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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNISA996201181803316"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Kato Junko <1961->"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"The problem of bureaucratic rationality : tax politics in Japan / / Junko Kato"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Princeton, N.J., : Princeton University Press, c1994"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-282-75212-X"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786612752124"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-4008-2155-X"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-4008-1226-7"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (342 pages)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"354.520072/4"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Bureaucracy - Japan"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Civil service - Japan"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Taxation - Japan"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Description based upon print version of record."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references (p. 287-303) and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Front matter -- Contents -- Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Note on Conventions -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- CHAPTER ONE. Bureaucratic Rationality and Strategic Behavior: The Framework -- CHAPTER TWO. Bureaucratic Rationality and Strategic Behavior: Japanese Tax Reform -- CHAPTER THREE0. Lessons for Bureaucrats: From the Proposal for a Tax Increase in the Late 1970's to Fiscal Reconstruction without a Tax Increase in the Early 1980's -- CHAPTER FOUR. Reframing the Tax Issue: The Ministry of Finance's Fiscal and Tax Policies in the Early 1980's -- CHAPTER FIVE. The Tax Reform Proposal in the mid-1980's: Uneasy Cooperation between Prime Minister Nakasone and the Ministry of Finance -- CHAPTER SIX. The Third Attempt: Introduction of the Consumption Tax and the Securities Trading Scandal -- CHAPTER SEVEN. Conclusion: Bureaucracy, Party, and the Power of Rationality -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chronology of the Tax Reform Process from 1975 to 1991 -- Index"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Through a detailed account of the political battles over Japanese tax reform during the last two decades, Junko Kato draws an unconventional portrait of bureaucratic motivation, showing how fiscal bureaucrats exploit their unique technical knowledge to influence policymaking. Rejecting the notion that the monopolization of policy expertise leads to bureaucratic domination, Kato contends that "]
[{"$nulls":4},"bureaucrats seek to increase their influence upon politicians by strategically sharing information. She also explores the reason for the relative strength of the bureaucratic organization in comparison to the governing party, whose interest in reelections and intra-party politics may pose dilemmas for individual politicians.In 1989, the Japanese Diet enacted a broad-based consumption tax after two failed attempts and in the face of widespread public disapproval. Its passage was all the more remarkable for coming just as a series of dramatic financial scandals had begun to undermine popular support for the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, fore-shadowing its fall from power four years later. Kato argues that skillful maneuvering by the Ministry of Finance, determined to ensure stable long-term revenues, was decisive in persuading a majority of legislators to oppose their constituents in endorsing an unpopular program of tax reform. Her careful analysis of the Japanese case holds important implications for the study of bureaucratic power and public policy in advanced industrial democracies elsewhere in East Asia and the West."]
[null,"2.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910780794903321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Gitlin Jay"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"The bourgeois frontier [[electronic resource] ] : French towns, French traders, and American expansion / / Jay Gitlin"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"New Haven, : Yale University Press, 2009"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-282-35245-8"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786612352454"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0-300-15576-X"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (1 online resource (xiv, 269 p.) ) : ill., maps"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"The Lamar Series in Western History"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"978/.01"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"French - West (U.S.) - History"]
[{"$nulls":4},"French Americans - West (U.S.) - History"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Frontier and pioneer life - West (U.S.)"]
[{"$nulls":4},"West (U.S.) Ethnic relations"]
[{"$nulls":4},"West (U.S.) History"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Maps -- Introduction. The Vanquished and the Vanishing -- 1. Constructing the House of Chouteau: St. Louis -- 2. \"We are well off that there are no Virginians in this quarter: The Two Wests from 1763 to 1803 -- 3. Surviving the Transition to American Rule -- 4. How the West Was Sold -- 5. Beyond St. Louis: Negotiating the Course of Empire -- 6. Managing the Tribe of Chouteau -- 7. \"Avec bien du regret\": The Americanization of Creole St. Louis and French Detroit -- 8 \"La Confédération Perdue\": The Legacy of Francophone Culture in Mid-America -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Index"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Histories tend to emphasize conquest by Anglo-Americans as the driving force behind the development of the American West. In this fresh interpretation, Jay Gitlin argues that the activities of the French are crucial to understanding the phenomenon of westward expansion.The Seven Years War brought an end to the French colonial enterprise in North America, but the French in towns such as New Orleans, St. Louis, and Detroit survived the transition to American rule. French traders from Mid-America such as the Chouteaus and Robidouxs of St. Louis then became agents of change in the West, perfecting a strategy of \"middle grounding\" by pursuing alliances within Indian and Mexican "]
[{"$nulls":4},"communities in advance of American settlement and re-investing fur trade profits in land, town sites, banks, and transportation. The Bourgeois Frontier provides the missing French connection between the urban Midwest and western expansion."]