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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910955979603321"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"East Asia decentralizes : making local government work"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C., : World Bank, 2005"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-280-15671-6"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780821360604"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786610156719"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0-8213-6060-4"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"ix, 267 pages : illustrations ; ; 28 cm"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"352.2/83"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Decentralization in government - East Asia"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Political science"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 EAST ASIA DECENTRALIZES -- 2 THE RULES OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL GAME IN EAST ASIA: DECENTRALIZATION FRAMEWORKS AND PROCESSES -- 3 ACHIEVING FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY -- 4 FISCAL DISPARITIES IN EAST ASIA: HOW LARGE AND DO THEY MATTER? -- 5 PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON THE FRONTLINE: TOWARD EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT BY SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS -- 6 SUBNATIONAL OWN-SOURCE REVENUE: GETTING POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION RIGHT -- 7 MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES IN A DECENTRALIZED CONTEXT -- 8 DECENTRALIZING HEALTH: LESSONS FROM INDONESIA, THE PHILIPPINES, AND VIETNAM -- 9 EDUCATION REFORMS IN EAST ASIA: POLICY, PROCESS, AND IMPACT -- 10 DECENTRALIZING BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES -- 11 GOVERNANCE GONE LOCAL: DOES DECENTRALIZATION IMPROVE ACCOUNTABILITY? -- 12 COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT: DECENTRALIZATION'S ACCOUNTABILITY CHALLENGE -- BOXES -- 1.1 Variants of Decentralization: Pros and Cons -- 1.2 Hard Budget Constraints -- 5.1 The Backdoor Route to Decentralization in China -- 5.2 China: Devolution by Default Rather Than by Design -- 5.3 The Block Grant Experiment in Ho Chi Minh City -- 6.1 Revenue Assignment across Subnational Governments in China's Gansu Province -- 6.2 Improving Tax Administration in Quezon City, Philippines -- 6.3 Local Revenue Administration in Action in East Asia -- 7.1 Personnel Exchange in India and Japan: Whose Capacity Is Being Strengthened? -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"7.2 Lessons from Uganda's District Service Commissions -- 8.1 Local Innovations in Health Service Delivery in the Philippines -- 9.1 School Report Cards in Paraná: A New Incentive System -- 10.1 Vietnam's Red River Delta: Efficiency Gains from Decentralizing Irrigation -- 10.2 Vietnam: Watershed Management -- 10.3 Indonesia: When Transport Regulations Distort Trade -- 10.4 The Philippines: Toll Road Management -- 12.1 CDD Projects in Three East Asian Countries."]
[{"$nulls":4},"12.2 Funds Arriving in Cambodian Schools -- FIGURES -- 1.1 Subnational Expenditures as a Share of Total Public Spending -- 4.1 Percentage of Population Living below PPP2 a Day in 2002, East Asia and Pacific -- 4.2 Disparity in Provincial per Capita Revenues Before and After Transfers -- 7.1 Subnational Employees as a Share of Total Government Employment -- 7.2 Personnel Spending as a Share of Total Subnational Government Expenditures -- 9.1 Net Enrollment Rates in East Asia, 2000 -- 9.2 Central and Local Government Education Spending in the Philippines -- 9.3 Literacy and Enrollment Rates in China, by Province -- 9.4 Literacy and Enrollment Rates in the Philippines, by Region -- 9.5 Enrollment Rates in Indonesia, by Province -- 11.1 The Accountability Framework -- 11.2 Decentralization and the Accountability Framework -- 11.3 The Negative Impact of Decentralization, as Cited by Firms in Indonesia -- 11.4 Obstacles to Business, as Cited by Firms in Indonesia -- 11.5 Informal Payments after Decentralization, as Cited by Firms in Indonesia -- 12.1 Project Disbursement in Indonesia by Ratio, Fiscal Years 2000-2 -- 12A.1 Bankwide CDD Lending for Fiscal Years 2000-3 -- 12A.2 Regional Trends-CDD Investments by Fiscal Year -- 12A.3 CDD Project Breakdown by Country -- 12A.4 CDD Project Breakdown by Sector -- 12A.5 Sectoral Breakdown of CDD Projects by Country -- TABLES -- 1.1 Economic and Demographic Trends in East Asia, 1975-2002 -- 1.2 Expenditure Shares and Functional Allocations in East Asia -- 1.3 Vertical Organization of Intergovernmental Systems in East Asia -- 1.4 Subnational Fiscal Structure of Selected East Asian Countries -- 2.1 Levels of Government Administration -- 2.2 Decentralization Policy -- 2.3 Decentralization Frameworks -- 2.4 Basic Features of Political Systems -- 2.5 Subnational Assemblies and Elections."]
[{"$nulls":4},"2.6 Subnational Budgetary and Personnel Autonomy -- 2.7 Subnational Transparency -- 2.8 Subnational Civic Participation and Civil Society -- 2.9 Subnational Functional Assignments and Expenditure Shares -- 2.10 Subnational Revenues -- 2.11 Intergovernmental Transfers -- 2.12 Responsibility for Managing Decentralization -- 2.13 Decentralization Strategies -- 2.14 Building Decentralization Capacity -- 3.1 Subnational Borrowing Practices -- 3.2 Subnational Fiscal Risks -- 4.1 Disparities in Provincial Revenues before Grants, per Capita -- 4.2 Disparities in China's Provincial Fiscal Outcomes, per Capita, 1979-2002 -- 4.3 Variation in Revenues across Provinces in Indonesia, 1994-2002 -- 4.4 Equalization in Intergovernmental Transfer Systems -- 4.5 Disparities in Province-Level Revenues After Grants, per Capita -- 4.6 Evidence of Equalization -- 4.7 Disparities in Province-Level HDI Indices, 1997-2002 -- 4.8 Disparities in Province-Level Persons per Hospital Bed, 1997-2002 -- 4.9 Disparities in Province-Level Life Expectancy, 1996-2002 -- 4.10 Disparities in Province-Level Literacy Rates, 1994-2002 -- 4.11 Expenditure Disparities and Service Outputs and Outcomes at the Subnational Level -- 4.12 Fiscal Disparities and Public Services Outputs and Outcomes in China, 1985-2000 -- 5.1 Expenditure Decentralization in East Asia in Comparative Perspective -- 5.2 Expenditure Assignments in East Asian and Comparison Countries -- 5.3 Strength of Core Expenditure Management Processes at Subnational Levels -- 5.4 Do EA5 Countries Meet Conditions for "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Effective Decentralization of Expenditure Management? -- 5.5 Distribution of Expenditures and Revenues in China, by Administrative Level -- 6.1 Estimated Own-Source Revenue of Subnational Governments -- 6.2 Classification of Subnational Taxes by Degree of Central vs. Local Control."]
[{"$nulls":4},"6.3 Tax Assignment by Local Government in the Philippines -- 6.4 Own-Source Revenue Assignment -- 6.5 Highest-Yield Fees and Sources of Operating Revenues of Subnational Governments in the Philippines, 2000 -- 6.6 Most Significant Charges by Local and Provincial Governments in Indonesia, 2002 -- 6.7 Own-Source Revenue Composition by Type of Local Government in the Philippines, 2001 -- 6.8 Composition of Regional Revenue in Indonesia, 2002 -- 6.9 Annual Nominal Growth in Local Own-Source Revenue in Indonesia, 1996-2002 -- 6.10 Tax Administration Models in East Asia -- 7.1 Key Features of Administrative Decentralization -- 7.2 Central Authority over the Subnational Civil Service -- 7.3 Staffing Authority among Subnational Governments -- 8.1 Selected Health Status Indicators -- 8.2 Health Status of the Poorest and Richest Population Groups in Selected East Asian Countries -- 9.1 Student Performance on Mathematics and Science Tests -- 9.2 Percentage of Decisions Related to Lower Secondary Education at Each Level of Government, 1998 and 2003 -- 9.3 Locus and Mode of Key Decisions in Lower Secondary Education, 1998 and 2003 -- 9.4 China: Education as a Share of Total Fiscal Expenditures -- 9.5 China: Per-Student Educational Expenditure, 1989, 1997, and 2000 -- 9.6 Philippines: Median Values of SEF Resources per Pupil -- 9.7 Indonesia: Per Capita Education Spending, 2001-2 -- 9A.1 Cross-Study Comparison of Functions -- 10.1 Road and Highway Investment in China -- 10.2 Road and Highway Investment in China, by Type -- 10.3 Piped Water Coverage within the Urban Population, Vietnam -- 10.4 Capital Spending as a Share of Local Government Expenditure, Philippines -- 10.5 Citizen Perceptions of Corruption in Different Layers of Government in Indonesia -- 10A.1 Water Supply Coverage Rates -- 10A.2 Sanitation Coverage Rates."]
[{"$nulls":4},"10A.3 Median Investment in Water Supply and Sanitation, 1990-2000 -- 10A.4 Median Urban Tariff Rate -- 11.1 Regulatory Burdens on Firms in Indonesia -- 11.2 Perceptions of Corruption in the Philippines -- 11.3 Sources of Information on Politics, as Cited by Households in the Philippines -- 11.4 Correlation between Funding Priorities of Public Officials and Households in the Philippines -- 11.5 Responses from Facilities on Administrative Delays in the Philippines -- 12.1 Points of Local Government Engagement in CDD Projects -- 12A.1 World Bank Lending in Support of CDD, Fiscal Years 2000-3 -- 12A.2 World Bank-Funded CDD Projects Open in the East Asia Pacific Region, as of June 30 2003."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","The past two decades have witnessed a fundamental transformation in the structure of government across East Asia. Prior to 1990 most East Asian countries were highly centralized; today, decentralization is ubiquitous throughout the region. From China to Thailand, sub-national governments are now responsible for the delivery of critical services and account for a significant proportion of total public expenditure. In just two decades, local and regional authorities have emerged as the organizational fulcrum on which much of the weight of development now falls. East Asia Decentralizes is the first attempt to look systematically at this phenomenon throughout East Asia. It is broken into four main sections. Chapters 1 and 2 provide an overview of the intergovernmental structures and frameworks that have emerged thus far, assess the status of the decentralization process, and identify key reform challenges for the future. Chapters 3-7 examine various "]
[{"$nulls":4},"dimensions of local and intergovernmental finance: sub-national borrowing; local revenues; public expenditure management; and the impact of the process on inter-regional equity and poverty reduction. The management of human resources is also covered here. Chapters 8-10 focus on the impact of decentralization on investment and service-delivery in three key sectors: health, education and basic infrastructure. The final two chapters (11-12) look at issues connected with local accountability and community driven development."]