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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNISA990000254810203316"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Jonassen, David H."]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Hypertext/hypermedia / David H. Jonassen"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Englewood Cliffs : Educational Technology Publications, copyr. 1989"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"0-87778-217-2"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"91 p. : ill. ; 28 cm"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"005754"]
[null,null,"Collocazione",null,"005.754 JON (A)"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,"2.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910623989403321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Palleschi Vincenzo"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Chemometrics and Numerical Methods in LIBS"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2022"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2022"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-119-75961-7"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-119-75957-9"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-119-75956-0"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (381 pages)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"543.52"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Electronic books."]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction and Brief Summary of the LIBS Development -- Part I Introduction to LIBS -- Chapter 1 LIBS Fundamentals -- 1.1  Interaction of Laser Beam with Matter -- 1.2  Basics of Laser-Matter Interaction -- 1.3  Processes in Laser-Produced Plasma -- 1.4  Factors Affecting Laser Ablation and Laser-Induced Plasma Formation -- 1.4.1  Influence of Laser Parameters on the Laser-Induced Plasmas -- 1.4.2 Laser Wavelength (λ) -- 1.4.3 Laser Pulse Duration (τ) -- 1.4.4  Laser Energy (E) -- 1.4.5  Influence of Ambient Gas -- 1.5  Plasma Properties and Plasma Emission Spectra -- References -- Chapter 2 LIBS Instrumentations -- 2.1  Basics of LIBS instrumentations -- 2.2  Lasers in LIBS Systems -- 2.3  Desirable Requirements for Atomic Emission Spectrometers/Detectors -- 2.4  Spectrometers -- 2.4.1  Czerny-Turner Optical Configuration -- 2.4.2  Paschen-Runge Design -- 2.4.3  Echelle Spectrometer Configuration -- 2.5  Detectors -- 2.5.1  Photomultiplier Detectors -- 2.5.2  Solid-State Detectors -- 2.5.3  The Interline CCD Detectors -- 2.5.3.1  The Image Intensifier -- References -- Chapter 3 Applications of LIBS -- 3.1  Industrial Applications -- 3.1.1  Metal Industry -- 3.1.2  Energy Production -- 3.2  Biomedical Applications -- 3.3  Geological and Environmental Applications -- 3.4  Cultural Heritage and Archaeology Applications -- 3.5  Other Applications -- References -- Part II Simplications of LIBS Information -- Chapter 4 LIBS Spectral Treatment -- 4.1  Introduction -- 4.2  Baseline Correction -- 4.2.1  Polynomial "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Algorithm -- 4.2.2  Model-free Algorithm -- 4.2.3  Wavelet Transform Model -- 4.3  Noise Filtering -- 4.3.1  Wavelet Threshold De-noising (WTD) -- 4.3.2  Baseline Correction and Noise Filtering -- 4.4  Overlapping Peak Resolution."]
[{"$nulls":4},"4.4.1  Curve Fitting Method -- 4.4.2  The Wavelet Transform -- 4.5  Features Selection -- 4.5.1  Principal Component Analysis -- 4.5.2  Genetic Algorithm (GA) -- 4.5.3  Wavelet Transformation (WT) -- References -- Chapter 5 Principal Component Analysis -- 5.1  Introduction -- 5.1.1  Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) -- 5.2  The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -- 5.3  PCA in Some LIBS Applications -- 5.3.1  Geochemical Applications -- 5.3.2  Food and Feed Applications -- 5.3.3  Microbiological Applications -- 5.3.4  Forensic Applications -- 5.4  Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Time-Dependent Spectral Analysis -- 6.1  Introduction -- 6.2  Time-Dependent LIBS Spectral Analysis -- 6.2.1  Independent Component Analysis -- 6.2.2  3D Boltzmann Plot -- 6.2.2.1  Principles of the Method -- 6.3  Applications -- 6.3.1  3D Boltzmann Plot Coupled with Independent Component Analysis -- 6.3.2  Analysis of a Carbon Plasma by 3D Boltzmann Plot Method -- 6.3.3  Assessment of the LTE Condition Through the 3D Boltzmann Plot Method -- 6.3.4  Evaluation of Self-Absorption -- 6.3.5  Determination of Transition Probabilities -- 6.3.6  3D Boltzmann Plot and Calibration-free Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy -- 6.4  Conclusion -- References -- Part III Classification by LIBS -- Chapter 7 Distance-based Method -- 7.1  Cluster Analysis -- 7.1.1  Introduction -- 7.1.2  Theory -- 7.1.2.1  K-means Clustering -- 7.1.2.2  Hierarchical Clustering -- 7.1.3  Application -- 7.2  Independent Components Analysis -- 7.2.1  Introduction -- 7.2.2  Theory -- 7.2.3  Application -- 7.3  K-Nearest Neighbor -- 7.3.1  Introduction -- 7.3.2  Theory -- 7.3.3  Application -- 7.4  Linear Discriminant Analysis -- 7.4.1  Introduction -- 7.4.2  Theory -- 7.4.2.1  The Calculation Process of LDA .(Two Categories) -- 7.4.3  Application."]
[{"$nulls":4},"7.5  Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis -- 7.5.1  Introduction -- 7.5.2  Theory -- 7.5.3  Application -- 7.6  Principal Component Analysis -- 7.6.1  Introduction -- 7.6.2  Theory -- 7.6.3  Application -- 7.7  Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy -- 7.7.1  Introduction -- 7.7.2  Theory -- 7.7.3  Application -- 7.8  Conclusion and Expectation -- References -- Chapter 8 Blind Source Separation in LIBS -- 8.1  Introduction -- 8.2  Data Model -- 8.3  Analyzing LIBS Data via Blind Source Separation -- 8.3.1  Second-order BSS -- 8.3.2  Maximum Noise Fraction -- 8.3.3  Independent Component Analysis -- 8.3.4  ICA for Noisy Data -- 8.4  Numerical Examples -- 8.5  Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 9 Artificial Neural Networks for Classification -- 9.1  Introduction and Scope -- 9.2  Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) -- 9.3  Cost Functions and Training -- 9.4  Backpropagation -- 9.5  Convolutional Neural Networks -- 9.6  Evaluation and Tuning of ANNs -- 9.7  Regularization -- 9.8  State-of-the-art LIBS Classification Using ANNs -- 9.9  Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 Data Fusion: LIBS + Raman -- 10.1  Introduction -- 10.2  Data Fusion Background -- 10.3  Data Treatment -- 10.4  Working with Images -- 10.4.1  Vectors Concatenation -- 10.4.2  Vectors Co-addition -- 10.4.3  Vectors Outer Sum -- 10.4.4  Vectors Outer Product -- 10.4.5  Data Analysis -- 10.5  Applications -- 10.6  Conclusion -- References -- Part IV Quantitative Analysis -- Chapter 11 Univariate Linear Methods -- 11.1  Standards -- 11.2  Matrix Effect -- 11.3  Normalization -- 11.4  Linear vs Nonlinear Calibration Curves -- 11.5  Figures of Merit of a Calibration Curve -- 11.5.1  Coefficient of Determination -- 11.5.2  Root Mean "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Squared Error of Calibration -- 11.5.3  Limit of Detection -- 11.6  Inverse Calibration -- 11.7  Conclusion -- References."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Chapter 12 Partial Least Squares -- 12.1  Overview -- 12.2  Partial Least Squares Regression Algorithms -- 12.2.1  Nonlinear Iterative PLS -- 12.2.2  SIMPLS Algorithm -- 12.2.3  Kernel Partial Least Squares -- 12.2.4  Locally Weighted Partial Least Squares -- 12.2.5  Dominant Factor-based Partial Least Squares -- 12.3  Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis -- 12.4  Results of Partial Least Squares in LIBS -- 12.4.1  Coal Analysis -- 12.4.2  Metal Analysis -- 12.4.3  Rocks, Soils, and Minerals Analysis -- 12.4.4  Organics Analysis -- 12.5  Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Nonlinear Methods -- 13.1  Introduction -- 13.2  Multivariate Nonlinear Algorithms -- 13.2.1  Artificial Neural Networks -- 13.2.1.1  Conventional Artificial Neural Networks -- 13.2.1.2  Convolutional Neural Networks -- 13.2.2  Other Nonlinear Multivariate Approaches -- 13.2.2.1  The Franzini-Leoni Method -- 13.2.2.2  The Kalman Filter Approach -- 13.2.2.3  Calibration-Free Methods -- 13.3  Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14 Laser Ablation-based Techniques - Data Fusion -- 14.1  Introduction -- 14.2  Data Fusion of Multiple Analytical Techniques -- 14.2.1  Low-level Fusion -- 14.2.2  Mid-level Fusion -- 14.2.3  High-level Fusion -- 14.3  Data Fusion of Laser Ablation-Based Techniques -- 14.3.1  Introduction -- 14.3.2  Classification of Edible Salts -- 14.3.2.1  LIBS and LA-ICP-MS Measurements of the Salt Samples -- 14.3.2.2  Mid-Level Data Fusion of LIBS and LA-ICP-MS of Salt Samples -- 14.3.2.3  PLS-DA Classification Model for Salt Samples -- 14.3.3  Coal Discrimination Analysis -- 14.3.3.1  LIBS and LA-ICP-TOF-MS Measurements of the Coal Samples -- 14.3.3.2  Mid-Level Data Fusion of LIBS and LA-ICP-TOF-MS of Coal Samples -- 14.3.3.3  PCA Combined with K-means Cluster Analysis for Coal Samples -- 14.3.3.4  PLS-DA and SVM for Coal Samples Analysis."]
[{"$nulls":4},"14.4  Comments and Future Developments -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part V Conclusions -- Chapter 15 Conclusion -- Index -- EULA."]