{"text_format":"2","workbook":"xls","n_sheets":1,"sheets":["report2"],"not_rendered":{"charts":0,"images":0,"macros":0,"external_links":1,"defined_names":1,"comments":0,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"run_cost":"one","rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900","formulas":"cached_only"}

{"sheet":"report2","index":0,"n_rows":46,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":46,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,2,0,3],[0,4,0,5],[1,2,1,3],[1,4,1,5],[2,2,2,3],[2,4,2,5],[3,2,3,3],[4,2,4,3],[6,2,6,3],[7,2,7,3],[9,2,9,3],[39,2,39,3],[40,2,40,3],[44,2,44,3]],"flags":["formulas_cached_only"]}
[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910786485203321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Irwin Timothy"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Some Algebra of Fiscal Transparency : : How Accounting Devices Work and How to Reveal Them / / Timothy Irwin"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2012"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-4755-6423-6"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-4755-9244-2"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (20 p.)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"IMF Working Papers"]
[{"$nulls":4},"IMF working paper ; ; WP/12/228"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Accounting - Standards"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Finance, Public"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Budget deficits"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Accounting"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Money and Monetary Policy"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Statistics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public Administration"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public Sector Accounting and Audits"]
[{"$nulls":4},"National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Monetary Systems"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Standards"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Regimes"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Government and the Monetary System"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Payment Systems"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Computer Programs: Other"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public finance accounting"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Monetary economics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial reporting, financial statements"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Econometrics & economic statistics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Fiscal accounting and reporting"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Accrual accounting"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Currencies"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial statements"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Government finance statistics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Public financial management (PFM)"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Money"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Economic and financial statistics"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Finance"]
[{"$nulls":4},"United States"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","\"September 2012.\""]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Cover; Contents; I. Introduction; II. One True Deficit; A. Deficit Devices; B. Debt; III. Multiple Deficits; Figures; 1. Sets of Assets and Liabilities Recognized in Different Accounting Systems; A. Accounting Systems and the Devices They Allow; B. Extended Fiscal Accounts; C. Fiscal Sustainability; Tables; 1. Summary Extended Accounts, Clean Surpluses; IV. Dirty Deficits; A. Components of Clean Surpluses; B. Devices Revisited; V. Conclusion; References"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Accounting devices that artificially reduce the measured fiscal deficit can be analyzed as transactions involving unrecognized assets and liabilities. Different accounting systems recognize different sets of assets and liabilities and are thus vulnerable to different sets of devices. Some devices can be revealed by moving progressively from cash accounting to modified accrual accounting to full accrual accounting. Revealing all would require the publication of extended fiscal accounts in which all future cash flows give rise to assets or liabilities."]