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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910973782303321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Segura-Ubiergo Alex"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Reforming Government Subsidies in the New Member States of the European Union / / Alex Segura-Ubiergo, Taline Koranchelian, Carlos Mulas-Granados"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2008"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9786612841163"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781462387076"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1462387071"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781452761190"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1452761191"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781282841161"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1282841165"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781451870237"]
[{"$nulls":4},"145187023X"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (41 p.)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"IMF Working Papers"]
[{"$nulls":4},"IMF working paper ; ; WP/08/165"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"338.9402"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Subsidies - European Union countries"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Agribusiness"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Agricultural law"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Agricultural Policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Agricultural policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Agriculture and state"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Energy industries & utilities"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Energy subsidies"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Energy: Demand and Supply"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Expenditures, Public"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Food Policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Government subsidies"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Infrastructure"]
[{"$nulls":4},"International Trade Organizations"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Macroeconomics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Prices"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public finance & taxation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public Finance"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Saving and investment"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Subsidies"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Tariff"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Tariffs"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Taxation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Trade Policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Transportation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Czech Republic"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Description based upon print version of record."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Contents; I. Introduction; II. Overview of Subsidy Reform in the New Member States; A. Concept and Definition; B. From Transition to EU Accession; C. Size and Composition of Subsidies; Tables; 1. Size of Subsidies; III. Analytical Framework Explaining Differences in Subsidy Reform Experiences; 2. Reductions in Subsidies by Type; A. External Conditionality; Figures; 1. External Conditionality and Variation of Reform Across Types of Subsidy; B. Domestic Constraints; C. Subsidy Reform in the New Member States: Underlying Factors; 3. Key Cases of Subsidy Reform; IV. State Aid Subsidy Reform"]
[{"$nulls":4},"A. Situation Prior to Accession4. State Aid in the New Member States; B. The Process of Reform; 5. Instruments to Finance State Aid for Manufacturing and Services; 2. State Aid Being Phased Out During Accession; 6. The Effects of State Aid Reform; C. The Sustainability of Reforms; V. Agricultural Subsidy Reform; A. Situation Prior to Accession; B. The Process of Reform; 3. Distribution of new EU's Agricultural Subsidies during Accession; 7. Agricultural Subsidies in the New Member States; 8. Share of Different Farm Types in Total Agricultural Land; C. The Sustainability of Reforms"]
[{"$nulls":4},"4. Agricultural Income in the Old and New Member StatesVI. Energy Subsidy Reform; A. Situation Prior to Accession; B. The Process of Reform; 9. Energy Subsidies in the New Member States; 10. New Instruments for Promoting Renewable Energies in the New Member States; 5. The Impact of Subsidy Reform on Household Expenditures; C. The Sustainability of Reforms; VII. Transport Subsidy Reform; A. Situation Prior to Accession; 11. Power Sector Regulatory Bodies in the New Member States; 12. Transport Subsidies in the New Member States; B. The Process of Reform; 6. Indicative Allocation of ISPA Funds"]
[{"$nulls":4},"C. The Sustainability of ReformsVIII. Conclusions and Policy Lessons; Appendixes; I. EU Rules; 13. State Aid for Horizontal Objectives and Particular Sectors; II. Country Examples; References"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Subsidy reform has been a key component of the pre-accession reform agenda of the 10 new member states that joined the EU in 2004 (EU-10). During the pre-accession period, these countries had to undertake a number of important structural reforms in their economies. One of the most critical reforms was to reduce, and in some cases, eliminate their subsidy programs. This paper analyzes how key subsidy reforms (in state aid to enterprises, agriculture, energy, and transportation) were carried out in the EU-10 during 1995–2005, and explains observed variations across types of subsidies and across countries. Based on an extensive qualitative analysis, the paper draws lessons for future successful reforms of government subsidies. 32B."]
[null,"2.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910957960403321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Hershock Martin J. <1962->"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"The paradox of progress : economic change, individual enterprise, and political culture in Michigan, 1837-1878 / Martin J. Hershock"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Athens, Ohio, : Ohio University Press, 2003"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"0-8214-4178-7"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (342 p.)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"977.4/02"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Michigan Politics and government 1837-1950"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Michigan Economic conditions"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references (p. 285-307) and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Contents -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 \"We Were then, as it were, Still in Our Knickerbockers\" -- 2 \"Because the People are, by the Grace of God, Free and Independent\" -- 3 \"This Age is Big With Importance\" -- 4 \"Politics . . . have Undergone a Thorough Change\" -- 5 \"Misfortunes Make Strange Bedfellows\" -- 6 \"We Know no Party Until the Contest Is Over\" -- 7 \"I am Sick and Pained that our Republicans so Act\" -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","The 19th-century Republican party played a central role in preserving the Union, ending slavery and opening the way for industrial capitalism, but this study argues that the story was far less simple and examines the contradiction that lay at the heart of Republican ideology."]