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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910964533003321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Laurens Bernard"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"The Measurement of Central Bank Autonomy : : Survey of Models, Indicators, and Empirical Evidence / / Bernard Laurens, Marco Arnone, Jean-François Segalotto"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2006"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9786613825964"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781462347780"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1462347789"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781451993387"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1451993382"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781283513517"]
[{"$nulls":4},"128351351X"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781451909401"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1451909403"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (85 p.)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"IMF Working Papers"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Banks and banking, Central - Management - Econometric models"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Monetary policy - Econometric models"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Central Banks and Their Policies"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Debt Management"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Debt"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Debts, Public"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Deflation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Government debt management"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Government policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Income economics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Inflation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Labor"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Labour"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Legal support in revenue administration"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Macroeconomics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Monetary Policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Price Level"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Price stabilization"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Prices"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public finance & taxation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public Finance"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public financial management (PFM)"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Revenue administration"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Revenue"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Sovereign Debt"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Wage bargaining"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Wages"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"United States"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","\"October 2006.\""]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references (p.79-85)."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"\"\"Contents\"\"; \"\"I. INTRODUCTION TO INDICATORS OF CENTRAL BANK AUTONOMY\"\"; \"\"II. BASE INDICATORS OF DE JURE AUTONOMY\"\"; \"\"III. SUBSEQUENT LITERATURE AND EMPIRICAL STUDIES ON BASE INDICATORS\"\"; \"\"IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS\"\"; \"\"Appendix I. Statistical Tables\"\"; \"\"Appendix II. Summary of Base Indicators of De Jure Autonomy Robin Bade, Michael Parkin ( 1977).\"\"; \"\"Appendix III. Summary of Base Indicators of De Facto Autonomy Alex Cukierman ( 1992).\"\"; \"\"Appendix IV. Summary of Empirical Studies on De Jure Autonomy\"\"; \"\"Appendix V. Summary of Empirical Studies on De Facto Autonomy\"\"; \"\"REFERENCES\"\""]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","This paper presents a survey of the literature on the measurement of central bank autonomy. We distinguish inputs that constitute the building blocks in the literature, and the literature that builds on them. Issues including sensitivity analysis, robustness, and endogeneity are discussed. The review shows that empirical evidence regarding the beneficial effects of central bank autonomy is substantial, although some technical issues still remain for further research. In particular, central bank autonomy raises the issue of subjecting the monetary authorities to democratic control; this calls for additional research on the linkages between central bank autonomy and accountability and transparency. Additional empirical analysis on the relationship between the financial strength of the central bank and its de facto autonomy, and between its autonomy and financial stability, would also be desirable."]
[null,"2.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910140147503321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Tehindrazanarivelo Djacoba Liva"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Les sanctions des Nations Unies et leurs effets secondaires : assistance aux victimes et voies juridiques de prévention"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Graduate Institute Publications, 2005"]
[{"$nulls":4},"[Place of publication not identified], : Graduate Institute Publications, 2005"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"2-940549-14-1"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[Nouvelle édition.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (xxvi, 526 pages)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"International"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"International Law"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Law, Politics & Government"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Treaties, International"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Francese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","L'imposition de nombreuses sanctions par les Nations Unies durant les années 1990 a mis au grand jour leurs effets dommageables sur la population civile de l'État-cible et les autres États. Ces effets secondaires posent d'importantes questions liées non seulement au droit constitutionnel de l'ONU et à son mécanisme de maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales, mais aussi aux droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine.  L'ouvrage étudie en profondeur les aspects juridiques de ces questions, en partant de l'article 50 de la Charte des Nations Unies qui octroie aux États le droit de consulter le Conseil de sécurité pour les difficultés économiques particulières dues à l'application des sanctions. Il examine le droit controversé prévu par cet article, un « droit de se plaindre » ou un droit à une assistance, à la lumière de l'assistance apportée aux États l'ayant invoqué et des récentes activités normatives des organes de l'ONU. L'ouvrage s'attarde aussi sur la pratique des dérogations humanitaires aux sanctions, qui tend à réduire les effets des sanctions sur la population civile de l'État-cible, en analysant la nature juridique de cette pratique et son évolution à travers le temps, dont le programme « pétrole contre nourriture » en Iraq.  L'ouvrage considère enfin les moyens de prévention des effets secondaires dont l'ampleur a amené les États à préciser l'objectif intrinsèque des sanctions et, partant, à les "]
[{"$nulls":4},"affiner au niveau de leur conception, de leur maintien et de leur levée. L'ouvrage examine alors les nouveaux concepts de « sanction intelligente », d'évaluation des effets potentiels puis réels des sanctions, et de prévision de clauses de sortie et de limite temporelle dans les résolutions sanctionnatrices. Il démontre que l'ONU a abandonné les sanctions économiques globales au profit de sanctions ciblées, de durée limitée, et évaluées par des experts quant à leurs effets politiques, économiques et humanitaires.  De par la richesse des domaines…"]