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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910952300303321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Okia Opolot <1968->"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Communal Labor in Colonial Kenya : The Legitimization of Coercion, 1912-1930 / / by O. Okia"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"New York : , : Palgrave Macmillan US : , : Imprint : Palgrave Macmillan, , 2012"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9786613900524"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781283588072"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1283588072"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780230392960"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0230392962"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed. 2012.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (195 p.)"]
[null,null,"Classificazione",null,"HIS037070SOC054000HIS001020"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"331.11/7309676209041"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Great Britain - History"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Africa - History"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Imperialism"]
[{"$nulls":4},"History, Modern"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Europe - History"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Human rights"]
[{"$nulls":4},"History of Britain and Ireland"]
[{"$nulls":4},"African History"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Imperialism and Colonialism"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Modern History"]
[{"$nulls":4},"European History"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Human Rights"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Description based upon print version of record."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"\"\"Cover\"\"; \"\"Communal Labor in Colonial Kenya: The Legitimization of Coercion, 1912-1930\"\"; \"\"Contents\"\"; \"\"Illustrations\"\"; \"\"Introduction: Werengekaâ€?s Anxiety\"\"; \"\"Normalizing Force in Kenya\"\"; \"\"Chapter 1: Forced Labor and Colonial Development in Africa\"\"; \"\"Forced Labor for Private Interests\"\"; \"\"Government Forced Labor for the State\"\"; \"\"Communal Labor\"\"; \"\"Conclusion\"\"; \"\"Chapter 2: The Juridical Foundation of Government Forced Labor, 1902-1912\"\"; \"\"The Legal Bedrock of Coercion\"\"; \"\"Ideas of African Development and Forced Labor "]
[{"$nulls":4},"in Kenya\"\"; \"\"Conclusion\"\""]
[{"$nulls":4},"\"\"Chapter 3: â€œMaking the Lazy Nigger Workâ€?: European Settlers, the State, and Forced Labor, 1895-1919\"\"\"\"European Settlement in the EAP\"\"; \"\"African Labor\"\"; \"\"The 1912 Native Labour Commission\"\"; \"\"Carrier Corps Recruitment and World War I\"\"; \"\"Conclusion\"\"; \"\"Chapter 4: The Northey Forced Labor Crisis, 1919-1921\"\"; \"\"The Northey Circular\"\"; \"\"Within the Colony and Protectorate\"\"; \"\"Oldham and the Conclusion of the Crisis\"\"; \"\"Conclusion\"\"; \"\"Chapter 5: Interlude: Forced Labor Bounded, 1921-1925\"\"; \"\"Forced Labor after Churchillâ€?s Dispatch\"\""]
[{"$nulls":4},"\"\"The Uasin Gishu Railway Extension and Government Forced Labor\"\"\"\"Conclusion\"\"; \"\"Chapter 6: Normalizing Force: Archdeacon Walter Owen and the Issue of Communal Labor in Colonial Kenya, 1920-1930\"\"; \"\"Missionaries and African Interests\"\"; \"\"Archdeacon Owen and African Protest\"\"; \"\"Owen and Communal Labor Abuses\"\"; \"\"Conclusion\"\"; \"\"Chapter 7: Conclusion: Forced Labor as an Abstraction\"\"; \"\"Notes\"\"; \"\"Bibliography\"\"; \"\"Index\"\""]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","This book advances research into the government-forced labor used widely in colonial Kenya from 1930 to 1963 after the passage of the International Labor Organization's Forced Labour Convention. While the 1930 Convention intended to mark the suppression of forced labor practices, various exemptions meant that many coercive labor practices continued in colonial territories. Focusing on East Africa and the Kenya Colony, this book shows how the colonial administration was able to exploit the exemption clause for communal labor, thus ensuring the mobilization of African labor for infrastructure development. As an exemption, communal labor was not defined as forced labor but instead justified as a continuation of traditional African and community labor practices. Despite this ideological justification, the book shows that communal labour was indeed an intensification of coercive labor practices and one that penalized Africans for non-compliance with fines or imprisonment. The use of forcedlabor before and after the passage of the Convention is examined, with a focus on its use during World War II as well as in efforts to combat soil erosion in the rural African reserve areas in Kenya. The exploitation of female labor, the Mau Mau war of the 1950s, civilian protests, and the regeneration of communal labor as harambee after independence are also discussed. ."]