{"text_format":"2","workbook":"xls","n_sheets":1,"sheets":["report2"],"not_rendered":{"charts":0,"images":0,"macros":0,"external_links":1,"defined_names":1,"comments":0,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"run_cost":"one","rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900","formulas":"cached_only"}

{"sheet":"report2","index":0,"n_rows":28,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":28,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,2,0,3],[0,4,0,5],[1,2,1,3],[1,4,1,5],[2,2,2,3],[2,4,2,5],[3,2,3,3],[4,2,4,3],[7,2,7,3],[8,2,8,3],[9,2,9,3],[10,2,10,3],[11,2,11,3],[17,2,17,3],[18,2,18,3],[22,2,22,3]],"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910953718903321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Subbarao K"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Reaching out to Africa's orphans : a framework for public action / / Kalanidhi Subbarao, Diane Coury"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, DC, : World Bank, 2004"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-280-08560-6"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786610085606"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-4175-3738-8"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"xvi, 164 pages : illustrations ; ; 23 cm"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Africa Region human development series"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"362.73/096"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Orphans - Africa"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Children of AIDS patients - Africa"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Orphans - Care - Africa"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Orphans - Services for - Africa"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Child welfare - Africa"]
[{"$nulls":4},"AIDS (Disease) - Social aspects - Africa"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Reader's Guide and Executive Summary -- 1 Orphans and Vulnerable Children: An Introduction -- Defining and Identifying Vulnerable Children -- Risk and Vulnerability -- This Study: A Focus on Orphans -- Notes -- 2 Understanding Orphans' Risks and Needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Demand Side -- Economic and Social Risks and Vulnerabilities -- Psychological Risks and Associated Vulnerabilities -- What Are the Specific Needs of Orphans? -- Notes -- 3 The Supply Side: Caregivers and Their Strengths and Weaknesses -- Household-Based Care -- Institutional Care -- Care of Orphans: Assessing Community Capacity and Responses -- Notes -- 4 Interventions and Public Action to Strengthen Community Action -- Addressing the Needs of OVC Living in Family-Like Settings -- Addressing the Needs of OVC Living in Institutionalized Settings -- Desirable Interventions to Support OVC and Their Families -- Notes -- 5 Interventions and Costs: What Do We Know? -- Methodological Considerations -- Scale of the Intervention -- Program Costs -- Cost-Effectiveness and Quality of Care -- Ranking of Interventions -- Notes -- 6 Issues in Scaling Up Interventions -- Assessing the Current Situation -- The Financial Cost of Scaling Up a "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public Intervention: Illustrative Exercise -- Who Should Receive Public Support? Issues in Targeting Public Interventions -- Coordinate Donor, Government, and NGO Efforts-Critical -- Conclusions -- Notes -- 7 Monitoring and Evaluation -- Implementing a Monitoring and Evaluation System -- The Monitoring Process -- Evaluating Programs -- Notes -- Appendixes -- A World Bank Interventions Directed at Orphans -- B Tables -- C The Human Rights Approach -- D Assessing the Coping Capacity of Households: A Practical Example of How to Compute the Score -- E Principles for Guiding OVC Interventions."]
[{"$nulls":4},"F How Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) Can Help Mitigate the Adverse Impacts of HIV/AIDS -- G Checklist for Conducting a Comprehensive Assessment of the OVC Situation in a Country -- H SMART Indicators -- I Internet Resources -- References -- Index -- Tables -- 1.1 Examples of Risks to Children, by Category -- 2.1 Potential Impacts of AIDS on Families, Children, and Communities -- 2.2 Summary of Common Trauma Reactions by Age: War-Affected Children, Refugee Camps, Cambodia, 1990 -- 2.3 Children's Risks/Vulnerabilities and Needs -- 2.4 Risks Faced by Orphans, by Age Group -- 3.1 Who Is Caring for Orphans: Uganda, Zambia, and Tanzania -- 3.2 Indicators and Information Sources to Help Assess Weakening or Saturation of Extended Family Safety Net within a Community -- 3.3 Capacity to Cope at the Household Level -- 3.4 Propensity of Caregivers to Meet Orphans' Needs -- 4.1 Ways to \"Prevent\" Orphans -- 4.2 Responses Developed by Stakeholders to Meet Needs of OVC Living in Family-Like Settings -- 4.3 Interventions to Improve the Financial Situation of Families Fostering Orphans and Vulnerable Children -- 4.4 Risks Faced by OVC and Interventions to Help Families Meet OVC's Basic Needs -- 5.1 Cost of Interventions -- 5.2 Cost-Effectiveness of Models of Care in South Africa -- 6.1 \"Needy Groups\" by Setting: Malawi, Burundi, and World Vision -- 6.2 Alternative Approaches to Targeting Transfers: Advantages and Drawbacks -- Figures -- 1.1. Number and Proportion of Orphans Up to Age 14 in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-2010 -- 1.2. HIV/AIDS Prevalence and Incidence of Orphans in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2001 -- 2.1 Impacts of Parental Loss on Orphans, Sub-Saharan Africa -- 2.2 School Enrollment Rates by Orphan Status and Age, Rwanda -- 2.3 Work Burden on Orphans and Nonorphans by Gender, Rwanda -- 3.1. Ranking of Living Arrangements for Orphans."]
[{"$nulls":4},"5.1. Ranking of Living Arrangements for Orphans According to Their Cost-Effectiveness -- Boxes -- 4.1 Examples of Psychological Support Offered to Children Affected by HIV/AIDS in Tanzania and Zimbabwe -- 6.1 The Experiences of FOCUS, COPE, and World Vision."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","HIV/AIDS is generating a major humanitarian crisis for families in Sub-Saharan Africa. The number of children who have lost one or both parents to AIDS is expected to rise to 35 million by 2010. Rolling back decades of progress in social development, HIV/AIDS has become a major constraint in the fight against poverty. Many African countries are also suffering from civil unrest and post-conflict situations resulting in more orphans and/or displaced children. Reaching Out to Africa's Orphans makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of the many risks and vulnerabilities faced by orphans and the ameliorating role played by the actions of governments and donors. It brings together the admittedly limited evidence from interventions on behalf of orphans with a view to advancing our knowledge on what works and what does not in mitigating the risks faced by orphans and enhancing capacities of communities to address this problem.; Juxtaposing the risks and needs of orphans against the effectiveness (including cost-effectiveness) of care-giving arrangements, the study addresses issues bearing on how to scale up the more promising of "]
[{"$nulls":4},"interventions. The authors draw several important conclusions on the strengths and weaknesses of various programs, targeting methods and their implications, and in particular highlight the gaps in our knowledge with respect to the cost-effectiveness of interventions and the potential incentive effects of orphan care. Considering that resources are limited and the problem is immense, the study rightly underscores the need for coordination of efforts among all agencies seeking to respond to the crisis."]