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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910958443003321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Baracat Elias"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Sustaining trade reform : institutional lessons from Argentina and Peru / / by Elias A. Baracat, J. Michael Finger, Raul Leon Thorne, and Julio J. Nogues"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, DC : , : World Bank, , [2013]"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9780821399873"]
[{"$nulls":4},"082139987X"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (pages cm)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Directions in development"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"382/.30982"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Argentina Commercial policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Argentina Commerce"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Peru Commercial policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Peru Commerce"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Background -- Analytical Framework -- Content of the Following Chapters -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 The Evolution of Trade Policy in Peru, 2001-11 -- Introduction -- Focus of This Chapter -- Economic Development: 1990-2000 -- Economic Development: 2001-10 -- Developing a Long-Term Vision -- Implementing the Long-Term Vision -- Negotiation and Implementation: Making Things Happen -- Other Examples of Good Governance Practices -- Final Remarks -- Annex 2A: Tariff Structure in Peru -- Annex 2B: Tariff Structure by Type of Good -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Import Substitution under the World Trade Organization: Argentina -- Introduction -- Import Substitution in Historical Perspective -- The External Environment in Reform Years and Since -- Trends in Import Barriers -- Other Import Substitution Policies -- Agricultural Trade and Food Subsidy Policies -- Lessons from Multilateral and Bilateral Tensions -- Concluding Remarks -- Annex 3A: Trade Flows by Origin or Destination and Type of Goods -- Annex 3B: Import Coverage of Nonautomatic Licenses -- Annex 3C: Joint Statement of Several WTO Members on Argentina's Import Restricting Policies and Practices -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Peru and "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Argentina: Different Paths -- Introduction -- Peru -- Argentina -- Accounting for the Difference -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Conclusions -- Introduction -- Commitment Is Nothing If It Does Not Create Importer Rights in National Law and Regulation -- Maintain the Momentum of Liberalization -- Focus on National Process -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- Figures -- Tables -- Back Cover."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Factually, the principal finding of this book is that the trade policy reforms introduced by Peru in the 1990s have continued over several changes of president, whereas similar reforms in Argentina have been reversed. In both countries, the reforms included the introduction of new mechanisms for managing trade policy as well as the reduction of restrictions. Throughout the decade beginning in 2000, Peru\u0092s liberalization expanded. The new institutions became more robust, and through them pressures for protection were effectively contained. At the same time, Argentine trade policy returned to the high-protection import substitution regime in place before the 1990s reforms. Multiple restrictions have been imposed, mostly through a reversion to informal methods that abjure the governance characteristics that the 1990s reforms introduced.The difference between the two cases cannot be explained by economic parameters such as resource endowments or external shocks. Peru\u0092s reforms manifest the buoyant and confident attitude toward the global economy that reform leaders were able to introduce into Peruvian politics. In the words of former president Alan García, there is an eagerness to \"climb up on the wave of growth.\" In comparison, Argentina\u0092s current development strategy sees international trade as detrimental to Argentina\u0092s interests unless participation by Argentine buyers and sellers is guided by government intervention.The Peruvian case provides examples of successfully managing the politics of reform and the technical aspects of policy so as to establish transparent and participatory processes that weigh accurately the impact of trade policy on all affected domestic parties. The Argentine case demonstrates that the World Trade Organization legal system is not an effective restraint on a government that wants to revert to an import substitution"]
[{"$nulls":4},"regime. International cooperation has been useful when it has recognized and influenced domestic sovereignty over economic regulation; however, it is not been useful when approached as a matter of international regulation of national actions."]