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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910960150003321"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Environmental priorities and poverty reduction : : a country environmental analysis for Colombia / / Ernesto Sanchez-Triana, Kulsum Ahmed, Yewande Awe, editors"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C. : , : World Bank, , c2007"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-280-94045-X"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786610940455"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0-8213-6889-3"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"liv, 504 pages : illustrations, maps ; ; 23 cm"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Directions in development. Environment and sustainable development"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"363.7009861"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Environmental health - Colombia"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Poverty - Colombia"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Industries - Environmental aspects - Colombia"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Pollution - Colombia"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Indoor air pollution - Colombia"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Fuel - Health aspects - Colombia"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Colombia Environmental conditions"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Local and Regional Environmental Authorities -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 1 Overview -- Objectives of the Country Environmental Analysis -- CEA Process and Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 A Unique Model for Environmental Management -- Institutional and Legal Foundations: 1952-74 -- Expansion of Roles and Legal Frameworks: 1975-93 -- The 1991 Constitution and Law 99 of 1993 -- Consolidating Institutions, Regulations, and Planning: 1994-2005 -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Actors and Institutions -- Environmental Information Systems -- SINA's Finances -- The Ministry of Environment -- National Environmental Council and National Technical Advisory Council -- National Planning Department -- Investigational Institutes -- National Parks System -- Public Participation -- Control Organizations -- Judiciary -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Decentralization: A Balancing Act -- Overall Performance of CARs -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Allocation of CAR Resources and Priority Setting -- Sources of CARs' Financial Resources -- Adequacy of Human and Technical Resources -- Sanitation Infrastructure -- Relationships between CARs and other SINA Entities -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Setting Environmental Priorities: Top Down and Bottom Up -- Annual Cost of Environmental Damage -- Costs by Environmental Category -- Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene -- Urban Air Pollution -- Indoor Air Pollution -- Agricultural Land Degradation -- Natural Disasters -- Perceptions of the Priority of Environmental Problems -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 6 Waterborne Diseases Remain Widespread -- Assessment of Policy Design, Efficiency, and Effectiveness -- Analysis of Policy Implementation."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Analysis of Alternative Interventions -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 7 Improving Air Quality -- Air Quality Management -- Performance of the Air Quality Management System -- Potential Interventions to Control Air Pollution -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 8 A Silent Killer: Indoor Air Pollution -- Acute Respiratory Illness in Colombia -- Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution -- A Benefit-Cost Analysis Framework -- Stove Efficiency -- Fuelwood Consumption -- Cost of Interventions -- Benefit-Cost Analysis -- Sensitivity Analysis -- Effectiveness of Indoor Air Pollution Control Programs -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 9 The Environmental Cost of Accelerated Urban Growth -- Urban Growth and Environment in Colombia -- Housing Policy: Main Environmental Difficulties and the Government's Response -- Conclusions and Recommendations-Housing and Urban Development -- Waste Management -- Background and Brief History -- Effectiveness of the Waste Management System -- Conclusions and Recommendations-Waste Management and Urban Development -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 10 Living with Natural Disasters -- Natural Disasters in Colombia: Occurrence and Impacts -- Effectiveness of Policy Design -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 11 Water Management in a Water-Rich Country -- Water Quantity -- Degradation of Water Bodies -- Water Pollution Control -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 12 Land Degradation and Deforestation -- Soil Erosion and Salinization: Magnitude and Dimensions of the Problem -- Forests -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 13 Biodiversity Loss and Other Global Environmental Problems -- Biodiversity -- The National Protected Areas System."]
[{"$nulls":4},"The Policy for Social Participation in Conservation -- Climate Change -- Ozone Depletion -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 14 Conclusions and Recommendations -- Tackling Environmental Priorities -- Conclusions -- Note -- References -- Boxes -- 2.1 Colombia's National Environmental System -- 11.1 Case Study of the Allocation of Water Resources in the Bogotá Savanna -- Figures -- 2.1 Public Environmental Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Colombia -- 2.2 Expenditures of SINA Agencies, 1995-2003 -- 5.1 Annual Cost of Environmental Damage -- 5.2 Estimated Annual Urban Costs -- 5.3 Estimated Annual Rural Costs -- 5.4 Costs by Category -- 5.5 Costs of Environmental Degradation (Health and Quality of Life) -- 5.6 Physical Costs by Category -- 5.7 Number of Deaths by Category -- 5.8 Deaths among Children, by Category -- 5.9 Annual Costs of Insufficient Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene -- 5.10 Annual Costs by Category -- 5.11 Annual Costs of Urban Air Pollution -- 5.12 Annual Costs of Indoor Air Pollution -- 5.13 Annual Costs of Agricultural Land Degradation -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"5.14 Costs of Environmental Degradation (Erosion and Salinity) -- 5.15 Estimated Annual Costs of Natural Disasters -- 5.16 Top Priorities for Colombia According to Lowest and Highest Income Groups -- 5.17 Top Priorities for Households According to Lowest and Highest Income Groups -- 6.1 Proportion of DALYs Attributable to Unsafe Water Ranges -- 6.2 Child Mortality and Water Network Coverage, by Department, 2002 -- 6.3 Child Mortality and Urbanization, by Department, 2002 -- 6.4 Benefit-Cost Ratios of Rural Water Sanitation, Low Case -- 6.5 Estimated Benefit-Cost Ratios for Handwashing, by Degree of Program Effectiveness."]
[{"$nulls":4},"6.6 Benefit-Cost Ratios over Time for Handwashing for Children under Age 5 (20 Percent Effectiveness Target) -- 6.7 Benefit-Cost Ratios for Drinking Water Disinfection Program, by Degree of Program Effectiveness -- 6.8 Benefit-Cost Ratios over Time for Drinking Water Disinfection Program (20 Percent Effectiveness Target) -- 7.1 Mean Annual Concentration of PM10 in Cities -- 7.2 Annual Health Cost of Urban Air Pollution -- 7.3 Annual Cost of Damage by Emission Source, Low Cost Estimate -- 7.4 Annual Cost of Damage by Emission Source, High Cost Estimate -- 7.5 Damage Cost per Ton of PM10, Low Cost Estimate -- 7.6 Damage Cost per Ton of PM10, High Cost Estimate -- 8.1 Annual Costs of Indoor Air Pollution -- 8.2 Proportion of DALYs Attributable to Indoor Smoke from Solid Fuels -- 8.3 ARI Prevalence in Children by Mother's Education Level -- 8.4 Stove Efficiency and Capital Costs -- 8.5 Stove Efficiency from a Study in Colombia -- 8.6 Solid Fuels as Main Cooking Fuel in Latin America and the Caribbean -- 8.7 Solid Fuels as Main Cooking Fuel in Rural Latin America and the Caribbean -- 9.1 Annual Gap between Formal Housing Construction and Creation of New Households -- 9.2 Solid Waste Generation in Latin American Cities -- 9.3 Composition of Waste -- 10.1 Geographical Distribution of Natural Disaster Threats in Colombia -- 10.2 Cumulative Monthly Occurrence of Flooding, Landslides, and Other Disasters -- 11.1 Internal Freshwater Resources Per Capita -- 12.1 Fertilizer Consumption -- 12.2 CAR Investment in Land Issues -- 13.1 National Protected Areas -- 13.2 Total CO2 Emissions in Colombia Compared with Other Countries, 1990 -- Tables -- 2.1 Characteristics of Corporations Established during 1954 to 1971 -- 2.2 Creation of Selected National Environmental Organizations in Latin America."]
[{"$nulls":4},"2.3 Annual Environmental Expenditure of CARs, MAVDT, and IDEAM as Percentage of GDP, 1995-2003 -- 2.4 Environmental Investments by CARs, 1995-2003 -- 3.1 Ministry of Environment Staffing and Salaries, 2002 -- 3.2 Ministry of Environment Investment Budget by Issue, 2002 -- 3.3 Recommendations -- 4.1 ASOCAR Data Variables with Direct Measures of Performance -- 4.2 Categorization of CAR Investment Projects -- 4.3A Severity of Risk versus Percentage of 2001 Total Investment by CAR: Soil Degradation -- 4.3B Severity of Risk versus Percentage of 2001 Total Investment by CAR: Flora and Fauna Degradation -- 4.3C Severity of Risk versus Percentage of 2001 Total Investment by CAR: Natural Disaster Prevention -- 4.3D Severity of Risk versus Percentage of 2001 Total Investment by CAR:Water Pollution -- 4.3E Relative Severity of Risk versus Relative Intensity of 2001 Investment by CAR: Air Pollution -- 4.3F Relative Severity of Risk versus Relative Intensity of 2001 Investment by CAR: Solid Waste -- 4.4A Investment Spending: Planned (PAT) versus Actual for CAR Cundinamarca, 2001 -- 4.4B Investment Spending: Planned (PAT) versus Actual for CORANTIOQUIA, 2001 -- 4.4C Investment Spending: Planned (PAT) versus Actual for CRA, 2001 -- 4.4D Investment Spending: Planned (PAT) versus Actual for CARDIQUE, 2001 -- 4.5 CAR Resources, 2003 -- 4.6 Recommendations -- 5.1 Annual Costs of "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Environmental Damage, Low and High Estimates -- 5.2 Baseline Data for Estimating Health Impacts -- 5.3 Estimated Annual Impacts on Health from Insufficient Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene -- 5.4 Estimated DALYs Lost to Diarrheal Mortality and Morbidity -- 5.5 Estimated Annual Cost of Diarrheal Illness -- 5.6 Estimated Annual Cost of Illness (Morbidity) by Category -- 5.7 Baseline Data for Cost Estimation -- 5.8 Annual Cases of Hepatitis A and Typhoid and Paratyphoid, 2000-03."]
[{"$nulls":4},"5.9 Estimated Annual Cost of Hepatitis A,Typhoid, and Paratyphoid."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Environmental Priorities and Poverty Reduction: A Country Environmental Analysis for Colombia proposes cost-effective policy and technical interventions aimed at abating the cost of environmental degradation and supporting more equitable and sustainable economic growth. Environmental degradation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and decreased productivity. Urban and indoor air pollution; inadequate water supply, sanitation, and hygiene; natural disasters (mainly floods and landslides); and land degradation are the environmental problems associated with the highest social and economic costs, falling most heavily on vulnerable people, especially poor children under five years old. Environmental Priorities and Poverty Reduction begins by exploring institutional change and environmental priorities in Colombia over the past 50 years, a time of substantial progress in environmental protection and rapid transition from a largely rural to a highly urbanized economy. Part II assesses the burden of disease rooted in inadequate water supply, sanitation, and hygiene; poor air quality; and natural disasters; and the environmental management practices to reduce that burden. A discussion of the environmental costs of rapid and unplanned urbanization is also included. Part III assesses the sustainable management of Colombia's rich endowment of natural resources. This book provides a wealth of information for policy decision-makers, government officials, and other professionals working in environmental policy and management, poverty reduction strategies, public health, environmental economics, and civil society issues."]