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[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Atlas of critical care echocardiography / / edited by Alexis Salerno, Daniel J. Haase, and Sarah B. Murthi"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2022"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"3-030-74687-9"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (189 pages)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"616.1207543"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Critical care medicine"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Ecocardiografia"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Medicina intensiva en cardiologia"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Llibres electrònics"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Imaging -- Obtaining, Interpreting, and Using Echo -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Ultrasound Knobology -- 2.1  Echogenicity (Fig. 1) -- 2.2  Knobs and Terms (Table 1) -- 3  Ultrasound Scanning Modes -- 3.1  B Mode or Two-Dimensional (2D) (Fig. 2 Upper Panel, Video 1) -- 3.2  M Mode (Fig. 2 Lower Panel) -- 3.3  Doppler Modes (Fig. 3) -- 3.3.1  Types of Doppler -- 4  Ultrasound Transducers (Fig. 4) -- 4.1  Curvilinear -- 4.2  Linear -- 4.3  Phased Array -- 5  Transducer Movements (Fig. 5) -- 6  Exam Types and Presets (Fig. 6) -- 7  Measurements in Point-of-Care Ultrasound -- Suggested Reading -- Parasternal Long Axis -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Obtaining the PLA -- 2.1  Image Orientation (Fig. 2) -- 3  Assessments and Measurements -- 4  Ideal Image (Fig. 3) -- 5  Tips and Pointers -- 6  Special Considerations -- Suggested Reading -- Parasternal Short Axis -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Obtaining the Parasternal Short Axis -- 2.1  Image Orientation (Fig. 2) -- 2.2  Ideal Images -- 3  Assessment and Measurements -- 4  Tips and Pointers -- Suggested Reading -- Apical 4 Chamber and Apical 5 Chamber -- 1  Introduction -- 1.1  Obtaining the AP 4 -- 1.2  Obtaining the AP 5 -- 1.3  Image Orientation -- 1.4  Ideal Image (Fig. 2) -- 1.5  Assessments and Measurements -- 1.6  Troubleshooting/Pointers -- Suggested Reading -- Subxiphoid Cardiac and Inferior Vena Cava Views -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Obtaining "]
[{"$nulls":4},"the Subxiphoid View -- 3  Obtaining the IVC Window -- 4  Image Orientation Cardiac Presets -- 5  Image Orientation Abdominal Presets for the FAST and RUSH -- 6  Ideal Image -- 7  Assessments and Measurements -- 8  Tips and Pointers -- Suggested Reading -- Liver Doppler -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Obtaining the Hepatic PWD -- 3  Obtaining the Portal Pulsed Wave Doppler -- 4  Tips and Pointers."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Suggested Reading -- Renal Doppler -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Obtaining the Renal Doppler Image -- 3  Renal Venous Assessments -- 4  Renal Arterial Assessments -- 5  Troubleshooting and Pointers -- Suggested Reading -- Thoracic Ultrasound -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Uses for Thoracic Ultrasound in Shock -- 3  Obtaining the Thoracic Views -- 4  Normal Anatomical Structures (Fig. 4) -- 5  Artifacts (Fig. 5) -- 6  Tips and Pointers -- 7  Special Considerations -- Suggested Reading -- Part II: Measurements and Interpretation -- Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and E-point Septal Separation -- 1  Introduction -- 2  LVEF and EPSS -- 2.1  Uses for LVEF and EPSS -- 2.2  Obtaining the Views LVEF and EPSS -- 3  Visual Estimation of the LVEF -- 4  Measurement of EPSS -- 5  Special Considerations -- References -- Stroke Volume, Cardiac Output, and Systemic Vascular Resistance -- 1  Introduction -- 2  SV and SV Index (SVI) -- 2.1  Uses for SV -- 2.2  Measurement of SV -- 2.3  Tips and Pointers -- 2.4  Equation for SV -- 2.5  Special Considerations -- 3  Cardiac Output and Cardiac Index (CO and CI) -- 3.1  Uses for CO -- 3.2  Measurement of CO -- 3.3  Equations for CO and CI -- 4  Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) and SVR Index (SVRI) -- 4.1  Uses for SVR -- 4.2  Measurement of SVR -- 4.3  Equation for SVR -- 4.4  Measurement of SVRI -- 4.5  Special Considerations -- Suggested Reading -- Diastolic Function -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Diastolic Function -- 3  Obtaining the Measurements LV Diastolic Function -- 3.1  Pulsed Wave Doppler Through the Mitral Valve: E and A (Fig. 1) -- 3.2  Tissue Doppler at the Lateral Mitral Valve Annulus: e′ and a′ (Fig. 2) -- 4  Interpreting Measurements: Grading LV Diastolic Function (Figs. 3 and 4) -- 5  Obtaining Measurements of RV Diastolic Function -- 5.1  Pulsed Wave Doppler Through the Tricuspid Valve: ETRV and A TRV."]
[{"$nulls":4},"5.2  Tissue Doppler Imaging at the Lateral Mitral Annuls: e′TRV and a′TRV -- 5.3  Interpreting RV Diastolic Dysfunction Measurements -- 6  Tips and Pitfalls -- Suggested Reading -- Right Ventricular Systolic Function -- 1  Introduction -- 2  RV Dysfunction -- 3  Uses for RV Assessment -- 4  Obtaining Views -- 4.1  Visual Estimation of the RV -- 4.2  Tips and Pointers -- 4.3  Measurement of Transannular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) (Figs. 2 and 3) -- 4.4  Measurement of Peak Systolic Velocity at the Tricuspid Valve (S′TRV) -- 5  Tips and Pointers for TAPSE and S′ -- 6  Special Considerations -- 7  Normal and Reference Values -- Suggested Reading -- Pulmonary Hypertension -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Pulmonary Artery Pressures -- 3  Visual Inspection the RV and LV in All Windows (Fig. 1) -- 4  Assessment with the Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet (Fig. 2) -- 5  Assessment of Flow Through the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract -- Suggested Reading -- Inferior Vena Cava Respiratory Variation -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Obtaining the Views and Calculating Measurements -- 3  Interpreting Measurements -- 4  Tips and Pitfalls -- Suggested Reading -- Stroke Volume Variation -- 1  Introduction -- 2  SVV with Respiratory Peak Velocity Variation -- 3  Uses VTI RV -- 4  Window and Mode -- 5  How to Measure SVV with VTI Vpk Variation -- 6  Special Considerations When Using APV and VTI Variation for SVV Assessment -- 7  SVV with Passive Leg Raise -- Suggested Reading -- Pulmonary Findings -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Uses for Lung Assessment -- 3  B-Lines as Evidence of Pulmonary Edema -- 4  Tips and Pointers "]
[{"$nulls":4},"-- 5  Special Considerations -- 6  Pleural Effusion, Consolidation, and Collapse -- 7  Pneumothorax -- 8  Evaluation of Pneumothorax by M-Mode -- 9  Tips and Pointers -- Suggested Reading -- Right Atrial Pressure Assessment -- 1  Introduction."]
[{"$nulls":4},"2  Estimation of RAP for Calculations of SVR and PA Systolic Pressure -- 3  Detection of Venous Congestion from Elevated RAP -- 4  Other Assessments -- 4.1  Right Ventricular Diastolic Function -- 4.2  Inferior Vena Cava -- 4.3  Special Considerations -- Suggested Reading -- Potpourri of Pathology -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Case 1: Cardiac Tamponade -- 3  Case 2: Pulmonary Embolism -- 4  Case 3: COVID-19 Pneumonia -- 5  Case 4 Severe Aortic Stenosis -- 6  Case 5 Endocarditis -- Suggested Reading -- Part III: Shock Protocols -- The Focused Sonogram for Trauma (FAST) -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Uses -- 3  The FAST Protocol -- 4  Tips and Pointers -- 5  Special Considerations -- Suggested Reading -- The Rapid UltraSound in Shock (RUSH) -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Uses -- 3  FAST and RUSH Protocols -- 4  Tips and Pointers -- 5  Special Considerations -- Suggested Reading -- Cardiac Arrest Sonographic Assessment (CASA) -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Uses for CASA -- 3  CASA Protocol -- 4  Tips and Pointers -- References -- Part IV: The Focused Rapid Echocardiographic Evaluation (FREE) -- There Is No @#% Tank! It is a Pump!! -- 1  Introduction -- 2  There Is No @#% Tank! It Is a Pump!!! -- 3  The Capillary Bed -- Suggested Reading -- Echo-Based Shock Physiology -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Presentation of Shock -- 3  Optimizing Perfusion vs. Resuscitation -- 4  Phases of Shock (Fig. 1) -- 5  Medical vs. Surgical Shock -- 6  Therapies to Optimize Perfusion in Shock -- 7  Hypotension vs. Shock -- Suggested Reading -- The Focused Rapid Echocardiographic Evaluation (FREE) -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Uses -- 3  FREE Protocol -- 4  Pre-imaging Assessment -- 5  Ultrasound Imaging in the FREE (Fig. 1) -- 6  Measurements and Analysis -- 7  Hemodynamic Profiles and Treatment Recommendations -- 8  Operationalizing the FREE -- 9  Tips and Pointers -- 10  Special Considerations."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Suggested Reading -- Fluid Strategies in the FREE -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Effects of a Fluid Bolus -- 3  Fluid Liberal vs Fluid Conservative (Figs. 1 and 2) -- 4  Surgical Patients -- Suggested Reading -- Hemodynamic Profiles in the FREE -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Hemodynamic Profiles -- 3  Assessing the Profiles -- 4  Normal × 3 (Happy Heart) -- 5  Underfilled (Hummingbird) -- 6  Vasodilated -- 7  Dysfunctional (Sad Heart) -- 8  Mixed Profiles -- Suggested Readings -- The Focused Rapid Echocardiographic Evaluation (FREE): Clinical Examples -- 1  Introduction -- 2  Quantitative Measurements in the FREE -- 3  Case 1: Trauma Patient with Decreased Urine Output -- 4  Case 2: Overdose with Respiratory Failure and Hypotension -- 5  Case 3: Postoperative from a Major Ventral Hernia Repair with Hypotension -- 6  Case 4: Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and Hypotension -- 7  Case 5: COVID-19 Requiring ECMO with Hypotension and Worsening Hypoxia -- Suggested Reading -- Index."]