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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNISA996464519103316"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Ang Clifford S."]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Analyzing financial data and implementing financial models using R / / Clifford S. Ang"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2021"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"3-030-64155-4"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[2nd ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (476 pages)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Springer Texts in Business and Economics"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"332"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Risk management"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Economics, Mathematical"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Statistics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"R (Computer program language)"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Includes index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Prices -- 1.1 Price Versus Value -- 1.2 Importing Price Data from Yahoo Finance -- 1.3 Checking the Data -- 1.3.1 Check the Start and End Data -- 1.3.2 Plotting the Data -- 1.3.3 Checking the Dimension -- 1.3.4 Outputting Summary Statistics -- 1.3.5 Checking the Ticker Symbol -- 1.4 Basic Data Manipulation Techniques -- 1.4.1 Keeping and Deleting One Row -- 1.4.2 Keeping First and Last Rows -- 1.4.3 Keeping Contiguous Rows -- 1.4.4 Keeping One Column -- 1.4.5 Deleting One Column -- 1.4.6 Keeping Non-Contiguous Columns -- 1.4.7 Keeping Contiguous Columns -- 1.4.8 Keeping Contiguous and Non-Contiguous Columns -- 1.4.9 Keeping Rows and Columns -- 1.4.10 Subsetting Time Series Data Using Dates -- 1.4.11 Converting to Weekly Prices -- 1.4.12 Converting to Monthly Prices -- 1.5 Comparing Capital Gains Between Securities -- 1.5.1 Alternative 1-Using xts-Style Chart -- 1.5.2 Alternative 2-Plotting Four Mini-Charts -- 1.5.3 Alternative 3-Using ggplot to Plot FourMini-Charts -- 1.6 Simple and Exponential Moving Averages -- 1.7 Volume-Weighted Average Price -- 1.8 Plotting a Candlestick Chart -- 1.9 2-Axis Price and Volume Chart -- 1.10 Further Reading -- References -- 2 Individual Security Returns -- 2.1 Price Returns -- 2.2 Total Returns -- 2.3 Logarithmic Total Returns -- 2.4 Winsorization and Truncation -- 2.5 Cumulating Multi-Day Returns -- 2.5.1 Cumulating Arithmetic Returns -- 2.5.2 Cumulating "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Logarithmic Returns -- 2.5.3 Comparing Price Return and Total Return -- 2.6 Weekly Returns -- 2.7 Monthly Returns -- 2.8 Comparing Performance of Multiple Securities -- 2.8.1 Using Normalized Prices -- 2.8.2 Using Cumulative Returns -- 3 Portfolio Returns -- 3.1 Portfolio Returns the Long Way -- 3.2 Portfolio Returns Using Matrix Algebra -- 3.3 Constructing Benchmark Portfolio Returns."]
[{"$nulls":4},"3.3.1 Quarterly Returns the Long Way -- 3.3.2 Quarterly Returns the Shorter Way -- 3.3.3 Equal-Weighted Portfolio -- 3.3.4 Value-Weighted Portfolio -- 3.3.5 Daily Portfolio Returns -- 3.4 Time-Weighted Rate of Return -- 3.5 Money-Weighted Rate of Return -- 3.6 Further Reading -- Reference -- 4 Risk -- 4.1 Risk-Return Trade-Off -- 4.2 Individual Security Risk -- 4.2.1 Standard Deviation and Variance -- 4.3 Portfolio Risk -- 4.3.1 Two Assets Using Manual Approach -- 4.3.2 Two Assets Using Matrix Algebra -- 4.3.3 Multiple Assets -- 4.4 Value-at-Risk -- 4.4.1 Gaussian VaR -- 4.4.2 Historical VaR -- 4.5 Expected Shortfall -- 4.5.1 Gaussian ES -- 4.5.2 Historical ES -- 4.5.3 Comparing VaR and ES -- 4.6 Alternative Risk Measures -- 4.6.1 Parkinson -- 4.6.2 Garman-Klass -- 4.6.3 Rogers, Satchell, and Yoon -- 4.6.4 Yang and Zhang -- 4.6.5 Comparing the Risk Measures -- 4.7 Further Reading -- References -- 5 Factor Models -- 5.1 CAPM -- 5.2 Market Model -- 5.3 Rolling Window Regressions -- 5.4 Betas on Different Reference Days -- 5.5 Fama-French Three Factor Model -- 5.6 Testing for Heteroskedasticity -- 5.7 Testing for Non-Normality -- 5.8 Testing for Autocorrelation -- 5.9 Event Studies -- 5.9.1 Example: Drop in Tesla Stock After 1Q 2019 Earnings Release on April 24, 2019 -- 5.9.2 Single Step Event Study -- 5.9.3 Two Stage Event Study -- 5.9.4 Sample Quantiles/Non-Parametric -- 5.10 Selecting Best Regression Variables -- 5.10.1 Create Dataset of Returns -- 5.10.2 Forward Step Approach -- 5.10.3 Backward Step Approach -- 5.10.4 Suppressing Steps in Output -- 5.11 Further Reading -- References -- 6 Risk-Adjusted Portfolio Performance Measures -- 6.1 Portfolio and Benchmark Data -- 6.2 Sharpe Ratio -- 6.3 Roy's Safety First Ratio -- 6.4 Treynor Ratio -- 6.5 Sortino Ratio -- 6.6 Information Ratio -- 6.7 Combining Results -- 6.8 Further Reading -- References."]
[{"$nulls":4},"7 Markowitz Mean-Variance Optimization -- 7.1 Two Assets the Long Way -- 7.2 Two Assets Using Quadratic Programming -- 7.3 Multiple Assets Using Quadratic Programming -- 7.4 Effect of Allowing Short Selling -- 7.5 Further Reading -- References -- 8 Equities -- 8.1 Company Financials -- 8.2 Projections -- 8.2.1 Projecting Based on Historical Trends -- 8.2.2 Analyzing Projections Prepared by Third Parties -- 8.2.3 Analyzing Growth Rates Embedded in Projections -- 8.2.4 Analyzing Projections Using Regression Analysis -- 8.3 Equity Risk Premium -- 8.4 Unlevering Betas -- 8.5 Sensitivity Analysis -- 8.6 Relative Valuation Using Regression Analysis -- 8.7 Identifying Significant Shifts in Stock Returns -- 8.7.1 t-Test: Testing Difference in Average Returns -- 8.7.2 Identifying Breakpoints -- 8.7.3 Chow Test -- 8.7.4 Test Equality of Two Betas -- 8.8 Further Reading -- References -- 9 Fixed Income -- 9.1 Economic Analysis -- 9.1.1 Real GDP -- 9.1.2 Unemployment Rate -- 9.1.3 Inflation Rate -- 9.2 US Treasuries -- 9.2.1 Shape of the US Treasury Yield Curve -- 9.2.2 Slope of the US Treasury Yield Curve -- 9.2.3 Real Yields on US Treasuries -- 9.2.4 Expected Inflation Rates -- 9.2.5 Mean Reversion -- 9.3 Principal Components Analysis -- 9.4 Investment Grade Bond Spreads -- 9.4.1 Time Series of Spreads -- 9.4.2 Spreads and Real GDP Growth -- 9.5 Bond Valuation -- 9.5.1 Valuing Bonds with Known Yield to Maturity -- 9.5.2 Bond Valuation Function -- 9.5.3 Finding the Yield to Maturity -- 9.6 Duration and Convexity -- 9.6.1 Calculating Duration and Convexity -- 9.6.2 Duration and Convexity Functions -- 9.6.3 "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Comparing Estimates of Value to Full Valuation -- 9.7 Short Rate Models -- 9.7.1 Vasicek -- 9.7.2 Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross -- 9.8 Further Reading -- References -- 10 Options -- 10.1 Obtaining Options Chain Data -- 10.2 Black-Scholes-Merton Options Pricing Model."]
[{"$nulls":4},"10.2.1 BSM Function -- 10.2.2 Put-Call Parity -- 10.2.3 The Greeks -- 10.3 Implied Volatility -- 10.3.1 Implied Volatility Function -- 10.3.2 Volatility Smile -- 10.3.3 Gauging Market Risk -- 10.4 The Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein Binomial OPM -- 10.4.1 CRR: The Long Way -- 10.4.2 CRR Function -- 10.5 American Option Pricing -- 10.5.1 CRR Binomial Tree -- 10.5.2 Bjerksund-Stensland Approximation -- 10.6 Further Reading -- References -- 11 Simulation -- 11.1 Simulating Stock Prices Using Geometric Brownian Motion -- 11.1.1 Simulating Multiple Ending Stock Price Paths -- 11.1.2 Comparing Theoretical to Empirical Distributions -- 11.2 Simulating Stock Prices with and Without Dividends -- 11.3 Simulating Stocks with Correlated Prices -- 11.4 Value-at-Risk Using Simulation -- 11.5 Monte Carlo Pricing of European Options -- 11.6 Monte Carlo Option Pricing Using Antithetic Variables -- 11.7 Exotic Option Valuation -- 11.7.1 Asian Options -- 11.7.2 Lookback Options -- 11.7.3 Barrier Options -- 11.8 Further Reading -- References -- 12 Trading Strategies -- 12.1 Efficient Markets Hypothesis -- 12.1.1 Autocorrelation Test -- 12.1.2 Variance Ratio Test -- 12.1.3 Runs Test -- 12.2 Technical Analysis -- 12.2.1 Trend: Simple Moving Average Crossover -- 12.2.2 Volatility: Bollinger Bands -- 12.2.3 Momentum: Relative Strength Index -- 12.3 Building a Simple Trading Strategy -- 12.4 Machine Learning Techniques -- 12.4.1 General Steps to Apply ML -- 12.4.2 k-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm -- 12.4.3 Regression and k-Fold Cross Validation -- 12.4.4 Artificial Neural Networks -- 12.5 Further Reading -- References -- A Getting Started with R -- A.1 Installing R -- A.2 The R Working Directory -- A.3 R Console Output -- A.4 R Editor -- A.5 Packages -- A.6 Basic Commands -- A.7 The R Workspace -- A.8 Vectors -- A.9 Combining Vectors -- A.10 Matrices -- A.11 data.frame."]
[{"$nulls":4},"A.12 Date Formats -- B Pre-Loaded Code -- C Constructing a Hypothetical Portfolio (Monthly Returns) -- D Constructing a Hypothetical Portfolio (Daily Returns) -- Index."]