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[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Aging mechanisms II : longevity, metabolism, and brain aging / / Nozomu Mori, editor"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022]"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2022"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"981-16-7976-2"]
[{"$nulls":4},"981-16-7977-0"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (429 pages)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"612.67"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Aging - Physiological aspects"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Longevity"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Longevitat"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Vellesa"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Fisiologia humana"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Llibres electrònics"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: From Hypothesis to Mechanisms -- Chapter 1: An Unsolved Problem in Gerontology Yet: Molecular Mechanisms of Biological Aging-A Historical and Critical Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Definition of Aging -- 1.3 Aging Theories -- 1.4 Mutation Theory of Aging/Genome Instability Theory of Aging -- 1.5 Free Radical Theory of Aging/Oxidative Stress Theory of Aging -- 1.6 The Mitochondrial Theory of Aging -- 1.7 The Error Catastrophe Theory of Aging -- 1.8 The Altered Protein Theory of Aging/Protein Homeostasis or Proteostasis Theory of Aging -- 1.9 Dysdifferentiation Theory of Aging/Epigenetic Theory of Aging -- 1.10 The Hyperfunction Theory of Aging -- 1.11 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Part II: Human Longevity: Accelerated Aging and Centenarians -- Chapter 2: Clinical and Basic Biology of Werner Syndrome, the Model Disease of Human Aging -- 2.1 Clinical Features and Pathogenesis of Werner Syndrome -- 2.1.1 Introduction -- 2.1.2 Diagnostic Criteria -- 2.1.3 Werner Syndrome Registry -- 2.1.3.1 General Information -- Age at Onset and Diagnosis -- Physique -- Life Expectancy -- Laboratory Test -- 2.1.3.2 Symptoms -- Sarcopenia -- Diabetes -- Dyslipidemia -- Fatty Liver -- Atherosclerosis -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Malignancy -- Osteoporosis -- Skin Ulcers -- Infection -- Calcification in Tendons -- 2.2 Basic Research and Molecular Mechanisms of Werner Syndrome -- 2.2.1 Werner Gene and Protein -- 2.2.2 WRN and DNA Damage Repair -- 2.2.3 WRN and Telomeres -- 2.2.4 WRN and Mitochondria, mTOR, and Autophagy -- 2.2.5 Phenotype of WRN KO Mice -- 2.2.6 WRN and Stem Cell Senescence and Epigenome Regulation -- 2.2.7 WS Patient-Derived iPS Cells -- 2.2.8 Malignancy and WRN -- 2.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Biomarkers of Healthy Longevity: Lessons from Supercentenarians in Japan -- 3.1 Introduction."]
[{"$nulls":4},"3.2 Demography and Functional Status of Supercentenarians -- 3.3 Cardiovascular Biomarkers and Exceptional Survival -- 3.4 Adiponectin -- 3.5 Immunological Biomarkers of Healthy Longevity -- 3.6 Future Prospects -- References -- Part III: Cellular Aging and Lower Animal Models -- Chapter 4: Cellular Aging and Metabolites in Aging -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Historical Theory and Replicative Senescence -- 4.3 Telomere-Dependent and Telomere-Independent Senescence -- 4.4 Double-Edged Sword of SIS -- 4.5 Senescence Markers -- 4.6 The Aging Hypothesis Relevant to Metabolic Profiles -- 4.7 Metabolomic Approach for Human Whole Blood -- 4.8 Blood Metabolites for Aging Markers -- 4.9 Blood Metabolites for Fasting Markers -- 4.10 Frailty Markers for Antioxidation, Cognition, and Mobility -- 4.11 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: To G0 or Not to G0: Cell Cycle Paradox in Senescence and Brain Aging -- 5.1 Alzheimer´s Disease -- 5.2 Cellular Senescence -- 5.3 Cellular Senescence in Post-mitotic Cells -- 5.4 Proteostasis Failure as a Driver of Neuronal Senescence -- 5.5 Neuronal Senescence: Pleiotropic Response -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: C. elegans Longevity Genes -- 6.1 Caenorhabditis elegans -- 6.2 Methodology -- 6.3 Aging Phenotype -- 6.4 Longevity Genes -- References -- Chapter 7: Understanding the Functions of Longevity Genes in Drosophila -- 7.1 Drosophila melanogaster as a Model System to Study Aging -- 7.1.1 Antioxidant -- 7.1.1.1 Cytoplasmic SOD (Sod1) -- 7.1.1.2 Mitochondrial SOD (Sod2) -- 7.1.1.3 Extracellular SOD (Sod3) -- 7.1.1.4 Catalase (Cat) -- 7.1.1.5 Thioredoxin (Trx-2, TrxT, dhd) -- 7.1.2 Insulin/IGF-1TOR Pathway -- 7.1.3 JNK Signaling Pathway -- 7.1.4 Epigenetic Mechanism -- 7.2 Epigenetic Inheritance of Longevity -- References -- Part IV: Metabolism: Factors Affecting Tissue Aging -- Chapter 8: NAD+ Metabolism in Aging."]
[{"$nulls":4},"8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 NAD+ Biosynthesis -- 8.3 NAD+ Consumption -- 8.4 NAD+ Levels Decline with Age -- 8.5 Effects of Age-Related NAD+ Decline on Hallmarks of Aging -- 8.6 Role of NAD+ in Age-Associated Functional Decline of Organs -- 8.6.1 Liver -- 8.6.2 Adipose Tissue -- 8.6.3 Skeletal Muscle -- 8.6.4 Kidney -- 8.7 NAD+ Precursors for Restoring NAD+ Levels in Animals and Humans -- 8.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Aging -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 GDF15 as a Marker for Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitochondrial Diseases -- 9.2.1 Cybrid Cells with Pathogenic mtDNA Mutations -- 9.2.2 Energy Metabolism in Cybrid Cells with Mitochondrial Dysfunction -- 9.2.3 Transcriptional Response to Impaired Energy Metabolism in Cybrid Cells -- 9.2.4 GDF15 as a Marker for Mitochondrial Dysfunction -- 9.2.5 GDF15 as a Biomarker for Mitochondrial Diseases -- 9.3 GDF15 and Aging -- 9.3.1 Characteristics of GDF15 -- 9.3.2 GDF15 Functions Through Its Specific Receptor GFRAL -- 9.3.3 Correlation of Circulating GDF15 Levels with Age -- 9.3.4 GDF15 and Adverse Outcomes in Older Adults -- 9.3.5 GDF15 and Age-Related Diseases -- 9.4 Discussion and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 10: Sirtuins and Metabolic Health -- 10.1 "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Introduction -- 10.2 Sirtuins in Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Biogenesis (Fig. 10.1) -- 10.3 Sirtuins in Inflammation (Fig. 10.1) -- 10.4 Sirtuins in Autophagy (Fig. 10.1) -- 10.5 Sirtuins in Apoptosis (Fig. 10.1) -- 10.6 Interventions Targeting Sirtuins -- 10.7 Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 11: Autophagy in Aging and Longevity -- 11.1 Overview of Autophagy -- 11.2 Activation of Autophagy Is One of the Convergent Mechanisms of Animal Longevity -- 11.3 Autophagic Activity Declines with Age -- 11.4 Autophagy and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases."]
[{"$nulls":4},"11.5 Molecular Mechanism Regulating Autophagy and Longevity -- 11.6 Intervention of Aging via Modulating Autophagy -- 11.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Sarcopenia: Current Topics and Future Perspective -- 12.1 What Is Sarcopenia? -- 12.2 How to Diagnose Sarcopenia -- 12.3 AWGS 2019 -- 12.4 Utilization of Phase Angle -- 12.5 Prevalence of Sarcopenia -- 12.6 Etiology of Sarcopenia -- 12.7 Genetics of Sarcopenia -- 12.8 Prognosis of Sarcopenia -- 12.9 Relationship Between Sarcopenia and Disease -- 12.10 Macroscopic Features of Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle -- 12.11 Microscopic Features of Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle -- 12.12 Prevention of Sarcopenia -- 12.13 Interventions for Sarcopenia -- 12.14 How to Provide Resistance Training -- 12.15 How to Provide Amino Acids and Protein for Persons with Sarcopenia -- 12.16 Pharmacological Treatment of Sarcopenia -- 12.17 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Osteoporosis and Cellular Senescence in Bone -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Role of Bone Cells and Age-Related Changes -- 13.3 Cellular Senescence in the Bone Microenvironment -- 13.4 Bone Phenotype in Animal Models of Accelerated Senescence -- 13.4.1 DNA Damage -- 13.4.2 Telomere Shortening -- 13.5 Cellular Senescence in Bone -- 13.6 Elimination of Senescent Cells in Bone Using Transgenic Mice -- 13.7 Senolytic and Senomorphic Approaches to Treating Osteoporosis -- 13.8 Summary -- References -- Chapter 14: Aging and Chronic Kidney Disease Viewed from the FGF-Klotho Endocrine System -- 14.1 Discovery of the Klotho Gene -- 14.2 Klotho Protein Function -- 14.3 Discovery of the FGF-Klotho Endocrine Axes -- 14.4 Phosphate and CKD -- 14.5 Phosphate Accelerates Aging -- 14.6 Calciprotein Particles (CPPs) -- 14.7 CPPs and Lipoproteins -- 14.8 Secreted αKlotho -- 14.9 FGF21-βKlotho Endocrine System -- 14.10 FGF21 and CKD."]
[{"$nulls":4},"14.11 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 15: Aging Biomarker SMP30 into a New Phase of Vitamin C and Aging Research -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Discovery of Age-Associated Protein SMP30 -- 15.3 Functional Analysis of SMP30 -- 15.4 SMP30 as an Organophosphatase -- 15.5 SMP30 Homolog in Fireflies -- 15.6 SMP30 Deficiency -- 15.7 SMP30 Is a Gluconolactonase (GNL) -- 15.8 SMP30-Knockout Mice Are Unable to Synthesize Vitamin C -- 15.9 Vitamin C Deficiency Accelerates Aging -- 15.10 Rough Estimation of Vitamin C Level That Accelerates Human Aging -- 15.11 Currently Available Findings Using SMP30-Knockout Mice -- 15.12 Perspectives of Vitamin C and Aging Research Using SMP30-Knockout Mice -- References -- Part V: Aging Brain: Cognitive Decline, Synaptic Plasticity -- Chapter 16: Age-Related Memory Impairments Are Caused by Alterations in Glial Activity at Old Ages -- 16.1 Associative Memory in Drosophila and the Effects of Aging on Memory -- 16.2 Age-Related Impairments in MTM -- 16.3 Age-Related Impairments in LTM -- 16.4 Defects in Neuron-Glia Interactions in Mammalian Models -- References -- Chapter 17: Critical Roles of Glial Neuroinflammation in Age-Related Memory Decline -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Animal Models -- 17.2.1 Cognitive Declines in Animal Model for "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Vascular Dementia -- 17.2.2 Memory Declines in Mouse Model for Alzheimer´s Disease -- 17.3 Critical Roles of Neuroinflammation in Age-Related Cognitive declines -- 17.3.1 Glial Neuroinflammation -- 17.3.2 Neuroinflammation at the Cerebrovascular Unit -- 17.4 Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Elderly Individuals -- 17.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18: Central Mechanisms Linking Age-Associated Physiological Changes to Health Span Through the Hypothalamus -- 18.1 Introduction."]
[{"$nulls":4},"18.2 Molecules and Signaling Pathways in the Hypothalamus that Control Mammalian Longevity."]