development and Consequences -- Summary -- References and Additional Resources -- Chapter 5. Diencephalon -- Overview -- Diencephalic Structures -- Thalamus -- Thalamic Nuclei -- Epithalamus -- Subthalamus -- Hypothalamus -- Pituitary Gland -- Damage to the Diencephalon -- Summary -- Chapter 6. Somatosensory Systems -- Overview -- Somatosensory System Structures -- Sensory Receptors -- Mechanoreceptors -- Nociceptors -- Proprioceptive Sensory Receptors -- Thalamic Nuclei -- Primary Somatosensory Cortex -- Cortical Association Areas -- Sensory Pathways -- Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal Pathway -- Spinothalamic Tracts -- Spinocerebellar Tracts -- Sensory Innervation -- Damage to Somatosensory System Components -- Spinal Cord Damage -- Thalamic Damage -- Cortical Damage -- Summary -- Chapter 7. Visual System -- Overview -- The Eye -- Anterior Structures -- Posterior Structures: The Retina -- Visual Fields -- Visual Pathway -- Visual Cortex -- Dorsal Pathway -- Ventral Pathway -- Damage to the Visual System -- Visual Field Cuts -- Cortical Damage -- Summary -- Chapter 8. Auditory and Vestibular Systems -- Overview -- Auditory System -- The Cochlea -- Converting Sound Waves Into Neural Signals -- Auditory Pathway -- Frequency and Intensity Coding in the Auditory System -- Localization of Sound -- Auditory Processing in the Cortex -- Hearing Impairment and Damage to the Auditory System -- Conductive Hearing Loss -- Sensorineural Hearing Loss -- Vestibular System -- Vestibular Pathways -- Summary -- Reference -- Chapter 9. Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste -- Olfaction -- Olfaction: The Sense of Smell -- Olfactory Pathway -- Impairments of Olfaction. ; Gustation: The Sense of Taste -- Gustatory Pathway -- Factors Influencing Taste Perception -- Impairments of Gustation -- Summary -- Reference -- Chapter 10. Motor Systems -- Overview -- Motor System Structures -- Primary Motor Strip -- Premotor and Supplementary Motor Areas -- Basal Ganglia -- Cerebellum -- Motor Pathways -- Pyramidal Tracts -- Cranial and Spinal Nerves -- Corticospinal Tracts -- Corticobulbar Tract -- Extrapyramidal Tracts -- Rubrospinal Tract -- Tectospinal Tract -- Vestibulospinal Tract -- Reticulospinal Tract -- Motor Units and Muscle Innervation -- Clinical Implications -- Motor Cortex -- Motor Pathways -- Neuromuscular Junction -- Basal Ganglia -- Cerebellum -- Summary -- Chapter 11. Cranial Nerves -- Overview -- General Functions -- Cranial Nerve Pathways -- Motor Pathways: Corticobulbar Tract -- Sensory Pathways -- Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens -- Muscles of the Eye -- Oculomotor Nerve -- Trochlear Nerve -- Abducens Nerve -- Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Nerve -- Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve -- Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal -- Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve -- Pharyngeal Branch of the Vagus -- Superior Laryngeal Nerve of the Vagus -- Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve of the Vagus -- Pharyngeal Plexus -- Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve -- Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve -- Integration of Cranial Nerve Functions -- Speech Production -- Swallowing -- Clinical Implications: Examinations of Speech and Swallowing Mechanisms -- Cranial Nerve/Oral Mechanism Examination -- Smell and Taste -- Vision -- Extraocular Movements (CNs III, IV, and VI) -- Jaw Movements and Mastication (CN V) -- Facial Sensation (CN V) -- Muscles of Facial Expression and Oral Preparation (CN VII) -- Hearing (CN VIII) -- Velar Functions - Motor and Sensory (CNs V, IX, and X). ; Laryngeal Functions - Motor and Sensory (CN X) -- Spinal Accessory (CN XI) -- Lingual Motor Functions (CN XII with a Little Help from CN X) -- Lingual Sensation (CNs V and IX) -- Oral and Laryngeal Diadochokinetic Rate -- Evidence for the Oral Mechanism Examination -- Clinical Bedside Swallow Examination and Instrumental Assessment -- Summary -- Additional Resources -- Chapter 12. Limbic System and Reticular Formation -- Limbic System Structures and Functions -- Homeostasis -- Olfaction -- Memory -- Emotions -- Integrating Limbic Information -- Reticular Formation and Reticular Activating System -- Summary -- References and Additional Resources -- Chapter 13. Cerebrovascular System -- Overview -- Blood Supply and Functional Organization -- Circle of Willis -- Cerebral Blood Supply Distributions -- Blood Supply to the Thalamus and Basal Ganglia -- Blood Supply to the Cerebellum -- Brainstem and Spinal Cord Distributions -- Midbrain -- Pons -- Medulla -- Spinal Cord -- Blood-Brain Barrier -- Disruptions to Blood Supply -- Summary -- References and Additional Resources -- Chapter 14. Communication and Cognition -- Overview -- Common Developmental Disruptions -- Developmental Language Disorders -- Autism Spectrum Disorder -- Down Syndrome -- Fragile X Syndrome -- Common Neurologic Insults and Diseases -- Traumatic Brain Injury -- Degenerative Diseases and Tumors -- Communication -- Language -- Networks -- Development -- Lesions and Disorders -- Pragmatics and Social Cognition -- Networks -- Development -- Lesions and Disorders -- Cognition -- Executive Functions -- Networks -- Development -- Lesions and Disorders -- Memory -- Networks -- Development -- Lesions and Disorders -- Attention -- Networks -- Development -- Lesions and Disorders -- Summary -- References and Additional Resources -- Chapter 15. Neuroplasticity -- Overview. ; Neural (Cellular) Plasticity -- Behavioral Plasticity -- Intensity and Dosage -- Factors That Contribute to Participation -- Functional Reactivation Versus Functional Reorganization -- Summary -- References and Additional Resources -- Chapter 16. Clinical Cases -- Overview -- Approach to Solving (Thinking Through) Cases -- Section 1: Acquired Cases -- Case 16-1: 48-Year-Old Female With Traumatic Brain Injury -- Case 16-2: 32-Year-Old Male With Postural Headaches and Mixed Upper/Lower Motor Neuron Signs -- Case 16-3: 56-Year-Old Female With Progressive Onset of Dysphagia and Speech Impairments -- Case 16-4: 17-Year-Old Female with Traumatic Brain Injury -- Case 16-5: 63-Year-Old Male With Aphasia and Right Hemiparesis -- Case 16-6: 86-Year-Old Male With Insidious Onset of Cognitive-Communication Changes -- Case 16-7: 45-Year-Old Female With Acute Onset of Confusion and Language Impairment -- Case 16-8: 62-Year-Old Male With Acute Onset of Lethargy and Impaired Attention -- Case 16-9: 52-Year-Old With Acute Onset of "Slurred" Speech and "Drunken" Gait -- Case 16-10: 70-Year-Old Male With Acute Onset of Dysarthria, Vertigo, Nausea, and Double Vision -- Case 16-11: 22-Year-Old Male With Acute Onset of Weakness and Respiratory Distress -- Case 16-12: 62-Year-Old Female With Gradual Onset of Speech and Swallowing Impairments -- Case 16-13: 78-Year-Old Female With Gradual Onset of Speech and Gait Disturbances -- Case 16-14: 52-Year-Old Female With Declining Cognition, Speech, and Swallowing Function -- Case 16-15: 86-Year-Old Female With Memory and Swallowing Difficulties -- Case 16-16: 73-Year-Old Male With Right Facial and Tongue Atrophy -- Section 2: Pediatric and Developmental Cases -- Case 16-17: 5-Year-Old Male With Shunt Malfunction -- Case 16-18: 4-Year-Old Male With Fetal Alcohol Syndrome -- Case 16-19: 30-Year-Old Female With Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum.
• Sommario/riassunto: Clinical Neuroscience for Communication Disorders: Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology offers a comprehensive and easy-to-understand introduction to neuroscience for undergraduates and beginning graduate students in the field of communication disorders. Packed with features to aid student understanding, this textbook introduces the neurologic underpinnings of systems involved in communication (speech, language, cognition, and hearing) and swallowing, from the nervous system to the anatomy of the head and neck. A highly readable writing style makes abstract and complex material accessible to students and provides just the right amount of information to challenge yet not overwhelm students. What sets this book apart is the extensive infusion of clinical application. Each chapter begins by tying the content to the everyday clinical applications for speech-language pathologists, audiologists, and related professionals and includes clinical cases to illustrate neural functions. In addition to coverage of the main systems, this text contains chapters devoted to neuroplasticity, communication, and cognition to move beyond basic anatomy to the key principles of contemporary neuroscience and application of the concepts discussed. Additionally, explicit connections are drawn between cranial nerves, the oral mechanism examination, and clinical swallowing assessment. The clinical cases cover a variety of both pediatric and adult scenarios designed to highlight the interconnectedness of neural systems and the complexity of neurologically-based communication disorders. The cases span the breadth of clinical practice -- developmental and acquired disorders, pediatric and adult cases, and disorders of speech, language, cognition, and hearing -- and are cross-referenced with each of the other chapters for improved understanding. --
• Titolo autorizzato: Clinical Neuroscience for Communication Disorders
• ISBN: 1-63550-366-3
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910824520003321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II