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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910962425003321"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Hurricane Hugo : Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and South Carolina, September 17-22, 1989 / / prepared by: Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands: Joseph H. Golden ... [et al.] ; South Carolina: Earl J. Baker ... [et al.] ; for Committee on Natural Disasters ... [et al.]"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1994"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9786610204007"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781280204005"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1280204001"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780309555913"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0309555914"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780585145013"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0585145016"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (296 p.)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Natural disaster studies ; ; v. 6"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"363.3/492"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Hurricane Hugo, 1989"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Hurricanes - South Carolina"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Hurricanes - Puerto Rico"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Hurricanes - Virgin Islands of the United States"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Buildings - Natural disaster effects - Puerto Rico"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Buildings - Natural disaster effects - South Carolina"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Buildings - Natural disaster effects - Virgin Islands of the United States"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references (p. 276)."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Hurricane Hugo -- Copyright -- Natural Disaster Studies -- Invitation For Discussion -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- PUERTO RICO AND THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS -- SOUTH CAROLINA -- HURRICAN HUGO METEOROLOGY CHRONOLOGY -- HURRICANE HUGO WEATHER ANNOUNCEMENT TIMELINE -- Contents -- LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS AND PUERTO RICO: SEPTEMBER 17-18, 1989 -- Meteorology/Storm History -- Warnings/Evacuations/Emergency Response -- Related Deaths -- Damages -- Physical Processes -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Hurricane Models -- Wind-Speed Data -- Informing Local Media -- Design Criteria -- Emergency "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Power Supply -- ALERT Rain Gage Network -- Emergency Broadcasts -- Evacuation Efforts and Shelters -- Coastal Zone Management -- SOUTH CAROLINA: SEPTEMBER 19-22, 1989 -- Meteorology -- Warnings and Evacuations -- Coastal Processes -- Related Deaths -- Damage to Buildings and Structures -- Damage to Lifelines -- Damage to Cultural Property -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Forecast Uncertainty -- Wind-Speed Measurement -- Storm-Surge Maps -- Coastal Zone Management -- Schools as Shelters -- Vulnerability of Vital Buildings to Wind Damage -- Lifeline Protection and Backup Power -- Emergency Equipment -- Education and Training About Hurricane-Resistant Construction -- Evacuation from High-Risk Structures -- Storm Insurance -- Protection of Historic Properties -- Recovery Planning -- State Responsibility -- HURRICANE HUGO, SEPTEMBER 17-18, 1989: PUERTO RICO AND THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS -- 1 Meteorology -- INTRODUCTION -- AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE -- MESOSCALE VARIATIONS IN STORM AND STRUCTURE -- IMPACTS ON THE ISLANDS -- UNIQUE DATA -- SURFACE-WIND-SPEED OBSERVATIONS -- FORECAST PERFORMANCE -- References -- 2 Hydrology -- INTRODUCTION -- PRECIPITATION -- St. Croix -- St. John and St. Thomas."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Puerto Rico -- FLOODING -- LANDSLIDES -- SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- 3 Emergency Planning and Response in Puerto Rico -- INTRODUCTION -- OPERATIONS OF THE WEATHER SERVICE FORECAST OFFICE IN SAN JUAN -- Reasons for WSFO Success/Effectiveness -- U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS DECISION-ARC METHODOLOGY -- EVACUATIONS -- FATALITIES AND HOMELESSNESS -- DAMAGE AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS -- COMPARISON OF WSFO AND SLOSH METHODOLOGIES -- DISASTER-RELATED PROGRAMS -- Sheltering -- WATER AND POWER SUPPLIES AFTER HUGO LANDFALL -- El Carraizo Dam -- Autoridad de Energia Electrica -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- 4 Surface Wind Speeds and Property Damage -- INTRODUCTION -- SOURCES OF DATA -- ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WIND SPEEDS -- St. Croix -- St. Thomas -- Vieques -- Culebra -- Puerto Rico -- DESIGN WIND SPEEDS -- U.S. Virgin Islands -- Puerto Rico -- Caribbean Region -- SUMMARY OF MAXIMUM WIND SPEEDS -- PROPERTY DAMAGE -- St. Croix -- St. Thomas -- Vieques -- Culebra -- Puerto Rico -- SUMMARY -- References -- 5 Lifelines -- INTRODUCTION -- ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS -- COMMUNICATIONS -- WATER SUPPLIES -- The Flooding of El Carraizo Pumping Plant -- AIRPORTS -- OTHER TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS -- OTHER LIFELINE SYSTEMS -- SUMMARY -- References -- 6 Coastal Processes -- INTRODUCTION -- STORM SURGE AND SHORE PROCESSES -- SHORELINE DESCRIPTIONS -- COMPARISON WITH THE SOUTH CAROLINA SHORELINE -- GENERAL OVERVIEW OF HUGO'S IMPACT -- STORM SURGE, PREDICTED AND OBSERVED -- SAND OVERWASH -- COASTAL FLOODING -- WAVE ATTACK -- DEGRADATION OF RECREATIONAL BEACH RESOURCES -- ''SETTING UP'' THE SHORELINE FOR WINTER STORM DAMAGE -- SOME UNIQUE UNDERSEA WATER DATA NEAR ST. CROIX -- SUMMARY -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- 7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- AERIAL RECONNAISSANCE -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- PREDICTION MODELS -- Conclusions."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Recommendations -- SURFACE-WIND-SPEED DATABASE -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- COMMUNICATION WITH THE NEWS MEDIA -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- WIND MODELS RELATING AIRCRAFT-MEASURED WINDS TO SURFACE WINDS -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- ALERT AUTOMATIC RAIN GAGE NETWORK AND BACKUP POWER SUPPLY FOR WATER REGULATORY STRUCTURES -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Conclusions -- Recommendations -- EBS NETWORK, SHELTER READINESS, AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL RESPONSE -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO IMPROVE BUILDING CODES AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- HURRICANE HUGO, SEPTEMBER 21-22, 1989: SOUTH CAROLINA -- 8 Introduction -- IMMEDIATE POST-STORM ENVIRONMENT -- INSURANCE CLAIMS -- FEDERAL ASSISTANCE FOR INDIVIDUALS, FAMILIES, AND BUSINESSES -- VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATIONS -- FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT -- References -- 9 Meteorology -- OVERVIEW -- STORM TRACK -- MOTION AND TRACK FORECAST PERFORMANCE -- INTENSITY PREDICTION -- WIND MEASUREMENTS BY RECONNAISSANCE AIRCRAFT -- ESTIMATION OF SURFACE WINDS USED IN PRELANDFALL ADVISORIES -- LANDFALL OF HURRICANE HUGO -- Radar Structure and Track -- Wind Asymmetries -- Storm Surge -- Local Statements and Data Acquisition -- SURFACE WINDFIELD AT LANDFALL -- Flight-Level Windfield Prior to Landfall -- Surface Data Processing -- Surface-Windfield Analysis at 0400 UTC -- Validation of Public Advisories -- Solutions for the Problem of Sparse Wind Observations -- POSTLANDFALL WINDFIELDS -- Windfield at 0300 EDT (Hugo Near Columbia, South Carolina) -- Windfield at 0600 EDT (Hugo Near Charlotte, Noah Carolina) -- GUST ENVELOPE AND FUJITA'S DAMAGE-DIRECTION ANALYSIS -- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Forecast Tools -- Wind Measurement -- Overland Tracking -- References -- 10 Warning and Response."]
[{"$nulls":4},"INTRODUCTION -- FORECASTS -- PUBLIC RESPONSE -- Evacuation Rates -- Evacuation Timing -- Type of Refuge -- Evacuation Destinations -- USE AND EVALUATION OF EVACUATION -- Surge Maps -- Clearance Times -- Behavioral Assumptions -- Decision Aids -- DECISION MAKING -- References -- 11 Coastal Processes -- INTRODUCTION -- STORM SURGE -- COASTAL EROSION -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 12 Water Erosion and Damage to Coastal Structures -- INTRODUCTION -- DAMAGE DESCRIPTIONS -- Seabrook Island -- Folly Beach -- Charleston and Vicinity -- Sullivan's Island and Isle of Palms -- McClellanville and Vicinity -- Northern Coast of South Carolina -- PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT -- Foundations -- Elevation -- Setback -- Appurtenant Structures -- Structural Member Connections -- Coastal Structures -- Seawalls -- Revetments, Groins, and Jetties -- Piers -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- 13 Wind Damage to Buildings and Structures -- INTRODUCTION -- NONENGINEERED BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES -- Signage and Canopies -- MARGINALLY ENGINEERED BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES -- FULLY ENGINEERED STRUCTURES -- Other Structures -- Water Tank -- Light Standards -- Bridge -- Crane -- CODES -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- General -- Nonengineered Buildings and Structures -- Marginally Engineered Buildings and Structures -- Fully Engineered Building and Structures -- 14 Lifelines -- INTRODUCTION -- POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS -- Power Plants and Substations -- Transmission Lines -- Distribution Lines -- TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS -- Roads and Bridges -- Airports -- COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS -- Telephone -- Radio and Television -- WATER AND WASTEWATER SYSTEMS -- Water -- Wastewater -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 15 Damage to Cultural Property -- INTRODUCTION -- CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA -- Response -- Libraries, Archives, and Museums -- Landscaping -- RECOMMENDATIONS."]
[{"$nulls":4},"EPILOGUE -- References."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","This volume provides an account of the 1989 Hurricane Hugo for historical purposes, evaluates the physical phenomena involved and the performance of structures and systems, and identifies and recommends cases where an in-depth study would improve our ability to analyze and forecast such failures."]