Diseases and conditions in dentistry : an evidence-based reference / / Keyvan Moharamzadeh

• Autore: Moharamzadeh Keyvan
• Pubblicazione: Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , 2018
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (394 pages)
• Disciplina: 617.522
• Soggetto topico: Mouth - Diseases; Oral medicine
• Soggetto non controllato: Evidence-Based Medicine; Dentistry; Medical
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Preface xxi; Glossary xxv; About the Companion Website xxix; 1 Geometrical Optics 1; 1.1 Geometrical Optics -- Ray and Wave Optics 1; 1.2 Fermat's Principle and the Eikonal Equation 2; 1.3 Sequential Geometrical Optics -- A Generalised Description 3; 1.4 Behaviour of Simple Optical Components and Surfaces 10; 1.5 Paraxial Approximation and Gaussian Optics 15; 1.6 Matrix Ray Tracing 16; Further Reading 21; 2 Apertures Stops and Simple Instruments 23; 2.1 Function of Apertures and Stops 23; 2.2 Aperture Stops, Chief, and Marginal Rays 23; 2.3 Entrance Pupil and Exit Pupil 25; 2.4 Telecentricity 27; 2.5 Vignetting 27; 2.6 Field Stops and Other Stops 28; 2.7 Tangential and Sagittal Ray Fans 28; 2.8 Two Dimensional Ray Fans and Anamorphic Optics 28; 2.9 Optical Invariant and Lagrange Invariant 30; 2.10 Eccentricity Variable 31; 2.11 Image Formation in Simple Optical Systems 31; Further Reading 36; 3 Monochromatic Aberrations 37; 3.1 Introduction 37; 3.2 Breakdown of the Paraxial Approximation and Third Order Aberrations 37; 3.3 Aberration and Optical Path Difference 41; 3.4 General Third Order Aberration Theory 46; 3.5 Gauss-Seidel Aberrations 47; 3.6 Summary of Third Order Aberrations 55; Further Reading 58; 4 Aberration Theory and Chromatic Aberration 59; 4.1 General Points 59; 4.2 Aberration Due to a Single Refractive Surface 60; 4.3 Reflection from a Spherical Mirror 64; 4.4 Refraction Due to Optical Components 67; 4.5 The Effect of Pupil Position on Element Aberration 78; 4.6 Abbe Sine Condition 81; 4.7 Chromatic Aberration 83; 4.8 Hierarchy of Aberrations 92; Further Reading 94; 5 Aspheric Surfaces and Zernike Polynomials 95; 5.1 Introduction 95; 5.2 Aspheric Surfaces 95; 5.3 Zernike Polynomials 100; Further Reading 109; 6 Diffraction, Physical Optics, and Image Quality 111; 6.1 Introduction 111; 6.2 The Eikonal Equation 112; 6.3 Huygens Wavelets and the Diffraction Formulae 112; 6.4 Diffraction in the Fraunhofer Approximation 115; 6.5 Diffraction in an Optical System -- the Airy Disc 116; 6.6 The Impact of Aberration on System Resolution 120; 6.7 Laser Beam Propagation 123; 6.8 Fresnel Diffraction 130; 6.9 Diffraction and Image Quality 132; Further Reading 138; 7 Radiometry and Photometry 139; 7.1 Introduction 139; 7.2 Radiometry 139; 7.3 Scattering of Light from Rough Surfaces 146; 7.4 Scattering of Light from Smooth Surfaces 147; 7.5 Radiometry and Object Field Illumination 151; 7.6 Radiometric Measurements 155; 7.7 Photometry 158; Further Reading 166; 8 Polarisation and Birefringence 169; 8.1 Introduction 169; 8.2 Polarisation 170; 8.3 Birefringence 178; 8.4 Polarisation Devices 187; 8.5 Analysis of Polarisation Components 191; 8.6 Stress-induced Birefringence 196; Further Reading 197; 9 Optical Materials 199; 9.1 Introduction 199; 9.2 Refractive Properties of Optical Materials 200; 9.3 Transmission Characteristics of Materials 212; 9.4 Thermomechanical Properties 215; 9.5 Material Quality 219; 9.6 Exposure to Environmental Attack 221; 9.7 Material Processing 221; Further Reading 222; 10 Coatings and Filters 223; 10.1 Introduction 223; 10.2 Properties of Thin Films 223; 10.3 Filters 232; 10.4 Design of Thin Film Filters 244; 10.5 Thin Film Materials 246; 10.6 Thin Film Deposition Processes 247; Further Reading 250; 11 Prisms and Dispersion Devices 251; 11.1 Introduction 251; 11.2 Prisms 251; 11.3 Analysis of Diffraction Gratings 257; 11.4 Diffractive Optics 273; 11.5 Grating Fabrication 274; Further Reading 276; 12 Lasers and Laser Applications 277; 12.1 Introduction 277; 12.2 Stimulated Emission Schemes 279; 12.3 Laser Cavities 284; 12.4 Taxonomy of Lasers 293; 12.5 List of Laser Types 298; 12.6 Laser Applications 301; Further Reading 308; 13 Optical Fibres and Waveguides 309; 13.1 Introduction 309; 13.2 Geometrical Description of Fibre Propagation 310; 13.3 Waveguides and Modes 317; 13.4 Single Mode Optical Fibres 324; 13.5 Optical Fibre Materials 329; 13.6 Coupling of Light into Fibres 330; 13.7 Fibre Splicing and Connection 334; 13.8 Fibre Splitters, Combiners, and Couplers 335; 13.9 Polarisation and Polarisation Maintaining Fibres 335; 13.10 Focal Ratio Degradation 336; 13.11 Periodic Structures in Fibres 336; 13.12 Fibre Manufacture 338; 13.13 Fibre Applications 339; Further Reading 339; 14 Detectors 341; 14.1 Introduction 341; 14.2 Detector Types 341; 14.3 Noise in Detectors 354; 14.4 Radiometry and Detectors 364; 14.5 Array Detectors in Instrumentation 365; Further Reading 368; 15 Optical Instrumentation -- Imaging Devices 369; 15.1 Introduction 369; 15.2 The Design of Eyepieces 370; 15.3 Microscope Objectives 378; 15.4 Telescopes 381; 15.5 Camera Systems 392; Further Reading 405; 16 Interferometers and Related Instruments 407; 16.1 Introduction 407; 16.2 Background 407; 16.3 Classical Interferometers 409; 16.4 Calibration 418; 16.5 Interferometry and Null Tests 420; 16.6 Interferometry and Phase Shifting 425; 16.7 Miscellaneous Characterisation Techniques 426; Further Reading 433; 17 Spectrometers and Related Instruments 435; 17.1 Introduction 435; 17.2 Basic Spectrometer Designs 436; 17.3 Time Domain Spectrometry 454; Further Reading 457; 18 Optical Design 459; 18.1 Introduction 459; 18.2 Design Philosophy 461; 18.3 Optical Design Tools 467; 18.4 Non-Sequential Modelling 487; 18.5 Afterword 495; Further Reading 495; 19 Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Modelling 497; 19.1 Introduction 497; 19.2 Basic Elastic Theory 498; 19.3 Basic Analysis of Mechanical Distortion 501; 19.4 Basic Analysis of Thermo-Mechanical Distortion 517; 19.5 Finite Element Analysis 525; Further Reading 529; 20 Optical Component Manufacture 531; 20.1 Introduction 531; 20.2 Conventional Figuring of Optical Surfaces 532; 20.3 Specialist Shaping and Polishing Techniques 539; 20.4 Diamond Machining 541; 20.5 Edging and Bonding 547; 20.6 Form Error and Surface Roughness 550; 20.7 Standards and Drawings 551; Further Reading 557; 21 System Integration and Alignment 559; 21.1 Introduction 559; 21.2 Component Mounting 561; 21.3 Op.
• Sommario/riassunto: "Diseases and Conditions in Dentistry: An Evidence-Based Reference is the ideal, one-stop guide for dentistry clinicians to keep at their side. Provides a quick reference for the busy clinician covering diseases and conditions in endodontics, periodontics, prosthodontics and restorative dentistry. Offers identically formatted chapters following the same clear and concise layout with detailed clinical cases and evidence-based discussions. Features a companion website with additional clinical photographs, radiographs, and case notes"--Provided by publisher.
• Titolo autorizzato: Diseases and conditions in dentistry
• ISBN: 1-119-31211-6; 1-119-31207-8; 1-119-31209-4
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910270881603321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II