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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910954510403321"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Food components to enhance performance : an evaluation of potential performance-enhancing food components for operational rations / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Bernadette M. Marriott, editor"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1994"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9786610210909"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781280210907"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1280210907"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780309568692"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0309568692"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"xv, 543 p. : ill"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"355.3/45"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Soldiers - United States - Nutrition"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Operational rations (Military supplies)"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Stress (Physiology) - Nutritional aspects"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references (p. 501-514) and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"FOOD COMPONENTS TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE -- Copyright -- Preface -- FOCUS OF THE REPORT -- HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEE -- COMMITTEE TASK AND PROCEDURES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Contents -- PART I Committee Summary and Recommendations -- 1 Introduction and Background -- THE COMMITTEE'S TASK -- Terms Used in This Report -- Report Organization -- MILITARY RESEARCH ON NUTRITIONAL ENHANCEMENT OF SOLDIER PERFORMANCE -- History and Current Research -- Design Issues for Rations -- Biochemical Strategies and Issues -- PERFORMANCE ISSUES AND MEASUREMENT APPROPRIATE TO THE MILITARY -- Physical Performance -- Mental Performance -- PROVIDING FOOD IN THE CONTEXT OF MILITARY COMBAT SETTINGS -- STRESS AND NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS -- The Central Nervous System -- Endocrine System Responses to Stress -- Immune System Responses to Stress -- Metabolic Responses to Stress and Activity -- POTENTIAL PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING FOOD COMPONENTS -- Physical Performance Enhancement -- Food Components that May Enhance Mental Performance -- Nutrients on Neurotransmitter release -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"SPECIFIC FOOD COMPONENTS -- Tyrosine -- Carbohydrates -- Glucose -- Structured Lipids -- Choline -- Functions of Choline -- Dietary Choline and Choline Deficiency -- Potential Areas of Clinical and Military Interest -- Caffeine -- Carnitine -- SAFETY AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF POTENTIAL PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING FOOD COMPONENTS -- Safety of Amino Acids -- Regulation of Food Components by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration1 -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 2 Conclusions and Recommendations -- CONCLUSIONS -- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS -- General Concepts of Performance Enhancement -- Food Components or Nutrients that Offer Potential to Enhance Performance -- Other Food Components of Theoretical Importance but Low Probability of Improving Performance -- ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS POSED TO THE COMMITTEE."]
[{"$nulls":4},"RECOMMENDATIONS -- General -- Recommendations Regarding Food Components Proposed by the Army -- Specific Recommendations -- Other Areas that Offer Research Potential -- AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- REFERENCES -- PART II Background and Introduction to the Topic -- 3 Nutritional Enhancement of Soldier Performance at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environment... -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- MACRONUTRIENT AND PERFORMANCE RESEARCH AT USARIEM -- Carbohydrate and Work at High Altitude -- Carbohydrate and Thermoregulation During Cold Exposure -- Carbohydrate and Work in the Heat -- Carbohydrate and Load-Bearing Work and Marksmanship -- NUTRITIONAL PHARMACOLOGY (CAFFEINE RESEARCH) -- NUTRITIONAL NEUROTRANSMITTER RESEARCH (TYROSINE) -- CURRENT USARIEM NUTRITION AND PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT RESEARCH -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 4 Optimizing the Design of Combat Rations -- INTRODUCTION -- OPTIMIZATION CONSIDERATIONS -- SELF-HEATING INDIVIDUAL MEAL MODULE -- Component Preservation -- Self-Heating -- Consumer Acceptance -- NUTRITIONAL ENGINEERING FOR PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT -- Basic Performance-Nutrient Concept -- Goal Programming -- Experimental Diets -- Tailored-Ration System -- SUMMARY: THE CHALLENGE -- REFERENCES -- 5 Biochemical Strategies for Ration Design: Concerns of Bioavailability -- INTRODUCTION -- PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR RATION DESIGN -- BIOCHEMICAL STRATEGIES FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF NUTRIENTS -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- PART III Military Issues -- 6 Evaluation of Physical Performance -- INTRODUCTION -- PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS AND THEIR EVALUATION -- Physiological Factors -- Metabolic Capacity -- Neuromotor Control -- Substrates and Tissue Homeostasis -- Assessment of Submaximal Endurance Capacity -- Laboratory Tests of Aerobic Endurance -- Field Task Tests of Aerobic Endurance."]
[{"$nulls":4},"RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7 The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Performance During Continuous Combat Operations -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 8 The Role of Context in Behavioral Effects of Foods -- INTRODUCTION -- DETERMINING A BASELINE -- EXPECTANCY -- CONTROLLING THE FOOD, STIMULUS, AND TREATMENT -- PEOPLE -- Individual Differences -- Clinical Disorders -- Social Influence -- CHEMICALS, FOODS, AND MEALS -- PERFORMANCE AND MOOD OUTCOMES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- PART IV Stress and Nutrient Interactions: Metabolic Consequences -- 9 Stress and Monoamine Neurons in the Brain -- INTRODUCTION -- SYNTHESIS OF MONOAMINES IN THE BRAIN -- Dopamine and Norepinephrine -- Serotonin -- STRESS AND BRAIN NOREPINEPHRINE -- Acute Stress -- Chronic Stress -- STRESS AND BRAIN DOPAMINE -- Acute Stress -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Chronic Stress -- STRESS AND BRAIN SEROTONIN -- Acute Stress -- Chronic Stress -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 10 Endocrine and Immune System Responses to Stress -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES -- Contributions of Hans Selye -- Studies of Endogenous Pyrogen -- Studies of Infectious Stress -- Studies in Ranger Trainees -- Immunological Progress -- ENDOCRINE RESPONSES TO STRESS -- Catecholamines -- Adrenocortical Responses -- CRF and ACTH -- Adrenal Glucocorticoids -- ADRENAL MINERALOCORTICOIDS -- Growth Hormone -- Thyroidal Responses -- Other Pituitary Hormones -- Testosterone -- Pancreatic Hormones -- Intestinal Hormones -- Other Hormones and Neuroendocrines -- IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSES TO STRESS -- Changes in Lymphoid Cells and Tissues -- Lymphocyte Counts in Stress -- Humoral Immunity and Stress -- Cell-Mediated Immunity and Stress -- Lymphocyte Responses to Mitogens -- Natural Killer Cell Activity -- Cytokine Responses to Stress."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Microbicidal and Tumoricidal Effects of NO -- The Immunological Role of Arginine -- The Acute Phase Reaction -- Interleukin-1 -- Tumor Necrosis Factor -- Interleukin-6 -- Potential Importance of Stress Proteins -- Military Aspects of the Acute-Phase Reaction -- Malnutrition and Immune System Dysfunctions -- Nutritional Support for the Immune System -- HORMONAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS DURING STRESS -- Hormonal Effects on Immune System Functions -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 11 The Metabolic Responses to Stress and Physical Activity -- INTRODUCTION -- UNDERLYING CONCEPTS -- THE FOCUS ON FUEL METABOLISM -- Metabolic Fuel Homeostasis During Physical Exercise -- Fuel Homeostasis Under Baseline Conditions -- Fuel Homeostasis During Exercise -- Levels of Metabolic Integration During Exercise -- FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FUEL UTILIZATION DURING EXERCISE -- BICYCLE ERGOMETER STUDIES -- ENDOCRINE INTERACTIONS -- INFORMATION DERIVED USING THE PANCREATIC CLAMP TECHNIQUE -- INFORMATION FROM OTHER ANIMAL MODELS -- INTERPRETATIONS OF THE METABOLIC DATA -- SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART V Potential Performance-Enhancing Food Components -- 12 Food Components That May Optimize Physical Performance: An Overview -- INTRODUCTION -- ACTIONS OF SPECIFIC FOODS AND DERIVATIVES OF FOOD PRODUCTS -- Ergogenic Aids That Act as Central or Peripheral Nervous System Stimulants -- Ergogenic Aids That Increase the Stored Amount or Availability of a Limiting Substrate -- Ergogenic Aids That Act as a Supplemental Fuel Source or Reduce Reliance on a Limiting Fuel Store -- Ergogenic Aids That Reduce or Neutralize Metabolic By-Products -- Ergogenic Aids That Enhance Recovery -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 13 Effects of Nutrients on Neurotransmitter Release1 -- INTRODUCTION."]
[{"$nulls":4},"FOOD CONSUMPTION, TRYPTOPHAN AVAILABILITY, AND BRAIN SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS -- BRAIN SEROTONIN, NUTRIENT CHOICE, AND CARBOHYDRATE CRAVING -- UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES WILL NUTRIENT INTAKE AFFECT NEUROTRANSMISSION? -- TYROSINE EFFECT ON DOPAMINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE SYNTHESIS -- EFFECTS OF CHOLINE ON SYNTHESIS OF ACETYLCHOLINE AND PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 14 Performance-Enhancing Effects of Protein and Amino Acids -- INTRODUCTION -- EFFECT OF DIETARY PROTEIN: LONG-TERM CONSIDERATIONS -- EFFECT OF DIETARY PROTEIN: SHORT-TERM CONSIDERATIONS -- ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL AAS OR MIXTURES OF AAS -- ROLE OF DIET IN MODULATING RESPONSE TO AA SUPPLEMENTATION -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 15 Tyrosine and Stress: Human and Animal Studies -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- Precursor Coupling -- Catecholamines and Stress -- Acute Behavioral Consequences of Combat -- TYROSINE AND ACUTE STRESS: STUDIES IN ANIMALS -- TYROSINE AND ACUTE STRESS: STUDIES IN HUMANS -- Hypobaric Hypoxia -- Acute Cardiovascular Stress -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 16 Tyrosine and Glucose Modulation of Cognitive Deficits Resulting from Cold Stress -- INTRODUCTION -- COLD STRESS AND WORKING MEMORY -- TYROSINE EFFECTS ON COLD-INDUCED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT -- Cold-Induced Amnesia as a Stress Effect -- Initial Studies with Tyrosine -- Tyrosine Studies During Field Operations in the Cold -- The Effects of Tyrosine on Cold-Induced Impairment in Timing -- Conclusions and Recommendations Regarding the Use of Tyrosine -- Situations in Which Tyrosine is Less Effective -- Tyrosine and Chronic Stress -- Conditions in Which Tyrosine Would Be Contraindicated -- GLUCOSE EFFECTS ON COLD-INDUCED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT -- Mechanisms of Action of Glucose on Working Memory."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Conclusions and Recommendations Regarding Glucose as a Cognition Enhancer."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","The physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settings--among others--experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors. This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting."]