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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA990001619280403321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Sutton, Francis"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Manuel systematique d' analyse chimique volumetrique / Francis Sutton"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Paris : G. Masson, 1883"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"555 p. ; 22 cm"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"545.2"]
[null,null,"Locazione",null,"FAGBC"]
[null,null,"Collocazione",null,"60 545 B 3"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Francese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,"2.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910586582803321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Rosenberg Arnold L. <1941->"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Understanding computation : pillars, paradigms, principles / / Arnold L. Rosenberg and Lenwood S. Heath"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer International Publishing, , [2022]"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2022"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"3-031-10055-7"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (577 pages)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Texts in Computer Science"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"511.3"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Computational complexity"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Computational complexity - Data processing"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Part I INTRODUCTION -- Chapter 1 Introducing Computation Theory -- 1.1 The Autobiographical (ALR) Seeds of Our Framework -- 1.1.1 Computation by \"Shapeless\" Agents and Devices -- 1.1.2 Computation Theory as a Study of Computation -- 1.2 The Highlights of Our Framework: How We Tell the Story -- 1.3 Why Is a New Computation Theory Text Needed? -- Chapter 2 Introducing the Book -- 2.1 Computation Theory as a Branch of Discrete Mathematics -- 2.1.1 Dynamism Within Traditional Mathematics -- 2.1.2 Discrete Mathematics with Computational Objects -- 2.2 The Four Pillars of Computation Theory -- 2.2.1 Pillar S: STATE -- 2.2.2 Pillar E: ENCODING -- 2.2.3 Pillar N: NONDETERMINISM -- 2.2.4 Pillar P: PRESENTATION/SPECIFICATION -- 2.2.5 Summing Up -- 2.3 A Map of the Book by Chapter -- 2.4 Ways of Using this Book -- 2.4.1 As a Text for a \"Classical\" Theory Course -- 2.4.2 As a Primary Text: \"Big Ideas in Computation\" -- 2.4.3 As a Supplemental Text: \"Theoretical Aspects of-\" -- 2.5 Tools for Using the Book -- Part II Pillar S: STATE -- Chapter 3 Pure State-Based Computational Models -- 3.1 Online Automata and Their Languages -- 3.1.1 Basics of the OA Model -- 3.1.2 Preparing to Understand the Notion State -- 3.1.3 A Myhill-Nerode-like Theorem for OAs -- 3.2 Finite Automata and Regular Languages -- 3.2.1 Overview and History -- 3.2.2 Perspectives on Finite Automata -- 3.2.3 Why FAs Get Confused: a Consequence of Finiteness -- Chapter 4 The Myhill-Nerode Theorem: Implications and Applications -- 4.1 The Myhill-Nerode Theorem for FAs -- 4.1.1 The Theorem: States Are Equivalence Classes -- 4.1.2 What Do ≡L- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Equivalence Classes Look Like? -- 4.2 Sample Applications of the Myhill-Nerode Theorem -- 4.2.1 Proving that Languages Are Not Regular -- 4.2.2 On Minimizing Finite Automata -- 4.2.3 Two-Way (Offline) Finite Automata."]
[{"$nulls":4},"4.2.4 ⊕ Finite Automata with Probabilistic Transitions -- 4.2.5 ⊕ State as a Memory-Constraining Resource -- Chapter 5 Online Turing Machines and the Implications of Online Computing -- 5.1 Online Turing Machines: Realizations of Infinite OAs -- 5.1.1 OTMs with Abstract Storage Devices -- 5.1.2 OTMs with Linear Tapes for Storage -- 5.2 The Nature of Online Computing -- 5.2.1 Online TMs with Multiple Complex Tapes -- 5.2.2 An Information-Retrieval Problem as a Language -- 5.2.3 The Impact of Tape Structure on Memory Locality -- 5.2.4 Tape Dimensionality and the Time Complexity of LDB -- Chapter 6 Pumping: Computational Pigeonholes in Finitary Systems -- 6.1 Introduction and Synopsis -- 6.2 Pumping in Algebraic Settings -- 6.3 Pumping in Regular Languages -- 6.3.1 Pumping in General Regular Languages -- 6.3.2 Pumping in Regular Tally Languages -- 6.4 Pumping in a Robotic Setting: a Mobile FA on a Mesh -- 6.4.1 The Mesh Mn and Its Subdivisions -- 6.4.2 The Mobile Finite Automaton (MFA) Model -- 6.4.3 An Inherent Limitation on Solo Autonomous MFAs -- Chapter 7 Mobility in Computing: An FA Navigates a Mesh -- 7.1 Introduction and Synopsis -- 7.2 MFAs That Compute in Read-Only Mode -- 7.2.1 How an MFA Can Exploit the Structure of Its Host Mesh -- 7.2.2 Solo MFAs Scalably Recognize Non-Regular Languages -- 7.3 MFAs as Object-Transporting Robots -- 7.3.1 Reversing M's Top-Row Pattern to Its Bottom Row -- 7.3.2 ⊕ Rotating M's Top-Row Pattern to Its Bottom Row -- 7.3.3 Algorithms that Circumnavigate M's \"Walls\" -- Chapter 8 The Power of Cooperation: Teams of MFAs on a Mesh -- 8.1 Basics of MFA Teams -- 8.2 Strictly Coupled MFAs: Parallelism with No Added Power -- 8.3 Synchronized Computing: A 2-MFA Recognizes {a^k b^k} -- 8.4 Queued Computing: MFAs Proceed Through a Pipeline -- 8.4.1 The \"Standard\" Form of Pipelining."]
[{"$nulls":4},"8.4.2 Streaming a Pipeline/Queue of Agents -- 8.5 Ushered Computing: Two MFAs Sweep a Mesh-Quadrant -- 8.6 Sentry-Enabled Computing: MFAs Identify Home Wedges -- Part III Pillar E: ENCODING -- Chapter 9 Countability and Uncountability: The Precursors of ENCODING -- 9.1 Encoding Functions and Proofs of Countability -- 9.2 Diagonalization: Proofs of Uncountability -- 9.3 Where Has (Un)Countability Led Us? -- Chapter 10 Computability Theory -- 10.1 Introduction and History -- 10.1.1 Formalizing Mathematical Reasoning -- 10.1.2 Abstract Computational Models: the Church-Turing Thesis -- 10.1.3 Thinking About Thinking About Computation -- 10.2 Preliminaries -- 10.2.1 Computational Problems as Formal Languages -- 10.2.2 Functions and Partial Functions -- 10.2.3 Self-Referential Programs: Interpreters and Compilers -- 10.3 The Halting Problem: The \"Oldest\" Unsolvable Problem -- 10.3.1 The Halting Problem Is Semisolvable but Not Solvable -- 10.3.2 Why We Care About the Halting Problem-An Example -- 10.4 Mapping Reducibility -- 10.4.1 Basic Properties of m-Reducibility -- 10.4.2 The s-m-n Theorem: An Invaluable Source of Encodings -- 10.5 The Rice-Myhill-Shapiro Theorem -- 10.6 Complete-or \"Hardest\"-Semidecidable Problems -- 10.7 Some Important Limitations of Computability -- Chapter 11 A Church-Turing Zoo of Computational Models -- 11.1 The Church-Turing Thesis and Universal Models -- 11.2 Universality in Simplified OTMs -- 11.2.1 An OTM with a One-Ended Worktape -- 11.2.2 An OTM with Two Stacks Instead of a Worktape -- 11.2.3 An OTM with a FIFO Queue Instead of a Worktape -- 11.2.4 An OTM with a \"Paper\" Worktape -- 11.2.5 ⊕ An OTM with Registers Instead of a Worktape -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"11.2.6 ⊕ A Mobile FA on a Semi-Infinite Mesh -- 11.3 Enhanced OTMs that Are No More Powerful than OTMs -- 11.3.1 An OTM Which Has Several Linear Worktapes."]
[{"$nulls":4},"11.3.2 An OTM Having Multidimensional Worktapes -- 11.3.3 An OTM Having a \"Random-Access\" Worktape -- 11.4 ⊕ Models Outside the Classical Mold -- 11.4.1 Cellular Automata and Kindred Models -- 11.4.2 TMs as Volunteers -- Simulation by Dovetailing -- 11.5 Learning from the Zoo -- Chapter 12 Pairing Functions as Encoding Mechanisms -- 12.1 PFs as Storage Mappings for Extendible Arrays/Tables -- 12.1.1 Insights on PFs via the Cauchy-Cantor Diagonal PF -- 12.1.2 PFs for Extendible Fixed-Aspect-Ratio Arrays -- 12.1.3 The Issue of PF Compactness -- 12.1.4 ⊕⊕ Extendible Storage Mappings via Hashing -- 12.2 Pairing Functions and Volunteer Computing -- 12.2.1 Basic Questions About Additive PFs -- 12.2.2 ⊕ APFs that Have Desirable Computational Properties -- Part IV Pillar N: NONDETERMINISM -- Chapter 13 Nondeterminism as Unbounded Parallelism -- 13.1 Nondeterministic Online Automata -- 13.2 A Formal Use of Nondeterminism's Implied Parallelism -- 13.3 An Overview of Nondeterminism in Computation Theory -- Chapter 14 Nondeterministic Finite Automata -- 14.1 How Nondeterminism Impacts FA Behavior -- 14.1.1 NFAs Are No More Powerful than DFAs -- 14.1.2 Does the Subset Construction Waste DFA States? -- 14.2 An Application: the Kleene-Myhill Theorem -- 14.2.1 NFAs with Autonomous Moves -- 14.2.2 The Kleene-Myhill Theorem -- Chapter 15 Nondeterminism as Unbounded Search -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Nondeterministic Turing Machines -- 15.2.1 The NTM Model -- 15.2.2 An Unbounded Search: an OTM Simulates an NTM -- 15.3 Unbounded Search as Guess-then-Verify -- 15.4 Unbounded Search as Guess-plus-Verify -- 15.4.1 Homomorphisms on Formal Languages -- 15.4.2 ⊕ Homomorphisms and Regular Languages -- Chapter 16 Complexity Theory -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Time and Space Complexity -- 16.2.1 On Measuring Time Complexity -- 16.2.2 On Measuring Space Complexity."]
[{"$nulls":4},"16.3 Reducibility, Hardness, and Completeness -- 16.3.1 A General Look at Resource-Bounded Computation -- 16.3.2 Efficient Mapping Reducibility -- 16.3.3 Hard Problems -- Complete Problems -- 16.3.4 An NP-Complete Version of the Halting Problem -- 16.3.5 The Cook-Levin Theorem: The NP-Completeness of SAT -- 16.4 Nondeterminism and Space Complexity -- 16.4.1 Simulating Nondeterminism Space-Efficiently -- 16.4.2 Looking Beyond Savitch's Theorem -- Part V Pillar P: PRESENTATION/SPECIFICATION -- Chapter 17 The Elements of Formal Language Theory -- 17.1 Early History of Computational Language Research -- 17.1.1 The Birth of Sophisticated Programming Languages -- 17.2 Elaborating on the Elements of Formal Languages -- 17.2.1 Language Generation via Formal Grammars -- 17.2.2 Closure Properties of Interest -- 17.2.3 Decision Properties of Interest -- 17.3 Finite Automata and Regular Languages -- 17.3.1 Mechanisms for Generating Regular Languages -- 17.3.2 Closure Properties of the Regular Languages -- 17.3.3 Decision Properties Concerning Regular Languages -- 17.4 Context-Free Languages: Their Grammars and Automata -- 17.4.1 Mechanisms for Generating the Context-Free Languages -- 17.4.2 Closure Properties of the Context-Free Languages -- 17.4.3 Decision Properties of the Context-Free Languages -- Appendix A A Chapter-Long Text on Discrete Mathematics -- A.1 Sets and Their Operations -- A.2 Binary Relations -- A.2.1 The Formal Notion of Binary Relation -- A.2.2 Equivalence Relations -- A.3 Functions -- A.3.1 What Is a Function? -- A.3.2 Special Categories of Functions -- A.3.3 Finite Functions and Pigeonholes -- A.4 Formal "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Languages -- A.4.1 The Notion of Language in Computation Theory -- A.4.2 Languages as Metaphors for Computational Problems -- A.5 Graphs and Trees -- A.5.1 Basic Definitions -- A.5.2 Two Recurring Families of Graphs."]
[{"$nulls":4},"A.6 Useful Quantitative Notions."]
[null,"3.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9911019534003321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Tilley R. J. D"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Colour and the optical properties of materials : an exploration of the relationship between light, the optical properties of materials and colour / / Richard J.D. Tilley"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Chichester, West Sussex, U.K., : Wiley, 2011"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9786613677839"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781280751004"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1280751002"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780470974773"]
[{"$nulls":4},"047097477X"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780470974766"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0470974761"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[2nd ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (472 p.)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"535.6"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Light"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Optics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Color"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Includes index."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Preface. 1 Light and Colour. 1.1 Colour and light. 1.2 Colour and energy. 1.3 Light waves. 1.4 Interference. 1.5 Light waves and colour. 1.6 Black body radiation and incandescence. 1.7 The colour of incandescent objects. 1.8 Photons. 1.9 Lamps and lasers. 1.10 Vision. 1.11 Colour perception. 1.12 Additive coloration. 1.13 The interaction of light with a material. 1.14 Subtractive coloration. 1.15 Electronic \"paper\". 1.16 Appearance and transparency. Appendix 1.1 Definitions, units and conversion factors. Further reading. 2 Colours due to Refraction and Dispersion. 2.1 Refraction and the refractive index of a material. 2.2 Total internal reflection. 2.3 Refractive index and polarisability. 2.4 Refractive index and density. 2.5 Invisible animals, GRINS and mirages. 2.6 Dispersion and colours produced by dispersion. 2.7 Rainbows and halos. 2.8 Halos. 2.9 Fibre optics. 2.10 Negative refractive index materials. Further reading. 3 The Production of Colour by Reflection. 3.1 Reflection from a single surface. 3.2 Interference at a single thin film in air. 3.3 The colour of a single thin "]
[{"$nulls":4},"film in air. 3.4 The reflectivity of a single thin film in air. 3.5 The colour of a single thin film on a substrate. 3.6 The reflectivity of a single thin film on a substrate. 3.7 Low-reflection and high-reflection films. 3.8 Multiple thin films. 3.9 Fibre Bragg Gratings. 3.10 \"Smart\" windows. 3.11 Photonic engineering in nature. 3.12 Further reading. 3.13 Problems and exercises. Appendix 3.1 The colour of a thin film in white light. Further Reading. 4 Polarisation and crystals. 4.1 Polarisation of light. 4.2 Polarisation by reflection. 4.3 Polars. 4.4 Crystal symmetry and refractive index. 4.5 Double refraction: calcite as an example. 4.6 The description of double refraction effects. 4.7 Colour produced by polarisation and birefringence. 4.8 Pleochroism and dichroism. 4.9 Nonlinear effects. 4.10 Frequency matching and phase matching. 4.11 More on second harmonic generation. 4.12 Optical activity. 4.13 Liquid crystals. Further reading. 5 Colour due to Scattering. 5.1 Scattering and extinction. 5.2 Tyndall blue and Rayleigh scattering. 5.3 Blue skies, red sunsets. 5.4 Scattering and polarisation. 5.5 Mie scattering. 5.6 Blue eyes and some blue feathers. 5.7 Paints, sunscreens and related matters. 5.8 Multiple scattering. 5.9 Gold sols and ruby glass. 5.10 The Lycurgus Cup. Further reading. 6 Colour due to Diffraction. 6.1 Diffraction and colour production by a slit. 6.2 Diffraction and colour production by a rectangular aperture. 6.3 Diffraction and colour production by a circular aperture. 6.4 The diffraction limit of optical instruments. 6.5 Colour production by linear diffraction gratings. 6.6 Two-dimensional gratings. 6.7 Estimation of the wavelength of light by diffraction. 6.8 Diffraction by crystals and crystal-like structures. 6.9 Disordered diffraction gratings. 6.10 Diffraction by sub-wavelength structures. 6.11 Holograms. Further reading. 7 Colour from Atoms and Ions. 7.1 The spectra of atoms and ions. 7.2 Terms and levels. 7.3 Atomic spectra and chemical analysis. 7.4 Fraunhofer lines and stellar spectra. 7.5 Neon signs and early plasma displays. 7.6 The helium-neon laser. 7.7 Sodium and mercury street lights. 7.8 Transition metals and crystal field colours. 7.9 Crystal field splitting, energy levels and terms. 7.10 The colour of ruby. 7.11 Transition-metal-ion lasers. 7.12 Emerald, alexandrite and crystal field strength. 7.13 Crystal field colours in minerals and gemstones. 7.14 Colour as a structural probe. 7.15 Colours from lanthanide ions. 7.16 The neodymium (Nd3+) solid state laser: a four level laser. 7.17 Amplification of optical fibre signals. 7.18 Transition metal and lanthanide pigments. 7.19 Spectral hole formation. 7.20 Further reading. 7.21 Problems and exercises. Appendix 7.1 Electron configurations. Appendix 7.2 Terms and levels. Further Reading. 8 Colour from Molecules. 8.1 The energy levels of molecules. 8.2 The colours arising in some simple inorganic molecules. 8.3 The colour of water. 8.4 Chromophores, chromogens and auxochromes. 8.5 Conjugated bonds in organic molecules: the carotenoids. 8.6 Conjugated bonds circling metal atoms: porphyrins and phthalocyanines. 8.7 Naturally occurring colorants: flavonoid pigments. 8.8 Autumn leaves. 8.9 Some dyes and pigments. 8.10 Charge transfer colours. 8.11 Colour change sensors. 8.12 Dye lasers. 8.13 Photochromic organic molecules. Further reading. 9 Luminescence. 9.1 Luminescence. 9.2 Activators, sensitizers and fluorophores. 9.3 Atomic processes in photoluminescence. 9.4 Fluorescent lamps. 9.5 Plasma displays. 9.6 Cathodoluminescence and cathode ray tubes (CRTs). 9.7 Field emission displays (FEDs). 9.8 Phosphor electroluminescent displays. 9.9 Upconversion. 9.10 Quantum cutting. 9.11 Fluorescent molecules. 9.12 Fluorescent nanoparticles. 9.13 Fluorescent markers and sensors. 9.14 Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence. 9.15 Triboluminescence. 9.16 Scintillators. Further reading. 10 Colour in Metals, Semiconductors "]
[{"$nulls":4},"and Insulators. 10.1 The colours of insulators. 10.2 Excitons. 10.3 Impurity colours in insulators. 10.4 Impurity colours in diamond. 10.5 Colour centres. 10.6 The colours of semiconductors. 10.7 The colours of semiconductor alloys. 10.8 Light emitting diodes (LEDs). 10.9 Semiconductor diode lasers. 10.10 Semiconductor nanostructures. 10.11 Organic semiconductors and electroluminescence. 10.12 Electrochromic films. 10.13 Photovoltaics. 10.14 Digital photography. 10.15 The colours of metals. 10.16 The colours of metal nanoparticles. 10.17 Extraordinary light transmission and plasmonic crystals. Further Reading. Index."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","'Colour and the Optical Properties of Materials' carefully introduces the science behind the subject, along with many modern and cutting-edge applications, chosen to appeal to today's students."]