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[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Factors affecting contraceptive use in Sub-Saharan Africa / / Working Group on Factors Affecting Contraceptive Use, Panel on the Population Dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa, Committee on Population, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1993"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9786610196074"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781280196072"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1280196076"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780309585927"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0309585929"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780585143408"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0585143404"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource  (1 PDF file (xv, 252 pages)) : illustrations"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Population dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"304.6/66/0967"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Contraception - Africa, Sub-Saharan"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Birth control - Africa, Sub-Saharan"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-252)."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- FACTORS AFFECTING CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SUB-SAHARANAFRICA -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- KEY ISSUES -- FINDINGS -- 1 Introduction -- THE CONTRACEPTIVE REVOLUTION IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD -- CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA -- Historical Factors Leading to High Fertility -- Family Planning Initiatives -- Potential Effect of AIDS on Contraceptive Use -- Implications of the Rise in Contraceptive Use -- LEVELS OF SOCIOECONOMIC ORGANIZATION AFFECTING CONTRACEPTIVE USE -- National Level -- Regional Level -- Community, Kinship, and Household -- Individual Level -- ORGANIZATION OF REPORT -- 2 Levels and Trends in Contraceptive Use -- SOURCES OF DATA ON CONTRACEPTIVE USE -- DEFINITION OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE -- PREVALENCE OF CURRENT CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SELECTED COUNTRIES -- Results from Demographic and Health Surveys Conducted from 1986 to 1990 -- Results of WFS, CPS, and Other Surveys, 1975-1990 -- Trends in Modern Contraceptive "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Prevalence -- Differentials in Use -- Reason for Use: Spacing Versus Limiting -- OTHER INDICATORS RELATED TO CONTRACEPTIVE PRACTICE -- Ever Use of a Modern Method -- Discontinuation -- Knowledge of a Modern Contraceptive Method -- Sources of Modern Contraceptive Methods -- Fertility Preferences -- RESULTS FROM MALE SURVEYS -- CONCLUSION -- 3 The Socioeconomic Context -- SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS OF FERTILITY -- National-Level Relationships -- Mortality -- Educational Attainment of Adults -- Schooling of Children: The Quantity-Quality Trade-Off -- The Combined Relation of Per Capita Income, Mortality, Education, and Fertility -- Household-Level Research -- EVIDENCE ON CHANGES IN CHILD MORTALITY -- Links to Fertility -- EVIDENCE ON CHANGES IN THE QUANTITY-QUALITY TRADE-OFF -- Opportunity Costs of Schooling -- Direct Costs -- Perceived Benefits of Schooling."]
[{"$nulls":4},"ECONOMIC STAGNATION AND ADJUSTMENT: EFFECTS ON FERTILITY -- Access to Education and Health -- Consequences for Human Capital Investment -- Summary -- CONCLUSION -- 4 The Household, Kinship, and Community Context -- THE HIGH-FERTILITY RATIONALE: AN OVERVIEW -- LINEAGE AND DESCENT -- The Predominant View of African Lineages and Descent -- Distinction Between Patrilineal and Matrilineal Societies -- An Alternative Perspective -- Summary of the Implications of Lineage Orientation -- KIN NETWORKS AND CHILD FOSTERING -- Child Fostering -- Fostering of Young Children -- Fostering of Older Children -- Summary of the Implications of Child Fostering -- THE CONJUGAL BOND -- Separate Residence -- Separate Economic Responsibilities and Resources -- Evidence for Emotional Nucleation -- Implications of the Weak Conjugal Bond -- PROSPECTS FOR CHANGE -- Land -- Schooling and Child Costs -- Economic Crises and Their Aftermath -- Contraceptive Innovators -- Summary -- LOCAL SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AND THE DIFFUSION OF FAMILY PLANNING -- National Female Political Associations -- Market Associations -- Local Women's Groups -- Local Government -- Summary -- CONCLUSION -- 5 Family Planning Programs and Policies -- THE AFRICAN CONTEXT FOR POPULATION AND FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS -- Weak Policy Support -- Relatively Late Program Implementation -- Generally Inadequate Resources -- Weak Absorptive Capacity -- Interregional Disparities -- INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL INFLUENCES ON POPULATION POLICY DEVELOPMENT -- HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS -- First Stage: Pioneers -- Second Stage: Mixed Private and Public Activities and Service Expansion -- Third Stage: Increasing Consolidation of Service Delivery -- Fourth Stage: Effects on Fertility -- PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED COUNTRIES -- Countries with Programs Demonstrating the Most Success to Date -- Kenya."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Botswana and Zimbabwe -- Countries with Historical Variation in Policy Development and Program Implementation -- Ghana -- Nigeria -- Uganda -- Countries with Consistently Weak Support for National Family Planning Programs -- Sudan -- Mali -- Zaire -- Countries Where Rapid Progress in Family Planning May Occur -- Rwanda -- Niger -- MAJOR DONORS FOR POPULATION ACTIVITIES -- LESSONS LEARNED FROM PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS -- Evidence of Demand for Fertility Regulation Services in Diverse Settings -- A Range of Service Delivery Strategies Have Been Successful -- Pilot and Operations Research Projects Have Contributed Substantially -- Family Planning Effort Is Associated With Contraceptive Prevalence19 -- Access to Family Planning Is Associated With Contraceptive Prevalence -- Donor Support Is Essential -- New Mechanisms Are Needed to Increase Resources -- Project and Program Success Needs to Be Interpreted "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Broadly -- PRIVATE VERSUS PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY, INCLUDING SOCIAL MARKETING -- THE IMPACT OF AIDS ON FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM ACTIVITY -- CONCLUSION -- 6 Regional Analysis of Contraceptive Use -- FEMALE EDUCATION AND CONTRACEPTIVE PRACTICE -- Ideal Family Size -- Knowledge and Use of Modern Contraceptive Methods -- MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE USE -- Relationships Among Background Variables -- Relative Importance of These Background Variables in Contraceptive Practice -- Conclusions -- 7 Contribution of Modern Contraceptive Use Relative to Postpartum Practices to Fertility Decline -- THE TWO-PHASED FERTILITY TRANSITION -- Regional Patterns of Nuptiality -- Regional Patterns of Postpartum Infecundability -- Role of Education in the Two-Phased Transition -- CONTRACEPTION, NONSUSCEPTIBILITY, AND FERTILITY DECLINE -- THE UNCERTAIN FUTURE -- CONCLUSION -- 8 Conclusions -- FINDINGS -- RESEARCH GAPS."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Levels and Trends in Contraceptive Use-Contraceptive Discontinuation -- Socioeconomic Context -- Effects of Economic Downturns -- Effects of Child Mortality and AIDS on Demand for Children and Attitudes Toward Family Planning -- Costs of Investments in Children, Including Education -- Female Education, Income, and Contraceptive Use -- Community/Kinship/Household -- Extent of Nucleation of the Family and Child Fostering -- Quantification of Kinship Factors -- Local Social Organization and the Diffusion of Family Planning -- Population Policies and Program Implementation-Service Availability at the Regional Level -- Appendix A Adapting the Easterlin-Crimmins Synthesis Model to Sub-Saharan Conditions -- DEMAND FOR BIRTHS -- SUPPLY OF BIRTHS -- Appendix B Sample Sizes for the WFS and DHS Regional Files -- References."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Discusses trends in contraceptive use, socioeconomic and program variables that affect the demand for and supply of children, and the relationship of increased contraceptive use to fertility declines."]