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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910463270903321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Ahere John Rabuogi"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"The paradox that is diplomatic recognition [[electronic resource] ] : unpacking the Somaliland situation / / John Rabuogi Ahere"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Hamburg, : Anchor Academic Pub., 2013"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"3-95489-553-6"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (97 p.)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"967.7305"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Electronic books."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Somalia Politics and government 1991-"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Somaliland (Secessionist government, 1991- ) International status"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Cover title."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"The Paradox that is Diplomatic Recognition: Unpacking the Somaliland Situation; Abstract; List of Abbreviations; Table of Contents; Chapter One; 1.1 Background to the Study; 1.2 Statement of the Research Problem; 1.3 Objectives of the study; 1.4 Literature Review; 1.5 Justification of the study; 1.6 Conceptual framework; 1.7 Hypotheses; 1.8 Research Methodology; Chapter Two; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Pre-colonial and colonial period; 2.3 Post-colonial Somalia; 2.4 Somalia since 1991; 2.5 Conclusions; Chapter Three; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Secessionist cases in Africa: an overview"]
[{"$nulls":4},"3.2.1 Western Sahara3.2.2 Ogaden Reserve Area and the Haud; 3.2.3 Biafra; 3.2.4 Katanga; 3.2.5 Eritrea; 3.2.6 South Sudan; 3.3 Somaliland's justification for recognition; 3.3.1 Colonial history, international law and the criteria for recognition; 3.3.2 The nature of interactions with the world; 3.4 Positions of regional and sub-regional institutions; 3.4.1 The United Nations (UN); 3.4.2 The Organisation of African Unity (OAU)/African Union (AU); 3.4.3 Inter-governmental authority on Development (IGAD) and East AfricanCommunity (EAC); 3.5 Perspectives of the Somalis"]
[{"$nulls":4},"3.5.1 The Somalia government standpoint3.5.2 Other Opinions; 3.6 Conclusions; Chapter Four; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Somaliland in post-1991 war-torn Somalia and the peace process; 4.3 Role of politics in the recognition of states; 4.4 International legal perspectives; 4.5 Other issues; 4.6 Conclusions; Chapter Five; 5.1 Summary; 5.2 Key Findings; 5.3 Recommendations; 5.3.1 Resolving Somali problems with Somali solutions; 5.3.2 The Role of UN, AU and Sub-regional organisations; "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Bibliography"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Hauptbeschreibung Somaliland is an example of a territory that has fulfilled the conditions that are pre-requisite for state recognition in the international system. Somaliland is however, not recognised as a state. Questions abound about why Somaliland finds itself in this situation when there are territories which obtained recognition after fulfilling a fraction of what Somaliland has achieved. This study contributes to answering the aforementioned questions. This study has certain objectives. It delved into the examination of the criteria that is used for the recognition of states in the in"]
[null,"2.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910993876603321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Rather Luqman Jameel"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Microbial Colorants : Chemistry, Biosynthesis and Applications"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2025"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2025"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9781394287864"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1394287860"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781394287888"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1394287887"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781394287871"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1394287879"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (0 pages)"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Cover -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- Part I: Microbial Pigment Sources and Diversity -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Microbial Colorants -- 1.1 Background and Significance -- 1.2 Classification of Microbial Pigments -- 1.2.1 Classification Based on the Source -- 1.2.1.1 Bacterial Pigments -- 1.2.1.2 Fungal Pigments -- 1.2.1.3 Algal Pigments -- 1.2.1.4 Pigments from Cyanobacteria -- 1.2.1.5 Pigments from Lichens -- 1.2.1.6 Pigments from Yeasts, Actinomycetes, and Archaea -- 1.2.1.7 Conventional Microbial Pigment Sources -- 1.2.1.8 Nonconventional Microbial Pigment Sources -- 1.2.2 Classification Based on the Chemical Nature of Pigments -- 1.2.2.1 Carotenoids -- 1.2.2.2 Terpenoids -- 1.2.2.3 Chlorophylls -- 1.2.2.4 Flavins -- 1.2.2.5 Polyketides -- 1.2.2.6 Amino Acid Derivatives -- 1.2.2.7 Cyclic Peptides -- 1.2.2.8 Indigoids -- 1.2.2.9 Betalains -- 1.3 Industrial Applications of Microbial Pigments -- 1.3.1 Food Industry -- 1.3.2 Pharmaceutical Industry -- 1.3.3 Cosmetics Industry -- 1.3.4 Textile Industry -- 1.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Bacterial Pigments: Diversity and Biosynthesis Pathways -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Diversity of Bacterial Pigments -- 2.2.1 Carotenoids -- 2.2.1.1 Structure -- 2.2.1.2 Function -- 2.2.1.3 Biosynthesis -- 2.2.2 Prodiginines -- 2.2.2.1 Structure -- 2.2.2.2 Function -- 2.2.2.3 "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Biosynthesis -- 2.2.3 Pyocyanin -- 2.2.3.1 Structure -- 2.2.3.2 Function -- 2.2.3.3 Biosynthesis -- 2.2.4 Quinones -- 2.2.4.1 Structure -- 2.2.4.2 Function -- 2.2.4.3 Biosynthesis -- 2.2.5 Other Bacterial Pigments -- 2.2.5.1 Phycoerythrin -- 2.2.5.2 Phycocyanin -- 2.2.5.3 Melanin -- 2.2.5.4 Violacein -- 2.2.5.5 Indigoidine -- 2.2.5.6 Flexirubin -- 2.2.5.7 Pyoverdine -- 2.2.5.8 Aura Chin -- 2.3 Applications of Bacterial Pigments -- 2.3.1 Food Industry -- 2.3.2 Medical Field."]
[{"$nulls":4},"2.3.3 Energy-Related Technologies -- 2.3.4 Other Applications -- 2.4 Future Research -- 2.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Fungal Pigments: A Sustainable Alternative to Synthetic Colors -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 What are Fungal Pigments? -- 3.3 Why Fungal Pigments? -- 3.4 Source of Fungal Pigments -- 3.4.1 Alternaria spp. -- 3.4.2 Aspergillus spp. -- 3.4.3 Chaetomium spp. -- 3.4.4 Daldinia spp. -- 3.4.5 Fusarium spp. -- 3.4.6 Hypoxylon spp. -- 3.4.7 Monascus spp. -- 3.4.8 Neurospora spp. -- 3.4.9 Penicillium spp. -- 3.4.10 Pyrenophora spp. -- 3.4.11 Talaromyces spp. -- 3.4.12 Trichoderma spp. -- 3.4.13 Other Genera -- 3.5 Extraction Methods of Fungal Pigments -- 3.5.1 Extracellular Pigment Extraction -- 3.5.2 Intracellular Pigment Extraction -- 3.5.2.1 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technique -- 3.5.2.2 Microwave-Assisted Extraction -- 3.5.2.3 Ionic Liquid-Assisted Extraction -- 3.5.2.4 Supercritical Extraction -- 3.5.2.5 Pulsed Electric Field -- 3.5.2.6 Pressurized Liquid Extraction -- 3.6 Applications of Fungal Pigments -- 3.6.1 Fungal Pigments in Food Industry -- 3.6.2 Fungal Pigments Applications in Textile Industry -- 3.6.3 Fungal Pigment as Antibacterial Agent -- 3.6.4 Fungal Pigments as Antioxidants -- 3.6.5 Fungal Pigments in Cosmetic Industry -- 3.6.6 Fungal Pigments as Anticancerous Agents -- 3.7 Limitations and Challenges -- 3.8 Mycotoxicity Testing -- 3.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Algal and Cyanobacterial Colorants: From Chlorophyll to Phycocyanin -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Microalgae Pigments -- 4.2.1 Chlorophyll Pigments -- 4.2.2 Phycobiliprotein Pigments -- 4.2.3 Carotenoid Pigments -- 4.3 Production and Extraction Methodologies for Enhancement the Pigment Productivity -- 4.3.1 Microalgae Production -- 4.3.1.1 Microalgae Cultivation Systems -- 4.3.1.2 Culture Conditions."]
[{"$nulls":4},"4.3.2 Extraction of Microalgae Pigments -- 4.4 Industrial Applications and Market Trends of Microalgae Pigments -- 4.5 Sustainability of Microalgae Pigments and Future Perspectives -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Nonconventional Microbial Sources-Yeast, Actinomycetes, Archaea -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Nonconventional Microbes -- 5.2.1 Nonconventional Yeasts -- 5.2.1.1 Kluyveromyces marxianus -- 5.2.1.2 Kluyveromyces lactis -- 5.2.1.3 Yarrowia lipolytica -- 5.2.1.4 Hansenula polymorpha -- 5.2.1.5 Trichosporon oleaginosus -- 5.2.1.6 Debaryomyces hansenii -- 5.2.1.7 Dekkera bruxellensis -- 5.2.1.8 Pichia pastoris -- 5.2.1.9 Pichia kudriavzevii -- 5.2.1.10 Scheffersomyces stipitis -- 5.2.1.11 Rhodotorula toruloides -- 5.2.2 Actinomycetes -- 5.2.2.1 Corynebacterium -- 5.2.2.2 Rhodococcus -- 5.2.2.3 Streptomyces -- 5.2.3 Archaea -- 5.3 Nonconventional Hosts with Important Industrial Applications -- 5.4 Genetic Engineering Tools for Nonconventional Microbes -- 5.4.1 Plasmids -- 5.4.2 Promoters and Terminators -- 5.4.3 DNA Repair -- 5.4.4 RNA Interference -- 5.4.5 CRISPR/Cas9 -- 5.5 Software Packaging Tools for CRISPR Screen Evaluation -- 5.5.1 MAGeCK-VISPR -- 5.5.2 CRISPhieRmix -- 5.5.3 JACKS -- 5.5.4 BAGEL2 -- 5.5.5 acCRISPR -- 5.6 Comprehensive Understanding of Genetic Modification Tools on Microbial Nonconventional Platforms -- 5.7 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Chemistry of Microbial Pigments -- Chapter 6 "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Introduction to Chemistry of Microbial Colorants: Structures, Properties, and Biosynthesis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Isoprenoid Pigments -- 6.2.1 Carotenoids -- 6.2.1.1 Properties of Carotenoids -- 6.2.1.2 Biosynthesis of Carotenoids -- 6.3 Flavins -- 6.3.1 Riboflavin (B2) -- 6.3.1.1 Properties of Riboflavin -- 6.3.1.2 Biosynthesis of Riboflavin -- 6.4 Tetrapyrrole-Containing Pigments -- 6.4.1 Chlorophylls."]
[{"$nulls":4},"6.4.1.1 Biosynthesis of Chlorophylls -- 6.4.2 Phycobilins -- 6.4.2.1 Properties of Phycobilins -- 6.4.2.2 Biosynthesis of Phycobilins -- 6.4.3 Indigoids -- 6.4.3.1 Properties of Indigoids -- 6.4.3.2 Biosynthesis of Indigo -- 6.5 Alkaloid Pigments -- 6.5.1 Prodigiosines -- 6.5.1.1 Properties of Prodigiosines -- 6.5.1.2 Biosynthesis of Prodigiosin -- 6.5.2 Betalains -- 6.5.2.1 Properties of Betacyanins and Betaxanthins -- 6.5.2.2 Biosynthesis of Betalains -- 6.5.3 Violacein -- 6.5.3.1 Properties of Violacein -- 6.5.3.2 Biosynthesis of Violacein -- 6.5.4 Phenazines -- 6.5.4.1 Properties of Pyocyanin -- 6.5.4.2 Biosynthesis of Phenazines -- 6.6 Polyketide Pigments -- 6.6.1 Quinones -- 6.6.1.1 Properties of Quinones -- 6.6.1.2 Biosynthesis of Quinones -- 6.6.2 Azaphilones -- 6.6.2.1 Properties of Azaphilones -- 6.6.2.2 Biosynthesis of Azaphilones -- 6.7 Phenol-Containing Pigments -- 6.7.1 Styrylpyrones -- 6.7.1.1 Biosynthesis of Hispidin -- 6.8 Melanins -- 6.8.1 Properties of Melanins -- 6.8.2 Biosynthesis of Melanins -- 6.9 Siderophores -- 6.9.1 Properties of Siderophores -- 6.9.2 Biosynthesis of Siderophores -- 6.10 Conclusion and Future Prospectives -- References -- Chapter 7 Microbial Pigment Extraction and Purification Techniques -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Solid-Liquid Extraction Techniques -- 7.2.1 Conventional Solid-Liquid Extraction Techniques -- 7.2.2 Process Intensification Using Advanced Techniques -- 7.2.2.1 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction -- 7.2.2.2 Microwave-Assisted Extraction -- 7.2.2.3 Pulsed Electric Field-Assisted Extraction -- 7.2.2.4 Pressurized-Liquid Extraction (PLE) -- 7.2.2.5 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) -- 7.2.2.6 Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE) -- 7.2.3 Extraction Using Non-Conventional Solvents -- 7.3 Purification of Microbial Pigments -- 7.4 Polishing Operations -- 7.5 Conclusions."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Declaration of Generative AI in Scientific Writing -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8 Extraction and Purification of Microbial Pigments: Eco-Friendly Techniques and Applications -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Classification of Microbial Pigments -- 8.2.1 Pigments of Algal -- 8.2.2 Pigments of Bacteria -- 8.2.3 Pigments of Cyanobacteria -- 8.2.4 Pigments of Fungal -- 8.2.5 Pigments of Lichens -- 8.2.6 Pigments from Yeasts -- 8.3 Extraction Techniques -- 8.3.1 Ultrasound Extraction Process -- 8.3.2 Microwave Extraction Process -- 8.3.3 Enzyme Extraction Process -- 8.3.4 Supercritical Fluid Extraction -- 8.3.5 Pressurized Fluid Extraction Process -- 8.3.6 Ionic Liquids-Assisted Extraction -- 8.4 Purification Techniques -- 8.5 Applications -- 8.5.1 Usage in Food and Beverage Industry -- 8.5.2 Usage in Textile Industry -- 8.5.3 Usage in Cosmetic Industry -- 8.5.4 Usage in Medical -- 8.6 Challenges and Future Perspectives -- 8.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 Chlorophylls: The Verdant World of Photosynthetic Pigments -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Photosynthesis Types -- 9.3 Photosynthetic Micro-Organisms -- 9.4 Structural Diversity of Chlorophyll -- 9.4.1 Chlorophylls -- 9.4.2 Chlorophylls in Cyanobacteria -- 9.4.3 Photosynthetic Systems of Cyanobacteria -- 9.4.4 Chlorophylls in Microbial Algae -- 9.4.5 Chlorophylls a and b in Green Algae -- 9.4.6 Chlorophyll c in Brown Algae -- 9.4.7 Chlorophyll d in Red Algae -- 9.4.8 Chlorophylls Specific to Other Groups of Algae -- 9.5 Bacteriochlorophylls (BChl) -- 9.5.1 Bacteriochlorophylls a, b, c, d, e, f, g -- 9.6 Chlorophyll Biosynthetic Pathway -- 9.7 Enzymes Implicated in Chlorophyll "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Pathways -- 9.8 The Function of Chlorophylls in Microbes -- 9.9 Biotechnological Applications of Microbial Chlorophylls -- 9.10 Prospects for Research and Applications -- 9.11 Conclusion -- References."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Chapter 10 Phycobiliproteins: Algal and Cyanobacterial Pigments Radiating Vivid Colors."]