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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910953540203321"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Animals as sentinels of environmental health hazards : Committee on Animals as Monitors of Environmental Hazards, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9786610214365"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781280214363"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1280214368"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780309594899"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0309594898"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780585085265"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0585085269"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (172 p.)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"615.9/02"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Toxicology - Animal models"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Biological monitoring"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Health risk assessment"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-158)."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- INTRODUCTION -- Purpose of the Study -- Current Use of Animal Sentinels in Risk Assessment -- CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS -- Characteristics of Animal Sentinel Systems -- Species -- Exposure Sources -- Duration of Exposure -- Measures of Effect -- Reference Populations -- Objectives of Monitoring Animals Sentinels -- Advantages and Limitations of Animal Sentinel Systems -- Multifactorial Causality -- Measurement of Exposure and Extrapolation to Humans -- FOOD ANIMALS AS SENTINELS -- COMPANION ANIMALS AS SENTINELS -- FISH AND OTHER WILDLIFE AS SENTINELS -- ANIMAL SENTINELS IN RISK ASSESSMENT -- SELECTION AND APPLICATION OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN RISK ASSESSMENT -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT -- 1 Introduction -- OVERVIEW -- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY -- HISTORICAL USE OF ANIMAL SENTINELS -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"CURRENT USE OF ANIMAL SENTINELS IN RISK ASSESSMENT -- STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT -- 2 Concepts and Definitions -- CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS -- Species -- A sentinel should have a measurable response (including accumulation of tissue residues)  to the agent or class of agents... -- A sentinel should have a territory or home range that overlaps the area to be monitored -- A sentinel species should be easily enumerated and captured -- A sentinel species must have sufficient population size and density to permit enumeration -- Exposure Sources -- Duration of Exposure -- Measures of Effect -- Reference Populations -- OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING ANIMAL SENTINELS -- Human Health Effects -- Contamination of the Food Chain -- Environmental Contamination -- Adverse Effects on Animals -- ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN OBSERVATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- Descriptive Epidemiology -- Analytic Epidemiologic."]
[{"$nulls":4},"ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY -- ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS -- Multifactorial Causality -- Measurement of Exposure and Extrapolation to Humans -- 3 Food Animals as Sentinels -- DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- U.S. Department of Agriculture -- Food Safety and Inspection Service -- National Animal Health Monitoring System -- Market Cattle Identification Program -- Food and Drug Administration -- Shellfish Monitoring Programs -- The National Animal Poison Information Network -- Outbreak Investigation -- Methyl Mercury in Fish -- Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Chickens -- Polybrominated Biphenyls in Cattle -- ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- Sheep and Heavy Metals -- Cattle and Heavy Metals -- Cattle and Fluoride -- SUMMARY -- 4 Companion Animals as Sentinels -- DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- Veterinary Medicine Data Program -- Poison-Control Centers -- ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- Canine Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure -- Canine Bladder Cancer and Insecticide Exposure -- Lead Poisoning -- Breast Cancer in Dogs -- Diet and Risk of Breast Cancer -- Diet and Survival with Breast Cancer -- Birds and Polytetrafluoroethylene Exposure -- Low-Level Radiation and Cancer -- Cancer in Vietnam-Service Dogs -- Animal Neoplasm Registry -- SUMMARY -- 5 Fish and Other Wildlife as Sentinels -- DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- National Programs -- National Status and Trends Program -- Mussel Watch -- National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program -- Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals -- Penrose Laboratory of Comparative Pathology -- Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report -- State/Regional/Local Programs -- Great Lakes -- Chesapeake Bay -- Puget Sound -- Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary -- ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- Initial Identification of Hazardous Agents."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Hazard Identification of Chemical Mixtures -- Indication of Bioavailability of Chemicals at Hazardous-Waste Sites -- Water-Quality Monitoring -- Indicators of Air Pollution -- Risk Characterization of Species Under Study -- Dose-Response Relationships -- Contamination of Human Food Chain -- IN SITU STUDIES -- Fish -- Planarians -- Starlings -- Earthworms -- Honey Bees -- SUMMARY -- 6 Animal Sentinels in Risk Assessment -- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -- Animals as General Environmental Monitors -- Animals as Monitors of Their Own Exposure -- Animals as Monitors of Exposure of Their Consumers -- Animals as Surrogate Monitors of Human Exposure -- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN HAZARD IDENTIFICATION -- Early Warnings: Initial Identification of Hazardous Agents -- Hazard Identification for Chemical Mixtures -- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT -- USE OF "]
[{"$nulls":4},"ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN RISK CHARACTERIZATION -- Risks to Animal Species Under Study -- Risk to Consumers of Animal Species Under Study -- Risk to Humans: Animal Sentinels as Surrogates -- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN RISK MANAGEMENT -- Management of Risks to Animal Species Under Study -- Management of Risks to Consumers of Animal Species Under Study -- Management of Risks to Human Health: Animal Sentinels as Surrogates -- Animal Sentinel Systems as Monitors of Effectiveness of Risk Management Actions -- SUMMARY -- 7 Selection and Application of Animal Sentinel Systems in Risk Assessment -- SYSTEM DESIGN -- IMPLEMENTATION -- VALIDATION -- PROGRAM INTEGRATION -- 8 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Appendix  Workshop Participants."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Studying animals in the environment may be a realistic and highly beneficial approach to identifying unknown chemical contaminants before they cause human harm. Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards presents an overview of animal-monitoring programs, including detailed case studies of how animal health problems--such as the effects of DDT on wild bird populations--have led researchers to the sources of human health hazards. The authors examine the components and characteristics required for an effective animal-monitoring program, and they evaluate numerous existing programs, including in situ research, where an animal is placed in a natural setting for monitoring purposes."]