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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910791132203321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Muente-Kunigami Arturo"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Options to increase access to telecommunications services in rural and low-income areas / / Arturo Muente-Kunigami, Juan Navas-Sabater"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C. : , : World Bank, , c2010"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-282-42217-0"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786612422171"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0-8213-8143-1"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"viii, 44 pages : illustrations ; ; 26 cm"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"World Bank working paper, , 1726-5878 ; ; no. 178"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"384/.043091734"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Telecommunication policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Rural telecommunication"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Poor"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Telecommunication systems"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Description based upon print version of record."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Contents; Abstract; Acknowledgments; Foreword; Acronyms and Abbreviations; 1. Introduction; 2. First Things First: Allow Markets to Work Well; Figure 2.1. Level of Competition in Mobile Markets and Mobile Penetration, 2007; Table 2.1. Emerging Trends in Telecommunications Regulation; 3. An Ever-Changing Industry: Changes and Trends in Rural Telecommunications since the Early 1990's; Figure 3.1. Growth of Mobile Subscribers Globally; Box 3.1. Enabling Rural Areas with Broadband Coverage; Box 3.2. The Fiber Optic National Network in Kenya; 4. Rationale for Universal Access Policy Instruments"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Table 4.1. Universal Access Instruments Table 4.2. Financial Support Mechanisms; 5. Assessing the Suitability of the Instruments; Table 5.1. Evaluation Criteria; Assessment Box 1. Asymmetric Interconnection; Box 5.1. Sharing the Risks to Increase Access in Tanzania; Assessment Box 2. Facilities Sharing and Open Access; Figure 3. Mobile Tariffs for Selected Operators (US per minute); Assessment Box 3. Flexible Use of Spectrum; Assessment Box 4. Licensing Local Operators; Table 5.2. Taxes on Mobile Services in African Countries; Assessment Box 5. Taxes and Import Duties"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Table 5.3. Outcomes of Minimum Subsidy Auctions for New Public Rural Telephones Assessment Box 6. Reverse Auctions and OBA; Box 5.2. "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financing for Small Local Operations; Assessment Box 7. Introduction of Bottom-Up Projects; Box 5.3. Government Demand Increases Broadband Coverage in Korea; Assessment Box 8. Institutional Demand Stimulation; Assessment Box 9. Licensing Obligations; Assessment Box 10. End-User Subsidies; Assessment Box 11. Access Deficit Charges; Table 5.4. Assessment of Mechanisms; 6. Implementation Arrangements; 7. Conclusion; Figure A.1. Market Gap and Access Gap Model"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Appendix. The \"Gaps\" ModelReferences"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Telecommunications sector policy-makers and regulators have a wide range of instruments available to them that can be used to increase access to telecommunications services in rural and low-income areas. The paper provides a review of these instruments, evaluating them against a set of criteria. It then goes on to identify a number of them that are worthy of further consideration by policy-makers and regulators while demonstrating that the effectiveness of the identified instruments can be greatly enhanced by the establishment of a conducive legal, regulatory and institutional framework."]