{"text_format":"2","workbook":"xls","n_sheets":1,"sheets":["report2"],"not_rendered":{"charts":0,"images":0,"macros":0,"external_links":1,"defined_names":1,"comments":0,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"run_cost":"one","rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900","formulas":"cached_only"}

{"sheet":"report2","index":0,"n_rows":58,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":58,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,2,0,3],[0,4,0,5],[1,2,1,3],[1,4,1,5],[2,2,2,3],[2,4,2,5],[3,2,3,3],[4,2,4,3],[8,2,8,3],[9,2,9,3],[10,2,10,3],[11,2,11,3],[12,2,12,3],[50,2,50,3],[51,2,51,3],[55,2,55,3]],"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910968240603321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Gu Grace Weishi"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Taxation and Leverage in International Banking / / Grace Weishi Gu, Ruud A. Mooij, Tigran Poghosyan"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2012"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9781475552218"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1475552211"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781475540680"]
[{"$nulls":4},"147554068X"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (36 p.)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"IMF Working Papers"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"332.1532"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Taxation - Econometric models"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial leverage - Econometric models"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Banking"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Banks and Banking"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Banks and banking"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Banks"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Business Taxes and Subsidies"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Capital and Ownership Structure"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Corporate & business tax"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Corporate income tax"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Corporate Taxation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Corporations"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Crisis management"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Debt bias"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Deposit insurance"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Depository Institutions"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Economic & financial crises & disasters"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial Crises"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial crises"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial Risk and Risk Management"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial Risk Management"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financing Policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Goodwill"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Income tax"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Micro Finance Institutions"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Mortgages"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Personal Finance -Taxation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public finance & taxation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Tax administration and procedure"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Tax allowances"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Tax policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Taxation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Taxes"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Value of Firms"]
[{"$nulls":4},"United States"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Description based upon print version of record."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Cover; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Theoretical Model; III. Empirical Methodology and Data; A. Methodology; B. Data; IV. Results; A. Baseline Regressions; B. Robustness Checks; C. Extension: Capital Tightness; V. Conclusions; References; Technical Appendix; Figures; 1. Bank Leverage Histogram; Tables; 1. Variable Source and Construction; 2. Summary Statistics; 3. Correlations; 4. Number of Banks; 5. Average Financial Leverage and Tax Rates; 6. Baseline Estimation Results; 7. Robustness Check Estimation Results: Standard Errors; 8. Robustness Check Estimation Results: Alternatives"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9. Robustness Check Estimation Results: Leverage Skewness and Tax Trend 10. Robustness Check Estimation Results: Subsamples; 11. Estimation Results: Capital Tightness"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","This paper explores how corporate taxes affect the financial structure of multinational banks. Guided by a simple theory of optimal capital structure it tests (i) whether corporate taxes induce subsidiary banks to raise their debt-asset ratio in light of the traditional debt bias; and (ii) whether international corporate tax differentials vis-a-vis foreign subsidiary banks affect the intra-bank capital structure through international debt shifting. Using a novel subsidiary-level dataset for 558 commercial bank subsidiaries of the 86 largest multinational banks in the world, we find that taxes matter significantly, through both the traditional debt bias channel and the international debt shifting that is due to the international tax differentials. The latter channel is more robust and tends to be quantitatively more important. Our results imply that taxation causes significant international debt spillovers through multinational banks, which has potentially important implications for tax policy."]