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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910788416203321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Leruth Luc"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"A Principal-Agent Theory Approach to Public Expenditure Management Systems in Developing Countries / / Luc Leruth, Elisabeth Paul"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2006"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-4623-8814-0"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-4519-8834-6"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-283-51214-9"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-4519-9323-4"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786613824592"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (45 p.)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"IMF Working Papers"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Government spending policy - Management - Developing countries"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Expenditures, Public - Developing countries"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public Finance"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Taxation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Auditing"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General"]
[{"$nulls":4},"National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public Administration"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public Sector Accounting and Audits"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Management accounting & bookkeeping"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public finance & taxation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Expenditure"]
[{"$nulls":4},"External audit"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Internal controls"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Tax incentives"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Expenditures, Public"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Revenue"]
[{"$nulls":4},"France"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","\"September 2006.\""]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"\"\"Contents\"\"; \"\"I. INTRODUCTION\"\"; \"\"II. INTERPRETATION OF PEM UNDER THE PRINCIPAL-AGENT THEORY\"\"; \"\"III. THE BASIC MODEL \"\"; "]
[{"$nulls":4},"\"\"IV. EX POST AUDITS\"\"; \"\"V. EX ANTE CONTROLS\"\"; \"\"VI. CONCLUSION\"\"; \"\"REFERENCES\"\""]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","A well-functioning public expenditure management (PEM) system is considered a critical pillar of government efficiency, on par with a low-distortion tax system and efficient tax administration. The paper discusses PEM systems in developing countries using an analytical framework based on principal-agent theory. This simple model can be applied to various PEM systems, and allows for comparisons between institutional settings. To illustrate this, we analyze the benefits derived from the use by the Ministry of Finance (MoF) of two control instruments; ex post audits and ex ante controls, and assess their value in terms of their ability to deter cheating. We derive a set of possible \"control regimes\" which can be used by the MoF. Although we illustrate the use of the model using developing countries, it is also relevant to developed economies."]
[null,"2.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910788225803321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Christiansen Lone Engbo"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"External Balance in Low Income Countries / / Lone Engbo Christiansen, Alessandro Prati, Luca Ricci, Thierry Tressel"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2009"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-4623-1237-3"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-4527-9243-7"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786612844256"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-282-84425-3"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-4518-7368-9"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"52 p. : ill"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"IMF Working Papers"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Macronomics - Econometric models"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Foreign exchange rates - Developing countries"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Finance, Public - Developing countries"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Exports and Imports"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Foreign Exchange"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Macroeconomics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Current Account Adjustment"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Short-term Capital Movements"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions"]
[{"$nulls":4},"International Investment"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Long-term Capital Movements"]
[{"$nulls":4},"International economics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Currency"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Foreign exchange"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Current account"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Real exchange rates"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Personal income"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Capital account liberalization"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Foreign assets"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Balance of payments"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Income"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Investments, Foreign"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Developing countries Economic policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"United States"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","\"October 2009\"."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","This paper offers a coherent empirical analysis of the determinants of the real exchange rate, the current account, and the net foreign assets position in low income countries. The paper focuses on indicators specific to low income countries, such as the quality of policies and institutions, the special access to official external financing, and the role of shocks. In addition to more standard factors, we find that domestic financial liberalization is associated with higher current account balances and net foreign asset positions, while capital account liberalization is associated with lower current account balances and net foreign asset positions and with more appreciated real exchange rates. Negative exogenous shocks tend to raise (reduce) the current account in countries with closed (opened) capital accounts. Finally, foreign aid is progressively absorbed over time through net imports, and is associated with a more depreciated real exchange rate in the long-run."]