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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910511796403321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Puchala Donald James <1939->"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Fiscal harmonization in the European communities : national politics and international cooperation / / Donald J. Puchala"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"London : , : Bloomsbury, , 2013"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-4725-5373-X"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (173 pages)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Bloomsbury Academic Collections: Economics, , 2051-0012"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"336.3/094"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"European cooperation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Fiscal policy - European Economic Community countries"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Reprint. Originally published in 1984 by Frances Pinter (Publishers) Limited."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographies and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Preface -- 1. The Analysis of International Policy-Making -- 2. Fiscal Harmonization in Theory and Practice -- 3. West Germany and the Community VAT -- 4. The Dutch Interlude -- 5. Italy Postpones the VAT -- 6. Britain Confronts the Community -- 7. Lessons in International Cooperation -- Index"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","\"The specific concern of this study is 'politicization' or the relationships between contests in national politics and the capacity for international cooperation. Progress towards fiscal harmonization in the European Community is selected as the substantive focus for the study, although the object is to learn from the EC rather than about it. The author argues that common EC policies usually reach fruition as complex compromises, derived from decisions based on the perceived effect on domestic politics and rivalries, rather than transnational neatness. Lack of political will is frequently blamed for delays in the acceptance of common policies, whereas the truth often lies in the fact that national governments believe that domestic political costs would be prohibitive. Politicization is studied in four major areas: 1. Identification, causes and effects 2. The effect on domestic politics and transnational cooperation in the EC 3. Effects on further 'European integration' 4. Deriving lessons from the EC for more general relationships between domestic politics and international cooperation.\"--Bloomsbury Publishing."]
[null,"2.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910778609503321"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Clearing the smoke [[electronic resource] ] : assessing the science base for tobacco harm reduction / / Kathleen Stratton ... [et al.], editors"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C., : Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, c2001"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-280-18515-5"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786610185153"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0-309-51184-4"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (656 p.)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"362.29/66"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Smoking - Health aspects"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Smoking cessation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Tobacco use - Prevention"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,"3.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910960891303321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Claessens Stijn"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Competition in the Financial Sector : : Overview of Competition Policies / / Stijn Claessens"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2009"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9786612842672"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781462377978"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1462377971"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781452765211"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1452765219"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781282842670"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1282842676"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781451871937"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1451871937"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (37 p.)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"IMF Working Papers"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"384.29134"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Competition"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Finance"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Banking"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Banks and Banking"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Banks and banking"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Banks and banking, Foreign"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Banks"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Commercial banks"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Depository Institutions"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Economic sectors"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Finance: General"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial Institutions and Services: General"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial institutions"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial markets"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial sector"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial services industry"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Financial services"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Foreign banks"]
[{"$nulls":4},"General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data)"]
[{"$nulls":4},"General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Industries: Financial Services"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Micro Finance Institutions"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Mortgages"]
[{"$nulls":4},"United States"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Description based upon print version of record."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Contents; I. Introduction; II. Nature and Status of Financial Sector Competition; A. Effects of Competition in the Financial Sector: Theory; Development and Efficiency, Static and Dynamic; Access to Financial Services; Stability; B. The Determinants of Competition and Assessing Competition: Theory and Empirics; Theory of the Determinants of Competition; Empirical Approaches to Measure Competition; The Pazar and Rosse Methodology; C. Empirical Approaches to Explain Competition; Other Empirical Regularities; Country and Regional Studies; Cross-country Studies; Internationalization"]
[{"$nulls":4},"D. Tools to Analyze E. Current Status; III. Implication for Competition Policy in the Financial Sector; A. Approaches; B. Institutional Arrangements; IV. Conclusion; References; Tables; 1. PR-Measures (H-statistics) of Competitiveness of Banking Systems Around the World"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","As in other sectors, competition in finance matters for allocative, productive and dynamic efficiency. Theory suggests, however, that unfettered competition is not first best given the special features of finance. I review these analytics and describe how to assess the degree of competition in markets for financial services. Existing research shows that the degree of competition greatly varies across markets, largely driven by barriers to entry and exit. I argue that changes in financial services industries require updated competition policies and institutional arrangements, but that practices still fall short. Furthermore, I show that developing countries face some specific competition challenges."]