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[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Ankylosing spondylitis - Axial spondyloarthritis : cellular, molecular and environmental factors / / edited by Mohammad Hossein Nicknam"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Gateway East, Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022]"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2022"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"981-16-4733-X"]
[{"$nulls":4},"981-16-4732-1"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (188 pages)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"616.73"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Ankylosing spondylitis - Molecular aspects"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Ankylosing spondylitis"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Spondylitis, Ankylosing"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Espondiloartritis anquilosant"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Llibres electrònics"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Part I: Introduction -- 1: An Overview to Ankylosing Spondylitis and Spondyloarthropathies -- 1.1  History -- 1.2  Epidemiology -- 1.3  Clinical Manifestation -- 1.3.1  General Symptoms, Spondylitis and Arthritis -- 1.3.2  Extra-Articular Manifestations -- 1.3.3  Complications and Co-morbidities -- 1.4  Diagnosis -- 1.4.1  History and Physical Examination -- 1.4.2  Lab Test -- 1.4.3  Imaging -- 1.4.3.1  Plain Radiography -- 1.4.3.2  Computed Tomography -- 1.4.3.3  Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 1.4.4  Classification and Diagnostic Criteria -- 1.5  Pathogenesis -- 1.6  Treatment -- 1.6.1  Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs -- 1.6.2  Glucocorticoids -- 1.6.3  Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs -- 1.7  Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Cells and Cytokines -- 2: Innate Immune-Related Cells and Cytokines in Spondyloarthropathies -- 2.1  Introduction -- 2.2  Innate Immunity Components -- 2.2.1  Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) -- 2.2.1.1  Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) -- 2.2.1.2  NOD-Like Receptors (NLRs) -- 2.2.2  Innate Cytokines -- 2.2.2.1  IL-1 Family -- 2.2.2.1.1 IL-1 and Receptors -- 2.2.2.1.2 IL-37 -- 2.2.2.2  TNF and Receptors -- 2.2.2.3  IL-23 and Receptor -- 2.2.3  Soluble Components of Innate Immunity -- 2.2.3.1  Defensins -- 2.2.3.2  Complement System -- 2.2.4  Innate "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Immune Cells -- 2.2.4.1  Dendritic Cells (DC) -- 2.2.4.2  Macrophage Cells -- 2.2.4.3  Natural Killer (NK) Cells -- References -- 3: Adaptive Immune-Related Cells and Cytokines in Spondyloarthropathies -- 3.1  Adaptive immunity in autoimmune disorders -- 3.2  The Pathogenic Role of Adaptive Immune Lymphocytes in SpAs -- 3.3  T Cell Activation, Signaling, and Cytokines in SpAs -- 3.3.1  Th1 and Th2 role in SpAs -- 3.3.2  Th17 and IL-17 in SpAs -- 3.3.2.1  IL-17 and Enthesitis -- 3.3.2.2  IL-17 and Bone Remodeling."]
[{"$nulls":4},"3.3.2.3  Targeting Th17 in SpAs -- 3.3.3  Th22 and IL-22 in SpAs -- 3.3.4  Functional Abnormalities of Regulatory T Cells in SpAs -- 3.3.5  Cytotoxic T Cell in SpAs -- 3.3.6  Gamma Delta T Cells and SpAs -- 3.4  B Cell Activation and Signaling -- 3.5  Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Part III: Genes -- 4: Association of HLA and HLA-Related Genes with Ankylosing Spondylitis -- 4.1  Biology of HLA Expression and Functions -- 4.1.1  Genomic Organization -- 4.1.1.1  HLA Nomenclature -- 4.1.2  Molecular Structure -- 4.1.2.1  Molecular Structure of HLA-Class I -- 4.1.2.2  Molecular Structure of HLA-Class II -- 4.1.3  Pathways of Antigen Presentation -- 4.1.3.1  Processing and Presentation of Endocytosed Antigens -- 4.1.3.2  Processing and Presentation of Cytosolic Antigens -- 4.2  Association of HLA loci with Ankylosing Spondylitis -- 4.2.1  HLA-B27 -- 4.2.1.1  Arthritogenic Peptide Hypothesis -- 4.2.1.2  HLA-B27 Misfolding Hypothesis -- 4.2.1.3  HLA-B27 Dimer Hypothesis -- 4.2.2  HLA Genes Other Than HLA-B27 -- 4.3  Association of HLA-Related Genes with Ankylosing Spondylitis -- 4.3.1  Transporters in Antigen Presenting (TAP) -- 4.3.2  M1 zinc-Aminopeptidases -- 4.3.2.1  Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase (ERAP)-1 -- 4.3.2.2  ERAP2 -- 4.3.2.3  NPEPPS -- 4.3.2.4  Ubiquitinases -- 4.3.2.5  LMP2 -- 4.4  Role of Epigenetics in Ankylosing Spondylitis Pathogenesis -- 4.4.1  DNA Methylation -- 4.4.2  Histone Modifications -- 4.4.3  MicroRNAs -- References -- 5: Association of Non-HLA Genes with Ankylosing Spondylitis -- 5.1  Cytokines and Cytokine-Receptors -- 5.1.1  IL-1RN Gene -- 5.1.2  IL-6 Receptor Gene -- 5.1.3  IL-12B Gene -- 5.1.4  IL-17 Gene -- 5.1.5  IL-23 and IL-23 Receptor -- 5.1.6  TNF and TNF Receptor -- 5.1.7  IL-10 Gene -- 5.2  Overview on Signal Transduction -- 5.2.1  VDR Gene -- 5.2.2  TLR4 Gene."]
[{"$nulls":4},"5.2.3  G Protein-Coupled Receptor Gene -- 5.2.4  CTLA-4 Gene -- 5.2.5  PD-1 Gene -- 5.2.6  PTPN22 Gene -- 5.2.7  CARD9 Gene -- 5.2.8  TBKBP1 Gene -- 5.2.9  TRADD Gene -- 5.2.10  STAT3 Gene -- 5.2.11  STAT4 Gene -- 5.2.12  RUNX3 Gene -- 5.2.13  TBX21 Gene -- 5.2.14  Ancillary Mediators Involved in Lymphocyte Differentiation -- 5.3  Other Associated Genes with AS Disease -- 5.3.1  ANTXR2 -- 5.3.2  SNAPC4 -- 5.3.3  KIF21B -- 5.3.4  PTGER4 -- 5.3.5  PPARGC1B -- 5.3.6  ANO6 Gene -- 5.3.7  Β-Defensin Gene Clusters -- 5.3.8  Pentraxin3 -- 5.3.9  MIF Gene -- 5.3.10  BCL11B -- 5.3.11  Autophagy-Related Genes -- References -- Part IV: Environmental Factors -- 6: Spondyloarthropathies and Gut Microbiota -- 6.1  Introduction -- 6.2  Gut Microbiome -- 6.3  Spondyloarthropathies and Microbes -- 6.4  Spondyloarthropathies and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- 6.5  Animal Models of SpA and Gut Immunity -- 6.6  Dysbiosis and Inflammation in SpA -- 6.7  HLA-B27 -- 6.8  Cytokines Induction by Microbiome -- 6.9  Probiotics and Prebiotics -- 6.10  Antibiotics and Fecal Transplant -- 6.11  Conclusion -- References -- 7: Spondyloarthropathies and Food Intake -- 7.1  Introduction -- 7.1.1  Spondyloarthropathies -- 7.1.2  Ankylosing Spondylitis -- 7.2  Vitamins -- 7.2.1  Vitamin D -- 7.2.2  Other Vitamins -- 7.2.2.1  Vitamin E -- 7.2.2.2  Vitamin A -- 7.3  Low Starch Diet and Klebsiella -- 7.4  Fatty Acids -- 7.5  Obesity -- 7.6  Food Allergy -- 7.7  "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Conclusion -- References -- 8: Spondyloarthropathies and Environmental Stresses -- 8.1  Introduction -- 8.2  Biomechanical Stress -- 8.3  Psychological Stress -- 8.4  Oxidative Stress -- 8.5  Smoking -- 8.6  Vaccination -- References -- Index."]