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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910973798203321"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Measuring lead exposure in infants, children, and other sensitive populations / / Committee on Measuring Lead in Critical Populations, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1993"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9786610196135"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781280196133"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1280196130"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780309598415"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0309598419"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780585077055"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0585077053"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (355 p.)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"615.9/25688"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Lead - Toxicology"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Lead poisoning in children"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Committee chairman: Bruce A. Fowler."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Project was supported by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Trust Fund through cooperative agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants, Children, and Other Sensitive Populations -- Copyright -- Other Recent Reports of the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology -- Preface -- Contents -- Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants, Children, and Other Sensitive Populations -- Executive Summary -- CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE AND STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT -- CONCLUSIONS -- Sensitive Populations -- Quantitative Methods for Analysis -- Exposure -- Sources and Accumulation -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Sensitive Populations -- Quantitative Methods for Analysis -- Exposure -- Sources and Accumulation -- Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants, Children, and Other Sensitive Populations -- 1 Introduction -- PERSPECTIVE ON ISSUES -- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND -- Beginning of Public-Health Interest in Lead -- History of U.S. Childhood Lead-"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Screening Programs -- Sensitive Populations -- SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMITTEE REPORT -- 2 Adverse Health Effects of Exposure to Lead -- CLINICAL INTOXICATION IN CHILDREN -- Central Nervous System Effects -- Renal Effects -- Hematologic Effects -- INTOXICATION IN ADULTS -- Central Nervous System and Other Neuropathic Effects -- Renal Effects -- Hematologic Effects -- REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS -- Reproductive and Early Developmental Toxicity -- Cognitive and Other Neurobehavioral Effects -- Prospective Longitudinal Studies -- Cross-sectional and Retrospective Studies -- CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS -- Hypertension and Pregnancy -- Animal Models of Lead and Blood Pressure -- Population-Based Epidemiology Studies -- MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY -- Effects on Heme Biosynthesis and Erythropoiesis -- Effects on Vitamin D and Calcium Metabolism -- Carcinogensis -- Nephropathy -- SUMMARY -- 3 Lead Exposure of Sensitive Populations -- HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF ANTHROPOGENIC LEAD CONTAMINATION -- SOURCE-SPECIFIC LEAD EXPOSURE OF SENSITIVE POPULATIONS."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Lead in Paint -- Physicochemical and Environmental Considerations -- General Characteristics of Exposure -- Scope of the Problem -- Lead in Air -- Physicochemical and Environmental Considerations -- General Characteristics of Exposure -- Scope of the Problem -- Lead in Dust and Soil -- Physicochemical and Environmental Considerations -- General Characteristics of Exposure -- Scope of the Problem -- Lead in Drinking Water -- Physicochemical and Environmental Considerations -- General Characteristics of Exposure -- Scope of the Problem -- Lead in the Diet -- Physicochemical and Environmental Considerations -- Characteristics of General Exposure -- Scope of the Problem -- SUMMARY -- 4 Biologic Markers of Lead Toxicity -- BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF EXPOSURE -- Lead Absorption -- Lead Distribution -- Lead Retention and Excretion -- Interactions of Lead with Nutrients -- Mathematical Models -- Linear Models -- Nonlinear Models -- Biologic Monitoring -- Whole Blood -- Plasma -- Teeth -- Bone -- Milk -- Placenta -- Chelatable and Urinary Lead -- BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF EFFECT -- Markers Based on Disturbance of Heme Synthesis -- Markers of Other Biologic Systems -- Relevance of Current Markers of Effect for Low-Dose Exposures -- Potential Markers of Effect -- Enzyme Systems -- Lead-Binding Proteins -- Metabolites -- Identification of Toxicity Mechanisms -- Inhibition of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Formation -- Impairment of Heme Synthesis -- BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY -- SUMMARY -- 5 Methods for Assessing Exposure to Lead -- INTRODUCTION -- SAMPLING AND SAMPLE HANDLING -- MEASUREMENT OF LEAD IN SPECIFIC TISSUES -- Whole Blood -- Plasma -- Urine -- Teeth -- Milk -- Placenta -- MASS SPECTROMETRY -- Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry -- Lead Isotopic Composition in the Identification of Lead Sources -- Stable Lead Isotopic Tracers in Metabolic Studies."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry -- Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry -- Glow-Discharge Mass Spectrometry -- Laser-Microprobe Mass Spectrometry -- ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY -- ANODIC-STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY AND OTHER ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS -- NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY -- THE CALCIUM-DISODIUM EDTA PROVOCATION TEST -- X-RAY FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENT -- Dosimetry -- Volume Sampled -- Precision -- Accuracy -- Practical XRF Systems -- Validation -- Clinical Uses of X-Ray Fluorescence -- Research Needs -- QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL -- SUMMARY -- 6 Summary and Recommendations -- SOURCES OF LEAD EXPOSURE -- ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS OF LEAD -- MARKERS OF LEAD EXPOSURE "]
[{"$nulls":4},"AND EFFECT -- TECHNIQUES TO MEASURE LEAD EXPOSURE AND EARLY TOXIC EFFECTS -- References."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Lead is a ubiquitous toxic agent that is especially damaging to the young child and the developing fetus. Unlike many environmental health risks, the risks associated with lead are no longer theoretical but have been observed for many years. Indeed, the first regulation of lead in paint was enacted in the 1920s. Currently, because of growing evidence of lead toxicity at lower concentrations, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently lowered its lead-exposure guideline to 10 ug/dl lead in blood from 25 ug/dl. Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants, Children, and Other Sensitive Populations addresses the public health concern about the logistics and feasibility of lead screening in infants and children at such low concentrations. This book will serve as the basis for all U.S. Public Health Service activities and for all state and local programs in monitoring lead."]