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[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Aspects of multilingualism in European language history / / edited by Kurt Braunmuller, Gisella Ferraresi"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Amsterdam ; ; Philadelphia, PA, : J. Benjamins Pub., 2003"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9786612160790"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781282160798"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1282160796"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9789027296016"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9027296014"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (299 pages)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Hamburg studies on multilingualism, , 1571-4934 ; ; v. 2"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"306.44/6/094"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Multilingualism - Europe - History"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Languages in contact - Europe - History"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Aspects of Multilingualism in European Language History -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC page -- Dedication page -- Table of contents -- Introduction -- Multilingualism in European language history: The default case -- The contents of the contributions -- References -- Oceano vox: You never know where a ship comes from -- 1. Ships, trade and language -- 2. Multilingualism and the lexis of shipping -- 3. Multilingualism and ships' names: Some specific examples -- Notes -- References -- Language contact and bilingualism in Flensburg in the middle of the 19th century -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The linguistic situation of Flensburg from the Middle Ages until the 19th century -- 3. The nationalist period of the 19th century -- 4. Language use in Flensburg in the middle of the 19th century -- 4.1. Case study 1: The family Christiansen-Fromm -- 4.2. Case study 2: The family Mechlenburg-v. Bentzen -- 5. Concluding remarks about monolingual and bilingual linguistic behaviour -- Unpublished data -- Notes -- References -- Written and spoken languages in Bergen in the Hansa era -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Norwegians and the Germans -- 2.1. The Hansa era in Bergen -- 2.2. Double diglossia? -- 2.3. A kind of bilingual community? -- 3. Grammatical changes -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. The merger of the feminine and the masculine genders -- 3.3. Suffixed definite article on "]
[{"$nulls":4},"proper nouns -- 4. Summary -- Notes -- References -- Vyborg -- 1. Vyborg: A multilingual city -- 2. The Karelian border region -- 3. Viborg and the Kingdom of Sweden -- 4. The Viborg governorship -- 5. Viborg and the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland -- 6. Viborg and the Republic of Finland -- 7. Viborg Swedish -- 8. German loans in Viborg Swedish -- 9. Finnish loans in Viborg Swedish -- 10. Russian loans in Viborg Swedish -- 11. Ein echter Wiburger geht auf allen Vieren -- Note."]
[{"$nulls":4},"References -- Dialect and language contacts on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 15th century until 1939 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Lithuanian-Belarusian transition zone as a centre of structural convergences -- 3. The political and linguistic situation before the partitions (until end of 18th century) -- 4. The main ethno-and sociolinguistic changes after 1795 until WW I -- 4.1. Urban vs. rural varieties -- 4.2. Belarusian -- 4.3. Lithuanian -- 4.4. Diachronic changes of the borders between Lithuanian (East Baltic) and Belarusian (East Slavic) dialects -- 4.5. The appearance of Polish rural varieties in the Lithuanian-Belarusian borderlands -- 5. The inter-war period -- 6. Pieces of reconstruction on the basis of some most recent findings -- 7. Concluding remarks -- Appendices -- Abbreviations of languages (varieties) -- Maps -- Sources of maps -- Notes -- References -- Swedish and Swedish -- 1. Stratification in language: Education and condescension. Noreen's stylistic scale -- 2. Educated speech - and honourable: Noreen and Hof -- 3. Pioneers of grammar: The oldest explicit testimony of diglossia -- 4. The Reformation Bible: A deliberate mix of standards? -- 5. The Vadstena friars: Deliberate selection? -- 5.1. St. Birgitta's Revelations -- 5.2. The Pentateuch paraphrase -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Did Latin influence German word order? -- 1. Behaghel's theory -- 2. The presence and role of Latin in the German Middle Ages -- 3. Some notes on Latin word order -- 3.1. General remarks -- 3.2. Archaic and classical Latin -- 3.3. Word order in Latin main and subordinate clauses -- 3.4. Clause marking -- 3.5. Summary -- 4. Some notes on Early New High German word order -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. The data against Latin influence -- 4.3. German syntax prior to standardization -- 4.4. The chancery language."]
[{"$nulls":4},"4.5. Summary -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- From unity to diversity in Romance syntax -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Unity: Clitic placement in medieval and early Renaissance Portuguese and Spanish -- 2.1. Unmarked main clauses: Enclisis and proclisis as variant patterns -- 2.2. Subordinate finite clauses and main clauses with proclisis triggers: Proclisis, interpolation, and OV order -- 2.3. A gradual change in clitic placement through the medieval period -- 3. The broken unity: Divergent outcomes of syntactic change -- 4. A diachronic generative syntax approach to clitic placement in Romance, with special reference to Portuguese and Spanish -- 4.1. Modern Romance vs. Old Romance -- 4.2. Change in clitic placement in Portuguese and Spanish: From unity to diversity -- 5. Conclusion -- 6. Appendix -- Notes -- References -- Sardinian between maintenance and change -- 1. Preliminary considerations -- 2. Language contact through the ages -- 3. Sardinian as a Romance language -- 4. Aspects of language shift -- 5. Codeswitching as an indicator for maintenance and shift -- 5.1. Data and methodology -- 5.2. Quantitative results -- 5.3. Qualitative investigation -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Language contact and Maltese intonation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Maltese and its development in the context of multilingualism -- 2.1. The Maltese language and bilingualism in Malta -- 2.2. Geographical and historical context -- 2.3. Origins and development of Maltese -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"2.4. The rise of multilingualism -- 3. The segmental phonology of Maltese -- 3.1. Consonantal phonemes -- 3.2. Vowel phonemes -- 4. Lexical stress in Maltese -- 4.1. The case of antepenultimate stress -- 4.2. Lexical stress assignment in Maltese from a comparative perspective -- 5. The intonation of Maltese -- 5.1. Intonation in declaratives with late focus."]
[{"$nulls":4},"5.2. Intonation in yes-no questions with late focus -- 5.3. Intonation in WH-questions -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Index -- The series HAMBURG STUDIES ON MULTILINGUALISM."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","This volume gives an up-to-date account of various situations of language contact and multilingualism in Europe especially from a historical point of view. Its ten contributions present newly collected data from different parts of the continent seen through diverse theoretical perspectives. They show a richness of topics and data that not only reveal numerous historical and sociological facts but also afford considerable insight into possible effects multilingualism and language contact might have on language change. The collection begins its journey through Europe in the British Isles. Then it turns to northern Europe and looks at how multilingualism worked in three towns that are all marked by border and contact situations. The journey continues with linguistic-historical and political-historical visits to Sweden and to Lithuania before the reader is taken to central Europe, where we will deal with the influence of Latin on written German.As far as southern Europe is concerned, the study continues on the Iberian peninsula, where the relationship between Portuguese and Spanish is focused, to be followed by Sardinia and Malta, two islands whose unique geohistorical positions give rise to some consideration of multilingualism in the Mediterranean."]