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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910956284403321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Madrigal Marcelino"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Operating and planning electricity grids with variable renewable generation : : review of emerging lessons from selected operational experiences and desktop studies / / Sustainable Energy Department, The World Bank"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, DC : , : World Bank, , 2012"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9780821397367"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0821397362"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"pages cm"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"A World Bank Study"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"333.793/2"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Energy development"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Renewable energy resources"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Power resources"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Electric utilities"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Sustainable development"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Description based upon print version of record."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Cover; Contents; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Executive Summary; Tables; Table ES.1: Strategies to Manage Variability of Renewables in System Operations and Some Prerequisites for Their Application and Effectiveness; Chapter 1 The Challenges of Integrating Wind and Solar Generation; Introduction; Wind and Solar Development; Figures; Figure 1.1: Leading Countries in Installed Wind Capacity, 2010; The Operational Challenges in Integrating Wind and Solar Generation; Figure 1.2: Top 10 Countries in Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Capacity, 2010, by Percent"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Table 1.1: Leading Countries in Energy Penetration from Wind Energy (2009, unless otherwise indicated)Boxes; Box 1.1: Variable Renewable Sources: Dispatchable, But Not Controllable; Box 1.2: What Grid Codes Can and Cannot Do; Understanding Electricity Systems' Operational Time Frames and the Impact of the Variability of Wind and Solar Generation; Figure 1.3: Power System Operation Time Frames; Table 1.2: Flexibility Characteristics of Some Generation Technologies; Summary of Findings from Variable Generation Integration Studies and Operational Experiences"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Table 1.3: Reserve Definitions in Germany, Ireland, and the United "]
[{"$nulls":4},"StatesTable 1.4: Additional Up-Regulation per 1,000 MW of Incremental Wind Generation Capacity in ERCOT; Figure 1.4: Integration Costs at Various Levels of Wind Power Capacity Penetration; Figure 1.5: Incremental Balancing Reserves at Various Levels of Wind Power Capacity Penetration; Table 1.5: Operational Time Frames; Box 1.3: Estimating Short-Term Reserve Requirements from Wind and Solar Variability; Figure 1.6: Example of Wind Ramps in Spain: Top Wind Power Drops, Bottom Combined Cycle Gas Power Output Increases"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Other Findings from Operational ExperiencesBox 1.4: Bonneville Power Administration's Environmental Redispatch Policy; Figure 1.7: Installed Wind Capacity in China, 2000-10; Figure 1.8: An Example of Daily Load, Net Load, and Wind Production in China; Table 1.6: Synopsis of Case Study of Wind Integration in China; Figure 1.9: dena Grid Study II Transmission Scenarios; Table 1.7: Synopsis of Wind Integration in Germany; Solar Integration; Table 1.8: Synopsis of Wind Integration in Spain"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Figure 1.10: Average Load, Net Load, and Wind and Solar Hourly Profiles from a Grid Integration Study in CaliforniaFigure 1.11: One- and 10-Minute Ramps from Six PV Plants in Las Vegas; Figure 1.12: Cumulative Distributions of Ramps from Individual PV Plants, Pairs of Variously Spaced Plants, and the Aggregate of All Plants in Arizona; Note; Table 1.9: Estimated Unit Cost of Reserves to Manage Short-Term Solar Variability; Chapter 2 Integration Strategies and Solutions; Table 2.1: Strategies for Integrating Variable Generation; Forecasting; Note"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Chapter 3 Contribution of Variable Power Sources to Supply Adequacy"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","The paper 'Challenges and Approaches to Electricity Grids Operations and Planning with Increased Amounts of Variable Renewable Generation: Emerging Lessons from Selected Operational Experiences and Desktop Studies' focuses on analyzing the impacts of variable renewable energy on the operation and planning of the the power system (mostly, generation system). It is aimed at informing stakeholders in power utilities, regulatory bodies and other relevant audiences, on the fundamentals of technical challenges and approaches to operate electricity grids with renewable energy. It covers renewable ene"]