{"text_format":"2","workbook":"xls","n_sheets":1,"sheets":["report2"],"not_rendered":{"charts":0,"images":0,"macros":0,"external_links":1,"defined_names":1,"comments":0,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"run_cost":"one","rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900","formulas":"cached_only"}

{"sheet":"report2","index":0,"n_rows":43,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":43,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,2,0,3],[0,4,0,5],[1,2,1,3],[1,4,1,5],[2,2,2,3],[2,4,2,5],[3,2,3,3],[4,2,4,3],[9,2,9,3],[10,2,10,3],[11,2,11,3],[12,2,12,3],[35,2,35,3],[36,2,36,3],[40,2,40,3]],"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910788335803321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Hakura Dalia"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Remittances : : An Automatic Output Stabilizer? / / Dalia Hakura, Ralph Chami, Peter Montiel"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2009"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-4623-7696-7"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-4527-9547-9"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-282-84311-7"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-4518-7238-0"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786612843112"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (33 p.)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"IMF Working Papers"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"338.9669"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Economic assistance"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Economic development"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Econometrics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Exports and Imports"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Macroeconomics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Remittances"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Macroeconomics: Consumption"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Saving"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Wealth"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Aggregate Factor Income Distribution"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Estimation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"International economics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Econometrics & economic statistics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Outward remittances"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Government consumption"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Income"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Estimation techniques"]
[{"$nulls":4},"International finance"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Emigrant remittances"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Consumption"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Economics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Econometric models"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Jordan"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Description based upon print version of record."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Contents; I. Introduction; II. Determinants of Growth Volatility; A. Exogenous Shocks; B. Persistent Country Characteristics; C. The Institutional Environment; D. Remittance Flows; III. Ordinary Least Squares Estimation; IV. Instrumental Variables Estimation; V. Generalized Method of Moments Dynamic Panel Estimation; VI. Testing for Nonlinear Effects; VII. An Application: Remittances and Output Stability in the Middle East and North Africa; VIII. Summary and Conclusions; Tables; 1. Output Volatility and Workers Remittances"]
[{"$nulls":4},"2. Descriptive Statistics of Dependent and Explanatory Variables 1970 - 20043. Ordinary Least Squares and Instrumental Variables Regression Results; 4. Panel Data Description, 1980 -- 2004; 5. Panel Regression Results; 6. Nonlinear Ordinary Least Squares and Instrumental Variables Regression Results; 7. Nonlinear GMM System Estimation; 8. Estimated Impact of Remittances on Volatility; A. Data Definitions and Sources; Appendixes; Data Appendix; B. Country Coverage; Country Coverage; References"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Remittance flows appear to be falling worldwide for the first time in decades as a result of the ongoing financial turmoil. It is suspected that the drop in remittance income into developing and emerging markets will have a destabilizing effect on these economies. The paper estimates the impact of remittances on output stability for countries that are dependent on these income flows. Using a sample of 70 countries, including 16 advanced economies and 54 developing countries, we find robust evidence that remittances have a negative effect on output growth volatility of recipient countries. This result supports the notion that remittance flows are a stabilizing influence on output. Thus, the fall in remittances precipitated by the ongoing global financial crisis could potentially increase output variability in recipient countries. This would present a hard challenge for governments in those countries already suffering from the crisis: they must resort to an already stressed and limited set of policy instruments, such as fiscal policy, to counter the resulting adverse economic and social impacts of lower remittances."]