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[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Malaria : obstacles and opportunities : a report of the Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control: Status Review and Alternative Strategies, Division of International Health, Institute of Medicine / / Stanley C. Oaks, Jr. ... [et al.], editors"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-280-20368-4"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786610203680"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0-309-54389-4"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0-585-02886-9"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"xv, 309 p. : ill"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"614.5/32"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Malaria"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Malaria - Prevention"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Malaria - Research"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Malaria -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- LIAISON PANEL -- CONTRIBUTORS TO THE STUDY -- Contents -- Malaria -- 1 Conclusions and Recommendations -- DEFINING THE PROBLEM -- THE REPORT -- Background -- Organization -- Sponsorship -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Policy -- Commitment and Sustainability -- Surveillance -- Inter-Sectoral Cooperation -- New Tools for Malaria Control -- Coordination and Integration -- Malaria Research Priorities -- Research in Support of Available Control Measures -- Development of New Tools -- Malaria Control -- Organization of Malaria Control -- Paradigm Approach -- Management -- Monitoring and Evaluation -- Problem Solving (Optional Research) and Evaluation -- Training -- 2 Background -- MALARIA AS A DISEASE -- Clinical Aspects -- Immunity -- Role of Genetics -- DIAGNOSIS -- THE PARASITE -- Life Cycle -- Relapse and Recrudescence -- THE MOSQUITO -- Life Cycle -- Host-Seeking and Feeding Behavior -- THE ENVIRONMENT -- EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Geographic Distribution -- Transmission -- MALARIA CONTROL -- Drugs -- Source Reduction -- Larviciding -- Spraying -- Contact Reduction -- Vaccines -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 3 Overview -- PRE-COLUMBIAN HISTORY -- MALARIA "]
[{"$nulls":4},"IN AMERICA -- DISCOVERY OF QUININE -- DISCOVERY OF THE MALARIA PARASITE AND ITS LIFE CYCLE -- MALARIA AND THE MILITARY -- MALARIA CONTROL -- ERADICATION -- Background -- Eradication Campaign -- Financial Support for Eradication -- Eradication to Control -- 1970 to Present -- U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR MALARIA ACTIVITIES -- United States -- U.S. Agency for International Development -- Centers for Disease Control -- Department of Defense -- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases -- REFERENCES -- 4 Clinical Medicine and the Disease Process -- WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010 -- WHERE WE ARE TODAY -- Clinical Aspects of Malaria."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Severe Malaria -- Other Clinical Features -- Uncomplicated Malaria -- Malaria Chemoprophylaxis and Treatment -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- Pathogenesis -- Treatment -- Chemoprophylaxis -- REFERENCES -- 5 Diagnostic Tests -- WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010 -- WHERE WE ARE TODAY -- Microscopy -- Standard Technique -- Quantitative Buffy Coat Technique -- QBC Versus Microscopy -- Alternatives to Microscopy -- Immunoassays -- Genetic-Probe Assays -- Polymerase Chain reaction -- Antibody Assays -- Other Assays -- Specifications for Diagnostic Tests -- Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- REFERENCES -- 6 Parasite Biology -- WHERE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010 -- WHERE WE ARE TODAY -- The Parasite -- Parasite-Host Interactions -- Liver Phase -- Blood Phase -- Mosquito Phase -- Parasite Physiology and Biochemistry -- Feeding -- Permeability Changes in Erythrocyte Membranes -- Other Parasite-Directed Changes in Erythrocyte-Membrane Structure -- Nutrition and Metabolism -- Energy Transformations and Mitochondria -- Parasite Lipids -- Evasion of Host Defenses -- Cytoadherence -- Neoantigens -- Molecular Biology -- Parasite Genetic Diversity -- Karyotype -- Protein Expression -- Other Mechanism of Genetic Variability -- Drug Resistance -- Cloning of Genes for Functional Proteins -- Differential Gene Expression -- Research Training -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- Sporogonic Phase -- Liver Phase -- Blood Phase -- Physiology and Biochemistry -- Developmental Biology -- Drug Action and Resistance -- Clinical Immunity -- Cytoadherence -- Parasite Genes -- In Vitro Cultivation -- REFERENCES -- 7 Vector Biology, Ecology, and Control -- WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010 -- WHERE WE ARE TODAY -- Vector-Parasite Interactions -- Sporogonic Development in Anopheles Mosquitoes -- Factors Affecting Susceptibility -- Factors Affecting Transmission -- Malaria Transmission."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Regulation of Vector Population-Larval Ecology -- Vector Incrimination -- Vector Species and Distributions -- Mosquito Taxonomy and Species Complexes -- Parasite Transmission -- Field Studies -- Indices of Malaria Transmission -- Surveillance Strategies -- Entomological Components of Malaria Vaccine Development -- Vector Control -- Prevention and Control of Transmission -- Selection of Antivector Measures -- Personal Protection Measures -- Insecticide Resistance -- Ecological and Public Health Impacts of Pesticides -- Innovative Vector Control Measures -- Training in Vector Biology -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- Field Investigations -- Patterns of Transmission -- Microepidemiology -- Regulation of Anopheline Populations -- Country-Wide Vector Surveillance -- Vaccine Field Trials -- Laboratory-Based Research -- Malaria Parasite Development in Mosquitoes -- Technique Development for Field Studies -- Innovative Methods for Malaria Control -- Antimosquito Vaccines -- Genetic Modification of the Mosquito Vector -- Drug Development -- Evaluation of Vector Control Methods -- REFERENCES -- 8 Drug Discovery and Development -- WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010 -- WHERE WE ARE TODAY "]
[{"$nulls":4},"-- Principles of Prophylaxis and Treatment -- Status of Prophylaxis and Treatment -- Plasmodium malariae and P.ovale -- Plasmodium vivax -- Plasmodium falciparum -- Available Antimalarial Drugs -- Causal Prophylactics -- Drugs Used for Treatment -- Drug Discovery and Development -- Walter Read Army Institute of Research -- World Health Organization -- Role of Drug Companies -- Other Participants -- Drugs Under Development -- Arteether -- WR 238605 -- BW566c -- Antibiotics -- Agents That Reverse Chloroquine Resistance -- Agents in Preclinical Development -- Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacology -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- Artemisinin -- Drug Mechanisms of Action -- Quinoline Resistance."]
[{"$nulls":4},"New Drug Targets -- Transformation -- Plasmodium vivax Culture System -- Drug Delivery -- Botanical Preparations -- Secondary Metabolites -- REFERENCES -- 9 Vaccines -- WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010 -- WHERE WE ARE TODAY -- Prospects For a Vaccine -- Approaches To Vaccine Development -- Pre-Erythrocytic Vaccines -- Mechanisms of Immunity -- Targets of Pre-Erythrocytic Immunity -- Impediments to Pre-Erythrocytic Vaccine Development -- Induction of the Appropriate Immune Response -- Asexual Blood-Stage Vaccines -- Mechanisms of Immunity -- Targets of Blood-Stage Immunity -- Preclinical and Clinical Trials -- Impediments to Asexual Blood-Stage Vaccine Development -- Merozoite Surface Antigen 1: A Case Study in Vaccine Development -- Transmission-Blocking Vaccines -- Mechanisms of Immunity -- Targets of Transmission-Blocking Immunity -- Impediments to Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Development -- Antimosquito Vaccines -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- Identification of Mechanisms and Targets of Protective Immunity -- Vaccine Formulation -- In Vitro Assays -- Culture Systems -- REFERENCES -- 10 Epidemiologic Approaches to Malaria Control -- WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010 -- WHERE WE ARE TODAY -- Infection and Disease -- Morbidity and Mortality -- Approaches to Malaria Control -- Tactical Variants and Stratification -- The Epidemiologic Approach to Malaria Control -- Development of the Paradigms -- Description of the Paradigms -- Principal Determinants -- Malaria Control Tools -- Application of the Paradigm Approach -- Program Planning and Evaluation -- Policy Formulation -- Intervention Strategy -- Training -- Reporting -- Problem Solving (Operational Research) -- Logistical Support and Transportation -- Evaluation -- Central Core of Expertise -- Decentralized Activities -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- Infection, Immunity, and Disease -- Pregnancy and Birth Outcome."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Chemoprophylaxis and Therapy -- Drug Resistance -- Paradigms -- Bednets -- REFERENCES -- 11 Economics of Malaria Control -- WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010 -- WHERE WE ARE TODAY -- Applications of Economics to Malaria -- The Economic Costs of Malaria -- Costs and Effects of Malaria Control -- Operational Research -- Economics and Policymaking -- Determining Policy Option -- Epidemiology and Economics -- Example 1: The Burden of Disease and Priority Setting -- Example 2: Decreasing Returns -- Example 3: More Decreasing Returns -- Example 4: Average Versus Marginal Costs and Benefits -- Example 5: Economics and Epidemiologic Paradigms -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- Decision Making Skills -- Data Collection -- Information, Education, and Communication Programs -- Resources -- REFERENCES -- 12 Social and Behavioral Aspects of Malaria -- WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010 -- WHERE WE ARE TODAY -- Factors Favoring Malaria Transmission -- Agricultural Development -- Type I and Type II Farming Systems -- Human Population Movements -- Urbanization -- Implications for Malaria Control Programs -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Acceptance and Usage of Control Methods -- Perceptions of Cerebral Malaria -- Causes of Malaria -- Water and Mosquitoes -- Distinguishing Malaria from Other Diseases -- Drug Side Effects and Beliefs About Drug Action -- Logistical and Organizational Problems -- Lack of Community Participation -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- Understanding Community Beliefs -- Health-Seeking Behavior -- Research Methods -- Health Communications -- Community Participation -- Community Involvement in Planning and Evaluation -- REFERENCES -- Appendix A Paradigms -- TYPES OF MALARIA -- DETERMINANTS -- TOOLS -- Appendix B Dissenting Opinion -- REFERENCES -- Glossary A -- Index."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Malaria is making a dramatic comeback in the world. The disease is the foremost health challenge in Africa south of the Sahara, and people traveling to malarious areas are at increased risk of malaria-related sickness and death. This book examines the prospects for bringing malaria under control, with specific recommendations for U.S. policy, directions for research and program funding, and appropriate roles for federal and international agencies and the medical and public health communities. The volume reports on the current status of malaria research, prevention, and control efforts worldwide. The authors present study results and commentary on the Nature, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and epidemiology of malaria. Biology of the malaria parasite and its vector. Prospects for developing malaria vaccines and improved treatments. Economic, social, and behavioral factors in malaria control."]