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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910785480403321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Heidinger Steffen <1978->"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"French anticausatives [[electronic resource] ] : a diachronic perspective / / Steffen Heidinger"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Berlin : , : De Gruyter, , 2010"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-282-88526-X"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786612885266"]
[{"$nulls":4},"3-11-219191-9"]
[{"$nulls":4},"3-11-025135-3"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (213 pages)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Linguistische Arbeiten, , 0344-6727 ; ; 537."]
[null,null,"Classificazione",null,"ID 4870"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"440"]
[{"$nulls":4},"445"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"French language - Causative"]
[{"$nulls":4},"French language - Reflexives"]
[{"$nulls":4},"French language - Verb"]
[{"$nulls":4},"French language - Grammar, Historical"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Description based upon print version of record."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Anticausatives -- 3. The Emergence of the French reflexive anticausative -- 4. The Spread of the French reflexive anticausative -- 5. The Semantic relation between French reflexive and unmarked anticausatives -- 6. Auxiliary selection in unmarked anticausatives and the spread of the reflexive anticausative -- 7. Conclusion"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","How do new ways of encoding valence alternations emerge, how and why do they spread, and what are the consequences of their emergence and spread for already existing patterns? This book discusses these questions on the basis of a concrete example of valence alternation, the French causative-anticausative alternation. The main focus of the proposed analysis is the anticausative member of the alternation and the relation between the two formal types of anticausative verbs in French, the reflexive and the unmarked anticausative (La branche s'est cassée vs. La branche a cassé 'The branch broke'). The emergence and spread of the reflexive anticausative, the consequences of these processes for the unmarked anticausative and the semantic relation between reflexive and unmarked anticausatives are analyzed on the "]
[{"$nulls":4},"basis of several corpus studies."]
[null,"2.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910985889903321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Penot Éric"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"From Jungle Rubber to Rubber Agroforestry Systems : History of Rubber Agroforestry Practices in the World"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Versailles : , : Quae, , 2024"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2025"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9782759239368"]
[{"$nulls":4},"2759239365"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (331 pages)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Hors Collection"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"678.2"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Agroforestry"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Rubber"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Rubber in the world -- The concept of agroforestry and agroforestry systems. -- Chapter 1. Definition and history of RAS -- Rubber in Southeast Asia from 1900 to 2023 -- The development of clonal rubber-based agroforestry plantations: a new challenge -- Chapter 2. Rationale for RAS and impact of agroforestry systems -- The need for improved rubber agroforestry systems (RAS) -- Main results of RAS -- Farmers in West Kalimantan and RAS -- Diversification of perennial crops to offset market uncertainties in West Kalimantan -- RAS case studies in southern Thailand -- Rubber versus other alternatives: what role for RAS? -- Changes in RAS patterns in West Kalimantan  from 1994 to 2019 -- Chapter 3. RAS in the rubber world: current agroforestry practices in various countries -- Origin and development of RAS -- The key impact of shade -- The situation in South and South East Asia -- The situation in Africa -- The situation in South and Central America -- Double-spacing systems: an alternative system for full-sun species associated with rubber -- Timber species -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4. Expectations of RAS, impacts and contribution to current's main challenges in 2024 -- Agroforest cropping systems provide miscellaneous goods and services -- Impact on soils -- Adaptation to climate change -- Environmental concerns and externalities -- Interest of certification -- Rubber and oil palm -- Conclusion -- Conclusion and perspectives for the future -- Markets "]
[{"$nulls":4},"trigger agroforestry: the importance of understanding how income is generated in agroforestry -- Rubber production and sustainability -- A new political environment that accounts  for environmental concerns -- Some innovative systems for the future -- The final word -- Bibliography -- Various sources of information."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Photo gallery -- List of abbreviations -- Appendices -- List of authors."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Rubber Agroforestry Systems (RAS) have been developed by local farmers in Southeast Asia initially through the development of jungle rubber. Jungle rubber is a very practical and easy way to develop at very low cost non clonal rubber plantations with forest regrowth, being then the main smallholding rubber cropping system until the 1950s. Later on, for political reasons, clonal plantations with better productivity were developed though national planting programs in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. Today, most of the jungle rubber has disappeared or is not anymore tapped, replaced by monoclonal plantation. However, in some countries, some local farmers continue to adopt or develop agroforestry practices, basically associating rubber with various number and types of plants and trees in both immature and mature period, in order to increase global productivity at plot level and diversify sources of incomes to increase farms' resilience. In this book, we explain what has been the historical and societal conditions for RAS to develop in countries like Thailand and Indonesia and why there is a future for RAS in the current world with global economic uncertainty. The objective is to provide evidence of RAS interest and constraints in order to develop such systems in other countries. The book integrates various sources from the editor and associated researchers and students, written since 1994 and updated in 2024."]