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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9911019323603321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Das Ashoke Kumar"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology of Lichen"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2024"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2024"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9781394190706"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1394190700"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781394190683"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1394190689"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (355 pages)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"579.7"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Lichens"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Lichenology"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Overview of Lichen -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Distribution -- 1.3 Morphology and Anatomy -- 1.4 Reproduction -- 1.5 Lichen Phytochemicals -- 1.6 Economic Importance -- 1.7 Conservation -- 1.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 The Biology of Lichen -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Lichen Life Form -- 2.2.1 Crustose -- 2.2.2 Foliose -- 2.2.3 Fruticose -- 2.2.4 Leprose -- 2.2.5 Squamulose -- 2.3 The Internal Structure of Lichen -- 2.4 Reproduction of Lichen -- 2.5 Lichen Substrates -- References -- Chapter 3 Taxonomy of Lichen -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Identification of Lichen -- 3.2.1 Microscopic Approaches -- 3.2.1.1 Morphology -- 3.2.1.2 Anatomy -- 3.2.2 Chemical Approaches -- 3.2.2.1 Color Spot Test -- 3.2.2.2 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) -- 3.2.2.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -- 3.2.3 Molecular Approaches -- 3.3 Nomenclature of Lichen -- 3.4 Classification of Lichen -- 3.5 Phylogeny of Lichen -- 3.6 Molecular Taxonomy of Lichens -- 3.7 Therapeutic and Commercial Values of Lichen -- 3.8 Conclusion -- Authors' Conflict -- Authors' Contribution -- References -- Chapter 4 Lichen as Habitats for Other Organisms -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Lichens as Habitat -- 4.2.1 Microorganism Living in Lichen -- 4.2.1.1 Fungi -- 4.2.1.2 Lichen Photobiont -- 4.2.2 Insects and Other Invertebrates Living on Lichen -- 4.2.3 Vertebrates Using "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Lichen as a Shelter or Food -- 4.3 Benefits of Living in Lichens -- 4.4 Importance of Lichen for Biodiversity -- 4.5 Threats to Lichen Habitats -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Ecology of Lichen -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Ecological Habitats -- 5.3 Ecological Factors for Lichen Development -- 5.3.1 Effect of Climate on Growth of Lichen -- 5.3.2 Rainfall -- 5.3.3 Temperature."]
[{"$nulls":4},"5.3.4 Snowfall -- 5.3.5 Light Intensity -- 5.3.6 Interaction Between Factors -- 5.3.7 Rock Chemistry -- 5.3.8 Bird Dropping -- 5.3.9 Nitrogen and Phosphorus -- 5.3.10 Salinity -- 5.3.11 Pollution -- 5.4 Adaptations of Lichen -- 5.4.1 Adaptation of Lichen to Anthropogenic Activities -- 5.4.2 Adaptations in Freshwater -- 5.4.3 Terricolous Lichen -- 5.4.4 Adaptation to Marine Lichens -- 5.4.5 Corticolous Lichen -- 5.5 Lichens in Extreme Habitat -- 5.5.1 Antarctica -- 5.5.2 Chemically Rich Environments -- 5.5.3 Extra-terrestrial Environments -- 5.5.4 Alpine Regions -- 5.5.5 The Arctic -- 5.5.6 Desert -- 5.5.7 Lichen on Lava -- 5.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 6 Physiology of Lichen -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Mycobiont -- 6.1.2 Photobiont: Phycobiont and Cyanobiont (Cyanolichen) -- 6.2 Physiological Interaction -- 6.3 Metabolism -- 6.4 Physiological Peculiarities -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Lichen as Pioneer of Natural Ecosystem -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Lichens as Pioneer of Ecological Succession -- 7.2.1 Lichens as a Pioneer on Rock Surfaces -- 7.2.2 Lichens as Pioneers on Soil Surfaces -- 7.2.3 Lichens as Pioneers for Colonizers on Tree -- 7.3 Impact of Lichen on Natural Ecosystem -- 7.3.1 Impacts of Lichens on Biogeochemical Cycles of Ecosystem -- 7.3.2 Impact of Lichens on Maintaining Humidity and as a Source of Food and Shelter in the Ecosystem -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Conservation of Lichens -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 History -- 8.1.2 What are Lichens? -- 8.1.3 Substrate and Habitat -- 8.1.4 Licheno-geographic Regions of India -- 8.1.5 Lichens in Indian Languages -- 8.1.6 Threats and Conservation of Lichens -- 8.2 Important Roles of Lichens -- 8.2.1 Role of Lichen as a Food Source -- 8.2.2 Role of Lichen in Nitrogen Fixation -- 8.2.3 Lichen's Role as an Environmental Indicator."]
[{"$nulls":4},"8.3 Biogeography (Geographic Distribution of Lichen) -- 8.3.1 Prominent Areas of Research in Conservation Biogeography -- 8.3.2 Why Lichens Require Special Conservation Measures -- 8.4 Conservation of Lichen Diversity -- 8.4.1 International Initiatives on the Conservation of Lichens -- 8.4.2 Lichen Conservation Initiatives in India -- 8.5 Conservation Challenges of Lichens -- 8.6 Recommendation for Conservation of Lichens -- 8.6.1 Species-based Conservation -- 8.6.2 Habitat-based Conservation -- 8.6.3 Issue-based Conservation -- 8.6.3.1 Urban/Sub-urban Development -- 8.6.3.2 Air Pollution -- 8.6.3.3 Invasive Exotic Plants -- 8.6.3.4 Forestry Practices -- 8.6.3.5 Wildfire -- 8.6.3.6 Smuggling and Poaching or Hunting -- 8.6.3.7 Illegal Grazing -- 8.6.3.8 Tourism -- 8.6.4 In Vitro Techniques for Lichen Conservation -- 8.6.5 Awareness Creation Activities -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Lichen at the Age of Climate Change -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Adaptation of Lichen to the Harsh Environment -- 9.3 Impact of Climate Change on Lichen Flora -- 9.4 Sensitivity of Lichen to Climate Change -- 9.5 Lichen as an Indicator of Climate Change -- 9.6 Transplant Experiment on Lichen -- 9.7 Carbon Sequestration by Lichen -- 9.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 Commercial and Traditional Uses of Lichen -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Historical Background -- 10.3 Lichen as Ethnomedicine -- 10.4 Cultural Aspects of Lichen -- 10.5 Commercial Uses of Lichen -- 10.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Bioactive Compounds in Lichens and Their Therapeutic "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Potential -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Diversity in Lichens -- 11.2.1 Reindeer Lichens (Cladonia spp) -- 11.2.2 British Soldier Lichen (Cladonia genera) -- 11.2.3 Crustose Lichen -- 11.3 Bioactive Compounds in Lichens -- 11.3.1 Lichen Acids -- 11.3.2 Fumarprotoceteraric Acid -- 11.3.3 Lecanoric Acid."]
[{"$nulls":4},"11.3.4 Therapeutic Potential of Lichens -- 11.3.5 Antimicrobial Activity -- 11.3.6 Antioxidant Activity -- 11.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12 Antioxidant Properties of Lichen -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Botanical History of Lichens -- 12.3 Classification of Lichen -- 12.3.1 Crustose Lichens -- 12.3.2 Fruticose Lichens -- 12.3.3 Foliose Lichens -- 12.4 Source and Formation of Lichen -- 12.5 Antioxidant Property -- 12.6 Constituents Responsible for Antioxidant Activity in Lichens -- 12.6.1 Phenolic Compounds -- 12.6.2 Usnic Acid (UA) -- 12.6.3 Atranorin -- 12.6.4 Lecanoric Acid -- 12.6.5 Fumarprotocetraric Acid -- 12.6.6 Orcinol, Orsellinic Acid and Orsellinates -- 12.7 Antioxidant Activity in Parmelia sulcata, Lasallia pustulata, Hypogymnia physodes -- 12.8 Constituents Responsible for Antioxidant Behavior in Cetraria islandica -- 12.8.1 Antarctica Lichens Extract -- 12.9 Techniques Used to Determine the Antioxidant Activities in Lichens -- 12.9.1 Cyclic Voltammetric Technique -- 12.9.2 Amperometric Technique -- 12.9.3 Biosensor Technique -- 12.9.4 Chromatographic Techniques -- 12.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Antimicrobial Activities of Lichens -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Antimicrobial Compounds of Lichen -- 13.2.1 Dibenzofuran and Its Derivatives -- 13.2.2 Depsidones -- 13.2.3 Depsides -- 13.2.4 Quinones and Its Derivatives -- 13.2.5 Xanthones -- 13.2.6 Chromones and Pyrones -- 13.2.7 Nitrogenous and Sulfur-Containing Compounds -- 13.2.8 Steroids and Terpenoids -- 13.2.9 Ambuic Acid and Its Derivatives -- 13.2.10 Phenolic Compounds and Its Derivatives -- 13.2.11 Ether Derivatives -- 13.2.12 Miscellaneous Compounds -- 13.3 Lichen Species Having Antimicrobial Properties -- 13.3.1 Ramalina farinacea -- 13.3.2 Platismatia glauca -- 13.3.3 Evernia divaricata -- 13.3.4 Bryoria fuscescens -- 13.3.5 Alectoria sarmentosa."]
[{"$nulls":4},"13.3.6 Cetraria pinastri (Scop.) Gray -- 13.3.7 Cladonia digitata (L.) Hoffm -- 13.3.8 Cladonia fimbriate (L.) Fr -- 13.3.9 Ochrolechia parella (L.) A. Massal -- 13.3.10 Parmeliopsis hyperopta -- 13.3.11 Lecanora frustulosa -- 13.4 Antibacterial Properties -- 13.4.1 Properties -- 13.4.2 Lichens Crude Extracts -- 13.4.3 Lichenic Acids -- 13.4.4 Bioactive Compounds -- 13.4.5 Secondary Metabolites of Lichens and Standard Antibiotics -- 13.5 Antifungal Properties -- 13.5.1 Lichens Crude Extracts -- 13.5.2 Secondary Metabolites of Lichens and Standard Antibiotics -- 13.5.2.1 Usnic Acid -- 13.5.2.2 Atranorin -- 13.5.2.3 Evernic Acid -- 13.5.2.4 Lobaric Acid -- 13.5.2.5 Vulpinic Acid -- 13.5.2.6 Physodic Acid -- 13.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14 Lichens: A Source of Anticancer Drugs -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Lichen Extracts with Anticancer Activities -- 14.3 Lichen Compounds with Anticancer Activities -- 14.3.1 Depside -- 14.3.2 Depsidone and Pseudodepsidone -- 14.3.3 Dibenzofuran -- 14.3.4 Anthraquinone -- 14.3.5 Xanthone Derivates -- 14.3.6 Diketopiperazines -- 14.3.7 Terpenoids -- 14.3.8 γ-LactonicAcid and Other Important Derivatives -- 14.4 Anticancer of Lichen in Animal Model -- 14.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective -- References -- Chapter 15 Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Properties of Parmelia, Cetraria, Cladonia, and Usnea -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Properties of the Genus Parmelia -- 15.3 Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Properties of the Genus Cetraria -- 15.4 Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Properties of the Genus Cladonia -- 15.5 Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Properties "]
[{"$nulls":4},"of the Genus Usnea -- 15.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16 Food Values of Lichen -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Historical Background -- 16.3 Lichen as Food for Human."]
[{"$nulls":4},"16.4 Lichen as Spices and Flavor Enhancer."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","This book, edited by Ashoke Kumar Das and others, is a comprehensive exploration of lichens from the perspectives of chemistry, biology, and pharmacology. It discusses the morphology, reproduction, ecological roles, and conservation of lichens, as well as their economic and therapeutic importance. The book also examines the impact of climate change on lichens and their potential as indicators of environmental changes. Intended for researchers and students in botany, chemistry, and environmental science, it provides a detailed account of the taxonomy, physiology, and ecological significance of lichens, offering insights into their role as pioneers in ecological succession and their utility in various industries."]