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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910956396903321"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Cigarette consumption and health effects / / George G. Chen, editor"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Hauppauge, N.Y., : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2013"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-62257-775-2"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (243 p.)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Public health in the 21st century"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"613.85"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Smoking - Health aspects"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Tobacco - Physiological effect"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Description based upon print version of record."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS -- CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Health,  an Unfolding Battle -- References -- Chapter 1: Tobacco Smoke and Breast Cancer Risk: Rapid Evolution of Evidence and Understanding in the Early 21st Century -- Abstract -- Introduction -- A. Active Smoking and Breast Cancer Risk -- Smoking Risk before First Birth Appears to Be the Critical Window  for Exposure -- Smoking before First Birth and Breast Biology and Toxicology -- Smoking Only before First Pregnancy Versus Only after First Pregnancy -- Active Smoking and NAT2 Status -- Active Smoking Conclusions -- B. Secondhand Smoke and Breast Cancer Risk -- Misclassification of SHS Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk -- The Differences in Estimated Risk from Isolated Ever Exposure Versus Comprehensive Higher Exposure Measures -- Other Summarization of SHS Literature -- Secondhand Smoke Conclusions -- Overall Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- Disclaimer -- References -- Chapter 2: Cigarette Smoking and the Risk of Breast Cancer - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Meta-Analysis on Various Measures of Active Smoking in Relation -- Amount Of Smoking -- Duration of Smoking -- Age Started Smoking -- By Menopausal Status of Breast Cancer -- By Smoking at Different Reproductive Period -- By Hormone Receptor Status of Breast Cancer -- Potential Effect Modification by Genotype -- Passive Smoking -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Significance of Smoking in Cervical Carcinogenesis -- Abstract -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Introduction -- 1. Smoking and Cervical Lesions: Epidemiology -- 2. Smoking and Cervical Epithelial Carcinogenesis -- 2.1. Mechanisms of Action -- 2.2. Smoking and Cervical Immunology."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Association of Gene Polymorphisms with Lung and Colorectal Cancers in Relation to Smoking -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Metabolic Enzymes -- Gene Polymorphisms of Metabolic Enzymes and -- Lung Cancer Risk -- Gene Polymorphisms of Metabolic Enzymes -- and Colorectal Cancer Risk -- DNA Repair Pathways -- Gene Polymorphisms of DNA Repair Pathways -- and Lung Cancer Risk -- Gene Polymorphisms of DNA Repair Pathways -- and Colorectal Cancer Risk -- References -- Chapter 5: The Effect of Cigarette Smoking  on Progression in Different  Laryngeal Lesions -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Patients and Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Impact of Smoking on Oral Mucosa  and Reproduction: Effects on Humans  and Experimental Models -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Noxious Effects of CS on Oral Tissues -- Smoking and Reproduction -- Effects of Smoking on Male Reproductive Function -- Effects of Smoking on Female Fertility -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7: Effect of Chronic Smoke in Human  Oral Mucosa: The Morphological  Point of View -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Smoke Chemical Composition -- Smoke and Oral Mucosa -- Human Oral Mucosa -- Human Oral Mucosa and Intercellular Adhesion -- Smoke and Intercellular Adhesion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Cigarette Smoking and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Design -- Samples -- Methods -- Biochemical Assays -- Lipid Profile Assay -- Tobacco Biomarkers -- Clinical Evaluation -- Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Smokers -- Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations -- Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Activity and Lipid Parameters in Smokers."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Smokers -- Correlation between these Factors and Two Biological Tobacco Markers -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Potential Role of Cigarette Smoking in Two Emerging Endemic Diseases: Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes Mellitus -- Abstract -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Definition and Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease -- Smoking as a Risk Factor for Initiation and Progression of CKD in the General Population -- Role of Tobacco in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease -- Smoking and IgA Glomerulonephritis -- Cigarette Smoking -  Importance in Hypertensive Nephropathy -- Smoking: A Common Origin of Ischemic Nephropathy -- Tobacco Use in Lupus Nephritis -- Patients on Renal Replacement Therapy (End-stage Renal Failure -- Hemodialysis -- CAPD -- Transplantation) - Effect of Smoking -- Conceptions for the Pathomechanisms of Smoking-induced Kidney Damage in CKD Patients -- Hyperfiltration -- Nicotine -- Oxidative Stress -- Tubulointerstitial Injury -- Gene Modification -- Reversibility -- Histological Alterations of the Kidney due to Tobacco Consume -- Renal Vessels -- Glomerular and Tubulointerstitial Alterations -- Role of Cigarette Smoking in the Development of Insulin Resistance, Impaired Fasting Glucose, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome -- Cigarette Smoking Promotes the Commencement of Diabetic Nephropathy in a Mixed Population of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients -- Development of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus -- Cigarette Smoking - Effect on the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy of Type 1 Diabetics -- Initiation of Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Due to Chronic "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Cigarette Smoking -- Tobacco as a Progression Promoter of DNP in Type 2 Diabetes -- Diabetic Smokers with End-stage  Renal Failure and Renal  Replacement Therapy."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Smoking as a Risk Factor for All-cause  Mortality in Type 1 and Type 2  Diabetic Patients with CKD -- Possible Contribution of Smoking to Diabetic Nephropathy -- Podocyte Damage -- Hyperfiltration and Limited or Abolished Glomerular Autoregulation -- Nicotine -- Genetic Predisposition -- Heavy Metals -- Impaired Vasodilation -- Elevated Resting Energy Expenditure -- Reversibility -- Histology in Diabetic Nephropathy and Metabolic Syndrome -- Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 10: Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Design -- Samples -- Methods -- Smoking Questionnaire -- Biochemical Assays -- Paraoxonase Activity -- Tobacco Biomarkers -- Clinical Evaluation -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Risk Factors of Oxidative Stress in Smokers -- Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Plasma Total Homocysteine Concentrations -- Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Activity in Smokers -- Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Uric Acid Levels -- Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Bilirubin Levels -- Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Albumin Levels -- Effect of Cigarette Smoking on MDA Levels -- Correlation between the Studied Oxidative Stress Factors and Two Biological Tobacco Markers -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Causality of Cigarette Smoking among Young Men in Taiwan -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Study Sample and Study Design -- Data Collection and Measurement -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12: Review - Bacteria, Mold and Microbial Toxinsof Cigarettes -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- FDA List of Harmful Constituents of Tobacco Smoke -- Structured Studies of Tobacco Smoke Chemical Toxicants -- Aflatoxin B1 - First Listing of a Microbe-derived Carcinogen of Tobacco."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Tobacco Microbes and Microbial Toxins - Propensity for Harm -- Tobacco Microbes, Cigarette Smoke and Carcinogenic Nitrosamines -- 2. Tobacco Microflora, Curing and Fermentation -- The Microbiology of Tobacco -- Biological and Chemical Components in Tobacco - A New Perspective -- 3. Chronic Inflammation and Tobacco Smoke -- Tobacco Microbes and Lung Leukocyte Toll Receptors -- Cigarette Smoke, Chronic Inflammation, and Impaired Immunity -- Inhaled Microbes and the Alveolus -- Toll Receptor Mediated Pro-inflammatory Response -- LPS in Tobacco Smoke -- 4. COPD and Chronic Inflammation -- Bacterial Colonization of the Lung -- 5. Transfer of Tobacco Flakes into  Mainstream Smoke -- Tobacco Bacteria Escape Pyrolysis -- 6. Immune Response to the Inhalation of Tobacco-associated Bacillus -- Cigarettes, Tobacco, Bacteria and Spores -- Cigarettes, Tobacco, and Mold -- 7. Chewing Tobacco and Microbes -- Potential Pathogens and Aflatoxin -- Summary -- References -- Index."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Cigarette smoking is a well-known public health issue which has a great impact on society, medical insurance, government policy and population health in general. Although we all know that cigarette smoking will damage health and even cause cancers, for certain reasons, the habit of smoking persists in our society. Therefore, while we continue to warn people of the toxic effect of cigarette smoking on health, we need to find out how the damages occur, and how to prevent it or how to minimize the outcome. This book consists of 12 chapters that address different aspects of cigarette consumption and health effects. The content of these chapters should be valuable for policy makers, investigators, and the public by providing a source of "]
[{"$nulls":4},"information which they may refer to when dealing with cigarette smoking issues."]