Legal Aspects of Autonomous Systems : A Comparative Approach

• Autore: Moura Vicente Dário
• Pubblicazione: Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (381 pages)
• Altri autori: Soares PereiraRui Alves LealAna
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Introduction -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Autonomous Systems and Civil Liability -- Autonomous Systems and Tort Law -- 1 The Limitations of the Traditional Tort Law -- 1.1 The Centrality of Fault -- 1.2 Wrongfulness -- 1.3 Causation -- 2 The Solutions -- 2.1 Algorithm Liability -- 2.2 Strict Liability -- 2.3 The European Proposal -- References -- Violation of the Right to Be Forgotten on the Internet: Legal Overview of Tort Law Aspects -- 1 Introduction and Context -- 2 The Development of the Right to Be Forgotten -- 3 The Infringement of the Right to Be Forgotten and Its Legal Implications -- 4 Legal Overview of Tort Law Aspects -- 5 A Few Critical Remarks -- 6 Final Conclusions -- References -- Suppliers' Civil Liability for Damage Caused by Autonomous Vehicles: A Brazilian Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Two Hypothetical Scenarios and the Possible Paths for the Brazilian Law -- 3 Providing Solutions for Both Hypothetical Scenarios -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- European AI Regulation Perspectives and Trends -- 1 Background -- 2 Between Ethics and Law -- 3 Legal Regulation -- 4 The Place of Civil Liability in the AI Regulation -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Autonomous Systems, Attribution and Punishment -- The Basic Models of Criminal Liability of AI Systems and Outer Circles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Perpetration-by-Another Liability Model -- 3 The Natural Probable Consequence Liability Model -- 4 The Direct Liability Model -- 5 Coordination of the Three Liability Models -- References -- Punishing Artificial Intelligence: Legal Fiction or Science Fiction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Artificial Intelligence and Punishment -- 2.1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence -- 2.2 A Framework for Understanding AI Crime -- 2.3 A Mainstream Theory of Punishment -- 3 The Affirmative Case. ; 3.1 Consequentialist Benefits -- 3.2 Expressive Considerations -- 4 Retributive and Conceptual Limitations -- 4.1 The Eligibility Challenge -- 4.2 Further Retributivist Challenges: Reducibility -- 4.3 Not Really Punishment? -- 5 Feasible Alternatives -- 5.1 First Alternative: The Status Quo -- 5.2 Second Alternative: Minimally Extending Criminal Law -- 5.3 Third Alternative: Moderate Changes to Civil Liability -- 5.4 Concluding Thoughts -- References -- Robots and Liability: New Criteria and Attribution Methods -- 1 Introduction: Tort Law for Robots -- 2 Criteria and Methods for the Attribution of Liability in National Law -- 2.1 Application of Consumer Law Regulations -- 2.2 Application of General Civil Liability Regulations -- 3 Criteria and Methods for Attribution of Legal Liability in European Law -- 3.1 European Parliament Resolution of 16 February 2017 with Recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics -- 3.2 European Parliament Resolution of 20 October 2020 with Recommendations to the Commission on a Civil Liability Regime for Artificial Intelligence -- 3.3 Proposal of 21 April 2002 for an Artificial Intelligence Act -- 3.4 Proposal of 28 September 2022 for an AI Liability Directive -- 4 Conclusions -- 4.1 Protecting the Victims of AI Systems -- 4.2 An Urgent Need for Regulation -- 4.3 Risk Must Be a Determining Factor in the Liability Attribution System -- 4.4 A Strict Liability Criterion in Cases of High-Risk AI Systems Must Be Regulated -- 4.5 Fine-Tuning the Application of the Rules in the Absence of Specific Regulation -- References -- Self-Driving Cars and Criminal Law -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Problem of the Tragic Choice: The Main Barrier to the Introduction of the Self-Driving Cars? -- 3 A Few Cases -- 3.1 Case One -- 3.2 Case Two -- 3.3 Case Three -- 3.4 Case Four -- 3.5 Case Five. ; 4 State of the Discussion and Main Challenges -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Autonomous Systems and Wrongdoing: Revisiting the Meaning of Wrongdoing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Wrongdoing and Civil Liability -- 2.1 Wrongdoing and Tort Liability -- 2.2 Wrongdoing and Other Non-contractual Civil Liability Situations -- 2.3 The Meanings of Wrongdoing Relevant for Damage Caused by Autonomous Systems -- 3 Wrongdoing and Criminal Liability -- 3.1 Traditional Perspectives on the Criminal Concept of Wrongdoing -- 3.2 Criminal Wrongdoing as Violation of the Duties of Cooperation that Derive from the Status of Citizen -- 4 Wrongdoing of the Citizen and Situations of Criminal Liability for Wrongful Results Caused by Autonomous Systems -- 4.1 Resemblances to Duff's Normative Theory of Criminal Law and of Criminalization and the Link to the Status of Citizen -- 4.2 Resemblances to Liability Systems that Do Not Distinguish Between Wrongfulness and Fault -- 4.3 Difficulties in Solving Criminal Liability Situations for Damage or Wrongful Results Caused by Autonomous Systems -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Algorithmic Protection of the Core Area of Private Life. On the Deployment of Artificial Intelligence in Computer and Network Surveillance as a Duty of the State -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Computer and Network Surveillance as Criminal Procedural Interference with Fundamental Rights -- 3 The Fundamental Right to the Guarantee of Confidentiality and Integrity of Information Technology Systems and Its Essence -- 3.1 The Fundamental Right to the Guarantee of Confidentiality and Integrity of Information Technology Systems -- 3.2 On the Essence: The Core Area of Private Life -- 4 What is Deep Learning and What Can It Do? -- 5 Deep Learning in Computer and Network Surveillance-Already a State Duty? -- 5.1 Deep Learning in the Proportionality Assessment. ; 5.2 Is the Application of Deep Learning in the Course of Computer and Network Surveillance Already a Duty of the State? -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- The Spread of Fake News by Social Bots: Perspectives on Social Bot Regulation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What Are Social Bots? -- 3 Are Social Bots Dangerous? -- 4 Are There Solutions to the Identification Problem? -- 4.1 The Technical Approach -- 4.2 The Normative Approaches -- 5 Is There a Way Out of the Authoritarian Path? -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Autonomous Systems and Decision-Making -- Judicial Power Without Judicial Responsibility: The Case Against Robot Judges -- 1 Introduction -- 2 It Is Possible to Do It? -- 2.1 Preliminary Remarks -- 2.2 The Goal: Good Judicial Decisions -- 2.3 A Goal that is Unattainable from the Outset? -- 2.4 Interim Conclusion -- 3 Is It Admissible to Do It? -- 3.1 Positive Law Obstacles? -- 3.2 Pre-positive Obstacles: Incompatibility with the Nature of Law? -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Regulating Judge Artificial Intelligence (AI) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Machine Learning -- 3 Expert Judge AI Systems -- 4 To What Extent Will Human Judging Be Retained? -- 5 Emotion and Judging -- 6 What Cases? -- 7 Ethical Frameworks for Judge AI -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Artificial Intelligence, Probabilities and Evidence -- 1 Why Do Probabilities (May) Matter? -- 2 Many Probabilities: The (Possible) Case for a Subjective Interpretation of Probabilities in a Legal Context -- 3 Bayes' Theorem -- 4 A Case Study (Legionella) -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Creative Machines-Machine Learning Models, Copyright, and Computational Creativity -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 A Short Story of AI Art -- 1.2 Context of the Discussion -- 1.3 Structure of This Chapter -- 2 Terminology: Autonomy and the Creative Process -- 2.1 Trying to Define Autonomy. ; 2.2 The Creative Process -- 3 Machine Learning Models and the Creative Process -- 3.1 High-Level Overview of Machine Learning Systems -- 3.2 Using Machine Learning Models in the Creative Process -- 4 Machine Learning Art and (German) Copyright -- 4.1 Copyright Protection in Germany -- 4.2 Copyright Protection for Machine Learning Output -- 4.3 Application of the Three-Step-Test -- 5 Computational Creativity -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Autonomous Systems and Contracts -- Blockchain(s), Smart Contracts and Intellectual Property -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency and Blockchains -- 3 Smart Contracts: Definition and Historical Background -- 4 Blockchain and Smart Contracts IP Applications -- 4.1 Registration and Proof of Provenance -- 4.2 IP Rights Management -- 4.3 Enforcement and Combating Counterfeit -- 5 Current Problems -- 5.1 Technological Feasibility -- 5.2 IP Problems -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Algorithms, Creditworthiness, and Lending Decisions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Legal Discourse on Algorithms and Regulatory Models -- 3 Alternative Data: Panacea or Curse? -- 4 Prejudice and Distrust Towards Algorithms. A Deconstruction -- 4.1 The Argument of the "Discriminatory Effect" -- 4.2 The Argument of the "Harmful Effect" -- 4.3 The Argument of the "Multiplier Effect" -- 5 Opacity and Decision-Making -- 6 The Lending Decision and the Creditworthiness Assessment -- 7 Credit Scoring: The Score as a Measure of Trust -- 8 Refusal of Credit and Cut Credit Decisions. When "No" Is Not An Answer -- 9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Blockchain, Currency and Systemic Issues -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conventional Monetary Objects and Cryptocurrencies -- 2.1 Conventional Monetary Objects -- 2.2 Cryptocurrencies -- 2.3 Differences and Similarities -- 2.4 Risks. ; 3 Applicability of the Legal Framework Governing Conventional Monetary Objects to Cryptocurrencies.
• Titolo autorizzato: Legal Aspects of Autonomous Systems
• ISBN: 3-031-47946-7
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910799225303321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Data Science, Machine Intelligence, and Law Series