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[null,null,"Titolo",null,"A practical guide to point of care ultrasound (POCUS) / / edited by Arunangshu Chakraborty and Balakrishnan Ashokka"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Gateway East, Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022]"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2022"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"981-16-7687-9"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (202 pages)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"616.07543"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Diagnostic ultrasonic imaging"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- 1: Basics of Point-of-Care Ultrasound -- 1.1  Basics of Ultrasound: Physics and Physiology -- 1.1.1  Mechanism of Action -- 1.1.1.1  Interactions of Ultrasound with Tissue -- 1.1.2  Reflection -- 1.1.3  Transmission -- 1.1.4  Attenuation -- 1.1.5  Echogenicity -- 1.1.5.1  Modes of Imaging -- 1.1.5.2  Transducers -- 1.1.5.3  Time Gain Compensation -- 1.1.5.4  Practical Aspects -- Compound Imaging -- Maneuvering the US Probe: PART -- Needling Techniques -- In-Plane -- 1.1.5.5  Out of Plane -- 1.1.5.6  Bioeffect and Safety -- 1.2  Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Concept and Limitations -- Self Assessment Questions -- References -- 2: Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Cannulation -- 2.1  Introduction -- 2.2  Principle of Vascular Cannulation -- 2.2.1  Identification of the Blood Vessel -- 2.2.2  Depth, Distance, and Angle -- 2.2.3  Selecting the Transducer and Mode -- 2.2.3.1  Transducer -- 2.2.3.2  Mode -- 2.2.4  Preparation -- 2.2.4.1  Preprocedural Evaluation -- 2.2.4.2  Positioning/Room Set Up/Ergonomics -- Patient -- Operator -- Equipment -- 2.3  Central Venous Cannulation -- 2.3.1  Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation -- 2.3.2  Subclavian Vein Cannulation -- 2.3.2.1  Anatomy of Subclavian Vessels -- 2.3.2.2  Ultrasound Assessment of Subclavian Vessels -- 2.3.2.3  Ultrasound-Guided Subclavian Vein Cannulation Technique -- Infraclavicular Approach -- Supraclavicular Approach -- Ultrasound Assessment of SCV in the Fossa Above the Clavicle -- Ultrasound-Guided SCV Cannulation -- 2.3.3  Femoral Vein Cannulation -- 2.3.3.1  Systematic Approach for USG Central Venous Catheter Placement -- 2.3.3.2  Femoral Vein Cannulation -- Limitations of Ultrasound-Guided Central Venous "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catheter Placement -- 2.3.4  Confirmation of the Correct Position of the Central Venous Catheter Tip."]
[{"$nulls":4},"2.3.4.1  The European Society of Anesthesiologists Recommends [40] -- 2.4  Peripheral Venous Cannulation -- 2.4.1  Indications -- 2.4.2  Procedure -- 2.4.2.1  Initial Scout -- 2.4.3  Confirm Vein -- 2.4.3.1  Identify the Appropriate Vein -- 2.4.3.2  Preparation -- 2.4.3.3  Needle Insertion -- 2.4.3.4  Confirmation of Cannulation -- 2.4.3.5  Complications -- 2.5  Arterial Cannulations -- 2.5.1  Scout Scan -- 2.5.1.1  Preparation -- 2.5.1.2  Needle Insertion -- 2.5.1.3  Confirmation of Cannulation -- 2.5.1.4  Complications -- 2.5.2  Radial Artery Cannulation -- 2.5.3  Femoral Artery Cannulation -- 2.5.4  Arteria Dorsalis Pedis Cannulation -- 2.5.5  Posterior Tibial Artery Cannulation -- 2.5.5.1  Technique -- 2.6  Recommendations for Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access [1] -- 2.7  Recommendations for Prevention of Mechanical Trauma or Injury -- 2.7.1  Catheter Insertion Site Selection -- 2.7.2  Positioning the Patient for Needle Insertion and Catheter Placement -- 2.7.3  Needle Insertion, Wire Placement, and Catheter Placement -- 2.7.4  Guidance of Needle, Wire, and Catheter Placement -- 2.7.5  Verification of Needle, Wire, and Catheter Placement -- 2.8  Recommendations for Management of Arterial Trauma or Injury Arising from Central Venous Access -- 2.8.1  Resource Preparation -- 2.8.2  Prevention of Infectious Complications -- 2.8.2.1  Intravenous Antibiotic Prophylaxis -- 2.8.2.2  Aseptic Preparation -- 2.8.2.3  Selection of Antiseptic Solution -- 2.8.2.4  Catheters Containing Antimicrobial Agents -- 2.8.2.5  Catheter Fixation -- 2.8.2.6  Insertion Site Dressings -- 2.8.2.7  Catheter Maintenance -- 2.9  Aseptic Techniques Using an Existing Central Venous Catheter for Injection or Aspiration -- 2.10  Recognized Benefits and Concerns about Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access -- 2.10.1  Recognized Benefits."]
[{"$nulls":4},"2.11  Concerns and Limitations of us-Guided Vascular Access -- 2.12  Training -- 2.12.1  Training for Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Cannulations -- 2.13  Conclusion -- Self Assessment Questions: (Answer Keys at the End of the Chapter) -- References -- 3: Point of Care Ultrasound of the Airway -- 3.1  Indications -- 3.2  Normal Anatomy -- 3.2.1  Ultrasound Appearance of Airway Structures -- 3.2.2  Normal Ultrasound Appearance of the Airway -- 3.2.2.1  Transducer Selection -- 3.3  Airway Devices -- 3.3.1  Endotracheal Tube (ETT) -- 3.3.1.1  Extubation -- 3.3.2  Supraglottic Airway (SGA) -- 3.3.3  Double Lumen Endotracheal Tube (DLT) -- 3.4  Airway Nerve Block -- 3.5  Clinical Pearls and Applications -- 3.5.1  Focused Rapid Ultrasound Review of the Upper Airway -- 3.5.1.1  Goals -- 3.5.2  Potential Ultrasound Predictors of Laryngoscopy -- 3.6  Summary -- MCQs: Chose the Single Best Answer -- References -- 4: Point-of-Care Ultrasound of the Lungs -- 4.1  Introduction -- 4.1.1  Ultrasound Properties of Lung -- 4.1.2  Types of Ultrasound Transducers for LUS -- 4.1.3  Performing LUS -- 4.1.4  Blue Protocol (Four-Point Method) -- 4.1.5  Ultrasound Image of Normal Lung -- 4.1.6  Lung Sliding and Lung Pulse -- 4.1.7  Pneumothorax -- 4.1.8  Limitations for Identification of Pneumothorax -- 4.1.9  Pulmonary Edema and Interstitial Lung Disease -- 4.1.10  Pleural Effusion -- 4.1.11  Consolidation -- 4.1.12  Atelectasis -- 4.1.13  Asthma/Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease -- 4.1.14  Pulmonary Embolism -- 4.1.15  Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19 -- 4.1.16  Role of LUS in Thoracic Interventions/Procedures -- 4.1.17  Advantages of LUS -- 4.1.18  Limitations -- Self-Assessment Questions: Select the Best Answer -- References -- 5: Point-of-Care Ultrasound of the Heart: Transthoracic Echocardiogram -- 5.1  Echocardiography -- 5.1.1  "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Background."]
[{"$nulls":4},"5.1.1.1  Sonography Principles and Instrumentation -- 5.1.1.2  Normal Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) -- 5.1.1.3  Normal Transesophageal Echocardiography (TOE) -- 5.1.1.4  Left Ventricular Systolic Function Assessment -- 5.1.1.5  Left Ventricular Diastolic Function -- 5.1.1.6  Right Ventricular Function Assessment -- 5.1.1.7  Pulmonary Artery Pressures -- 5.1.1.8  Volume Assessment -- 5.1.1.9  Cardiac Output -- References -- 6: Vascular Ultrasound -- 6.1  Introduction -- 6.2  Carotid Artery -- 6.2.1  Anatomy of Carotid Artery -- 6.2.2  Ultrasound Assessment of Carotid Artery -- 6.2.3  Duplex Ultrasound of Carotid Artery -- 6.3  Internal Jugular Vein -- 6.3.1  Anatomy of Internal Jugular Vein -- 6.3.2  Ultrasound Assessment of IJV -- 6.3.2.1  Anatomy of Subclavian Vessels -- 6.3.2.2  Ultrasound Assessment of Subclavian Vessels -- 6.4  Anatomy of Inferior Vena Cava -- 6.4.1  Ultrasound Assessment of IVC -- 6.4.2  Assessment of IVC with Ultrasound -- 6.4.3  Clinical Applications and Limitations of IVC as a Tool for Predicting Fluid Responsiveness -- 6.5  Abdominal Aorta -- 6.5.1  Anatomy of Abdominal Aorta -- 6.5.2  Ultrasound Assessment of Abdominal Aorta -- 6.5.3  Ultrasound Technique of Abdominal Aorta -- 6.6  Role of Ultrasound in the Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) -- 6.6.1  Anatomy of Upper Limb Veins -- 6.6.2  Ultrasound Assessment of Upper Limb Veins for DVT -- 6.6.3  Anatomy of Lower Limb Vessels -- 6.6.4  Ultrasound Evaluation of Femoral Vessels -- 6.6.5  Role of Ultrasound in the Evaluation for Deep Vein Thrombosis -- 6.6.6  Ultrasound Evaluation of Chronic Venous Insufficiency -- 6.6.7  Pitfalls and Artifacts of Using Ultrasound for DVT -- 6.6.8  Limitations of Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of DVT -- 6.7  Outcome Studies Related to DVT Assessment with Ultrasonography -- Questions -- References."]
[{"$nulls":4},"7: Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) Exam -- 7.1  Definition -- 7.2  Introduction/Background -- 7.2.1  History of the FAST Exam -- 7.2.2  Anatomy and Physiology of Fluid Collection in Body Cavities -- 7.2.3  Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage -- 7.2.4  CT Scan in the Trauma Patient -- 7.3  Focused Question in FAST Exam -- 7.4  Indications of FAST Exam -- 7.5  Contraindications -- 7.6  Preparation -- 7.7  Position of Patient -- 7.8  Probe and Machine Preset -- 7.9  Scanning Technique -- 7.10  Views -- 7.10.1  Right Upper Quadrant View -- 7.10.2  Left Upper Quadrant View -- 7.10.3  Pelvic Cavity: Sagittal and Transverse Views -- 7.10.4  Pericardium -- 7.11  Extended FAST or e-FAST Scan -- 7.12  Limitations of FAST Scan -- 7.13  FAST Scan Flowchart (Fig. 7.18) -- 7.14  Reporting a FAST Scan -- 7.15  FAST Scan vs. US Abdomen -- 7.16  Caution -- 7.17  Summary -- Self-Assessment Questions: Chose the Single Best Answer -- References -- 8: Miscellaneous POCUS: Gastric Ultrasound, Urinary Bladder Ultrasound, Ocular Ultrasound, Obstetric POCUS -- 8.1  Introduction -- 8.2  Gastric Ultrasound -- 8.2.1  Introduction -- 8.2.2  Indications [3] -- 8.2.3  Limitations -- 8.2.4  Scanning Technique -- 8.2.5  Applied Anatomy -- 8.2.5.1  Gastric Antrum -- 8.2.5.2  Gastric Wall -- 8.2.6  Ultrasound Image Correlation (Table 8.1) -- 8.2.6.1  Empty Stomach -- 8.2.6.2  Solid Early Stage -- 8.2.6.3  Solid Late Stage -- 8.2.6.4  Clear Fluid -- 8.2.6.5  Fluid with Air Bubbles -- 8.2.7  Gastric Volume Assessment (Clear Fluids) -- 8.2.7.1  Antral Grading System (Grades 0-2) [5] (Table 8.2) -- 8.2.8  Qualitative Versus Quantitative Assessment -- 8.3  Point-of-Care Ultrasound Examination of Urinary Bladder -- 8.3.1  Introduction -- 8.3.2  Indications -- 8.3.3  Following Topics Will Be Covered in this Description -- 8.3.4  Patient Position."]
[{"$nulls":4},"8.3.5  Ultrasound Probe Selection."]