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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9911007169203321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Rahimpour Mohammad Reza"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Advances in Natural Gas"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"San Diego : , : Elsevier, , 2024"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2024"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"0-443-19226-X"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (394 pages)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"665.73"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Natural gas - Storage"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Natural gas - Transportation"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Front Cover -- ADVANCES INNATURAL GAS: FORMATION, PROCESSING, AND APPLICATIONS -- ADVANCES IN NATURAL GAS: FORMATION, PROCESSING, AND APPLICATIONS: Natural Gas Transportation and Storage -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the editors -- Preface -- Reviewer acknowledgments -- I - Natural gas transportation technologies -- 1 - Introduction to natural gas storage and transportation technologies -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Storage technologies -- 2.1 Depleted reservoirs -- 2.2 Aquifers -- 2.3 Salt and rock caverns -- 3. Comparison of storage technologies -- 4. Transportation -- 4.1 Pipelines -- 4.2 Gas to liquid -- 4.3 GTL technology -- 4.4 Liquefied natural gas -- 4.4.1 Single mixed refrigerant process -- 4.4.2 Dual mixed refrigerant process -- 4.4.3 Propane precooled mixed refrigerant process (C3MR) -- 5. Compressed natural gas -- 6. Natural gas hydrate -- 7. Comparison of transport technologies -- 8. Conclusion and future outlooks -- Abbreviations and symbols -- References -- 2 - Sales gas transmission from refinery to users -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Transmission options for NG -- 2.1 Pipeline -- 2.1.1 Overview of NG transmission by pipeline network -- 2.1.2 Pipeline size and material -- 2.1.3 Increasing pressure of the NG inside the pipeline in compression stations -- 2.1.4 Pressure reduction stations -- 2.1.5 Metering -- 2.1.6 Heaters -- 2.1.7 Filters -- 2.1.8 Safety equipment -- 2.1.9 Odorization of NG -- 2.2 LNG -- 2.3 CNG -- 2.4 GTL -- 3. Developments and improvements -- 4. Challenges and problems -- 5. Conclusion and future outlooks -- Abbreviations and symbols -- References -- 3 - Liquefied natural gas storage and "]
[{"$nulls":4},"transmission -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Principles and procedures -- 3. Processes -- 3.1 Storage vessels (tanks) -- 3.2 Separation distances -- 3.3 Secondary containment -- 3.4 Foundations -- 3.5 Insulation."]
[{"$nulls":4},"3.6 Ancillary facilities -- 3.7 Instrumentation -- 3.8 Pressure relief -- 3.9 Fire protection -- 3.10 Annular space -- 3.11 Inspection -- 3.12 Rollover -- 3.13 Storage vessels -- 3.14 Underground and mounded storage -- 4. Applications, case histories, and hazard assessment -- 4.1 LNG storage tank examples -- 4.2 LNG storage tank incidents -- 4.3 LNG storage tank hazard assessment -- 5. Conclusion and future outlooks -- Abbreviations and symbols -- References -- Further reading -- 4 - Compressed natural gas storage and transmission -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fundamental aspects of CNG -- 2.1 Compression of natural gas -- 2.2 Fundamental behavior of compressed natural gas -- 2.3 CNG transmission infrastructure -- 2.3.1 Compressed natural gas marine transmission -- 2.4 Storage for CNG -- 3. CNG processes -- 3.1 Phase 1: Production -- 3.2 Phase 2: Transportation -- 3.2.1 CNG transportation by sea (offshore) -- 3.2.2 Transportation of CNG onshore -- 3.3 Phase 3: Receiving -- 3.4 Phase 4: Storage -- 4. Current applications and cases -- 4.1 CNG enriched with hydrogen gas -- 4.2 Dynamic CNG blending dual-fuel technology for caterpillar -- 4.3 CNG energy project -- 5. Conclusion and future outlooks -- Abbreviations and symbols -- References -- Further reading -- 5 - Adsorbed natural gas storage and transmission technology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Storage technology by ANG -- 3. Technical terms used by the ANG -- 3.1 Adsorbent characteristics -- 3.1.1 Adsorbents -- 3.1.2 Density of bulk adsorbents -- 3.1.3 Adsorbent microporous space -- 3.1.4 Adsorbent effectiveness relative to the surface area -- 3.2 Adsorption heat and its thermal consequences -- 3.3 Action of desorption -- 3.4 Ability to provide ANG systems -- 4. The state of ANG systems now and in the future -- 5. Conclusion and future outlooks -- Abbreviation and symbols -- References."]
[{"$nulls":4},"6 - Underground natural gas storage -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Underground gas storage -- 2.1 UGS parameters -- 2.1.1 Total gas storage capacity -- 2.1.2 Total gas in storage -- 2.1.3 Cushion gas or base gas -- 2.1.3.1 Recoverable cushion gas -- 2.1.3.2 Nonrecoverable cushion gas -- 2.1.4 Working gas capacity -- 2.1.5 Working gas -- 2.1.6 Cycling rate -- 2.1.7 Injection volume -- 2.1.8 Deliverability or withdrawal rate or deliverability rate -- 2.1.9 Injection rate (or capacity) -- 2.1.10 Duration of storage -- 2.2 How does UGS work? -- 3. Natural gas storage reservoirs -- 3.1 Depleted gas and oil reservoirs -- 3.2 Aquifers -- 3.3 Salt caverns -- 3.4 Abandoned mines -- 3.5 Advantages and disadvantages of underground natural gas storage -- 3.5.1 Advantages of underground natural gas storage -- 3.5.2 Disadvantages of underground natural gas storage -- 4. Current applications and cases -- 5. Conclusion and future outlooks -- Abbreviations and symbols -- References -- II - Apparatus for natural gas transportation and storage -- 7 - Leak detection technologies in natural gas transportation and storage systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Natural gas leak-detecting technology -- 2.1 Nontechnical methods -- 2.2 Hardware-based methods -- 2.2.1 Acoustic emission method -- 2.2.2 Optical method -- 2.2.3 Cable sensor -- 2.2.4 Soil monitoring -- 2.2.5 Vapor sampling -- 2.2.6 Ultrasonic flow meters -- 2.3 Software-based methods -- 2.3.1 Mass/volume balance -- 2.3.2 Real-time transient modeling -- 2.3.3 Negative passive wave -- 2.3.4 Pressure point analysis -- 2.3.5 Statistical -- 2.3.6 Digital signal processing -- 3. Comparative performance evaluation -- 4. Criteria for pipeline leakage investigative techniques -- 5. Conclusion and future outlooks -- Abbreviations and symbols -- References -- 8 - Compressor/pump "]
[{"$nulls":4},"stations in natural gas transmission pipelines."]
[{"$nulls":4},"1. Introduction -- 1.1 Control room -- 1.2 Battery room -- 1.3 High voltage switch room -- 1.4 Low-voltage switch room -- 1.5 Emergency power generator building -- 1.6 Gas conditioning unit -- 1.7 Pig launcher and receiver -- 1.8 Instrument air building -- 1.9 Inlet, outlet, and bypass valves -- 2. Principles and procedures of compressor stations -- 2.1 Compressor station constituents -- 2.1.1 Instrumentation of air compressor -- 2.1.2 Lightning protection system and earthing system -- 2.1.3 Urban electricity network and emergency power generator -- 2.1.4 Batteries room -- 2.1.5 Power management system -- 2.1.6 Cooling systems -- 2.1.7 Pipeline pigging -- 2.1.8 Scrubbers -- 2.1.9 Heating systems -- 2.1.10 Valves used in the compressor stations -- 2.2 The structure of compressor stations -- 2.2.1 Pipes -- 2.2.2 Scrubber -- 2.2.3 Header -- 2.2.4 Antisurge valve -- 2.2.5 Gas compressor -- 2.2.6 Air-fin fan gas cooler -- 2.2.7 Check valve -- 2.2.8 Turbine -- 2.2.9 Blow down valve -- 2.3 Commissioning and decommissioning processes -- 2.3.1 The procedure of starting a compressor station -- 2.3.2 The procedure for taking the compressor station out of service (emergency shutdown) -- 2.3.3 Checklist and operating steps for starting a compressor station -- 2.3.4 The procedure for taking the station out of service -- 2.3.5 The main parameters that must be checked after the turbo-compressor is started -- 2.3.6 Pulse-jet system (air intake) -- 2.3.7 Turbine shutdown system -- 2.4 Procedures for using the emergency power generator -- 2.5 Gas emergency evacuation system -- 2.6 Pigging and steps to launch and receive a pig -- 2.7 Pressurization of a compressor station by natural gas -- 2.8 Control room and instrumentation systems utilized in it -- 3. Gas compression and processing -- 3.1 Scrubber -- 3.2 Gas conditioning unit -- 3.3 Control of turbo-compressors."]
[{"$nulls":4},"3.4 Analysis of gas transmission pipelines and existing compressor stations on these pipelines -- 3.4.1 Speed increase -- 3.4.2 Speed reduction -- 3.5 Surge -- 3.6 Turbo-compressors -- 3.7 Compressor performance curve -- 3.7.1 Path one -- 3.7.2 Path two -- 3.8 Gas turbines -- 3.9 Locating a compressor station -- 3.10 Processes that gas goes through during compression -- 3.11 Calculation of compressor power -- 3.12 Compressors in series and parallel mode and different powers -- 4. Current applications and cases -- 5. Conclusion and future outlooks -- Abbreviations and symbols -- References -- 9 - Cold energy recovery for LNG-receiving terminals -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 LNG transportation by carriers -- 1.2 LNG-receiving terminal -- 1.3 LNG cold energy recovery -- 2. Current technologies in LNG cold energy utilization -- 2.1 Air separation -- 2.2 Power generation -- 2.3 Light hydrocarbon separation -- 2.4 Liquefied CO2 and dry ice -- 2.5 Cold storage warehouse -- 3. Process modeling of light hydrocarbon separation unit -- 3.1 Process description -- 3.2 Assumptions and process parameters -- 4. Results -- 4.1 LNG export rate -- 4.2 LNG feed volume -- 4.2.1 Case 1: LNG feed volume at 500m3/h -- 4.2.2 Case 2: LNG feed volume at 1061m3/h -- 4.2.3 Case 3: LNG feed volume at 3000m3/h -- 5. Possibilities for further improvement -- 5.1 LNG cold energy utilized by cascade system -- 5.1.1 Option 1: Light hydrocarbon separation-Liquefied CO2 and dry ice production-Cold storage warehouse -- 5.1.2 Option 2: Air separation-Liquefied CO2 and dry ice production-Cold storage warehouse -- 5.1.3 Option 3: Cryogenic energy storage-Option 1 or Option 2 -- 5.2 LNG cold energy utilized by BOG management -- 6. Challenges of LNG cold energy utilization -- 7. Conclusion and future outlooks -- Abbreviations and symbols -- References -- Further reading."]
[{"$nulls":4},"10 - Inhibition of wax deposition in natural gas transmission pipelines."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications offers comprehensive insights into the technologies and methodologies associated with natural gas storage and transmission. Edited by experts in chemical engineering, this volume delves into the comparison of storage technologies, compressed natural gas, and natural gas hydrate, providing a detailed analysis of various transport technologies. The book also covers transmission options from refineries to end-users, highlighting developments, improvements, and challenges in the field. Aimed at professionals and researchers, it serves as a crucial resource for understanding the complexities of natural gas processing and its applications."]