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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910502980703321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Rath Girija Prasad"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Fundamentals of pediatric neuroanesthesia / / Girija Prasad Rath"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Singapore : , : Springer, , [2021]"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2021"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"981-16-3376-2"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (710 pages)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"617.96083"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Pediatric anesthesia"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Anestèsia en pediatria"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Llibres electrònics"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Part I: General Considerations -- 1: Pediatric Neuroanesthesia: Evolution of a New Subspeciality -- 1.1  Introduction -- 1.2  Development of Neuroanesthesia Along with Neurosurgery -- 1.3  Development of Pediatric Neurosurgery as a Subspecialty -- 1.3.1  Neurosurgery: An Indian Perspective -- 1.4  Pediatric Neuroanesthesia: Not Just \"Anesthesia\" or \"Neuroanesthesia\" -- 1.5  Future Prospects as a Subspeciality -- 1.6  Conclusion -- References -- 2: Developmental Anatomy and Physiology of the Central Nervous System in Children -- 2.1  Introduction -- 2.2  Development of the Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems -- 2.2.1  Intrauterine Development -- 2.2.2  Development of the Brain -- 2.2.3  Development of the Spinal Cord -- 2.2.4  Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) -- 2.2.5  Neuronal and Cellular Proliferation -- 2.2.6  Myelination -- 2.3  Relevant Anatomy -- 2.3.1  Head Size, Suture, and Fontanelle -- 2.4  Cerebral Vascular Anatomy -- 2.4.1  Arterial Circulation -- 2.4.2  Venous Drainage -- 2.5  Cerebral Physiology -- 2.5.1  Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) -- 2.5.1.1  Factors Affecting Cerebral Blood Flow -- Cerebrovascular Reactivity to Carbon Dioxide in Children -- 2.5.2  Cerebral Metabolic Rate (CMR) -- 2.5.3  Cerebral Autoregulation (CA) -- 2.5.3.1  Cerebral Autoregulation (CA) in Neonates -- 2.5.3.2  Cerebral Autoregulation (CA) in Small Children -- 2.5.4  Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) Dynamics -- 2.5.5  Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) -- 2.5.6  Intracranial Pressure (ICP) -- 2.5.7  Cerebral Compliance (Intracranial "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Pressure-Volume Relationship) -- 2.5.7.1  Intracranial Compliance -- 2.6  Spinal Cord Anatomy and Physiology -- 2.6.1  Spinal Cord Vascular Anatomy -- 2.7  Neurotoxicity in the Immature Human Brain -- 2.8  Epileptogenesis in the Developing Brain."]
[{"$nulls":4},"2.9  Neuroprotection -- 2.9.1  General Measures -- 2.9.2  Anesthetic Agents -- 2.9.3  Temperature Control: Therapeutic Hypothermia -- 2.9.4  Hypoxic-Ischemic Preconditioning -- 2.9.5  Remote Ischemic Preconditioning -- 2.9.6  Erythropoietin (EPO) -- 2.9.7  Progesterone -- 2.9.8  Neurotrophic Factors -- 2.9.9  Stem Cell Treatment -- 2.10  Cerebral Physiology in Pathological States -- 2.11  Conclusion -- References -- 3: Effect of Sedatives and Anesthetics on Cerebral Physiology in Children -- 3.1  Introduction -- 3.2  Effect of Specific Anesthetic Agents -- 3.2.1  Inhaled Anesthetics -- 3.2.1.1  Nitrous Oxide -- 3.2.1.2  Halothane -- 3.2.1.3  Isoflurane -- 3.2.1.4  Sevoflurane -- 3.2.1.5  Desflurane -- 3.2.1.6  Xenon -- 3.2.2  Intravenous Anesthetics -- 3.2.2.1  Propofol -- 3.2.2.2  Thiopentone -- 3.2.2.3  Etomidate -- 3.2.2.4  Ketamine -- 3.2.3  Other Agents -- 3.2.3.1  Opioids -- 3.2.3.2  Benzodiazepines -- 3.2.3.3  Muscle Relaxants -- 3.2.3.4  Dexmedetomidine -- 3.3  Anesthetic Neuroprotection in Children -- 3.4  Conclusion -- References -- 4: Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation of Children Undergoing Neurosurgery -- 4.1  Introduction -- 4.2  History Taking in a Child Posted for Neurosurgery -- 4.3  Physical Examination -- 4.3.1  General Examination -- 4.4  Neurologic Examination -- 4.5  Airway Assessment -- 4.6  Cardiovascular Examination -- 4.7  Respiratory Examination -- 4.8  Other Systemic Examinations -- 4.9  Preoperative Investigations -- 4.10  Risk Stratification -- 4.11  Other Considerations -- 4.11.1  The Child with Physical or Mental Handicap -- 4.11.2  Drug Abusing Child and Adolescent -- 4.12  Preoperative Preparation -- 4.12.1  Preoperative Visit -- 4.12.2  Informed Consent -- 4.12.3  Fasting Guidelines -- 4.12.4  Premedication and Review of Current Medications -- 4.13  Conclusion -- References."]
[{"$nulls":4},"5: Airway Equipment and Difficult Airway Management During Pediatric Neurosurgery -- 5.1  Introduction -- 5.2  Infant Versus Adult Airway -- 5.3  Predicting Difficult Airway in Children -- 5.4  Planning and Investigations -- 5.5  Conducting the Anesthetic -- 5.6  Equipment for Airway Management in Children -- 5.6.1  Pediatric Masks -- 5.6.2  Pediatric Laryngoscopes -- 5.6.3  Airway Adjuncts -- 5.6.4  Tracheal Tube Exchangers -- 5.6.5  Cuffed Endotracheal Tubes in Pediatric Patients -- 5.6.6  Reinforced Endotracheal Tubes in Pediatric Patients -- 5.6.7  Frova Intubating Introducer -- 5.6.8  Laryngeal Mask Airways (LMAs) and Other Supraglottic Airway Devices (SADs) -- 5.6.9  Video Laryngoscope -- 5.6.10  Fiberoptic Bronchoscope -- 5.6.11  Pediatric Anesthetic Circuit During Neurosurgery -- 5.7  Pediatric Neurosurgical Patients with Difficult Airway -- 5.7.1  Rapid Sequence Induction -- 5.7.2  Difficulty Securing the Airway -- 5.7.3  Difficulty in Maintaining the Airway -- 5.7.4  Difficult Extubation -- 5.8  The Pediatric Emergency Difficult Airway Cart -- 5.9  Escape Route for Cannot Intubate, Cannot Oxygenate (CICO) Scenarios -- 5.10  Pediatric Tracheostomy -- 5.11  Conclusion -- References -- 6: Anesthetizing Pediatric Neurosurgical Patients: A Practical Approach -- 6.1  Introduction -- 6.2  Preoperative Preparation -- 6.2.1  Preoperative Checks -- 6.2.1.1  Preoperative Assessment -- 6.2.1.2  Fasting and Consent -- 6.2.1.3  Radiology and Labs -- 6.2.1.4  Checklist -- 6.2.1.5  Anxiolysis on Day of Surgery -- 6.2.2  Operating Room Preparation -- 6.3  Intraoperative Management -- 6.3.1  Vascular Access -- 6.3.2  Induction of Anesthesia -- 6.3.3  Intubation (Airway Management) -- 6.3.4  Maintenance of Anesthesia -- 6.3.5  Monitoring "]
[{"$nulls":4},"-- 6.3.5.1  Hemodynamic Monitoring -- 6.3.5.2  Neurophysiologic Monitoring -- 6.3.6  Positioning."]
[{"$nulls":4},"6.3.7  Fluid and Blood Component Therapy -- 6.3.8  Glucose Homeostasis -- 6.3.9  Temperature Regulation -- 6.3.10  Intraoperative Complications -- 6.3.11  Emergence -- 6.4  Postoperative Care -- 6.4.1  PACU Considerations -- 6.4.1.1  Organization of PACU -- 6.4.1.2  Transport and Handover -- 6.4.2  Specific Entities in PACU -- 6.4.2.1  Emergence Delirium -- 6.4.2.2  Pain Management -- Opioids -- Non-opioids -- 6.4.2.3  Adverse Respiratory Events and Mechanical Ventilation -- 6.4.2.4  ICP Monitoring and Management -- 6.4.2.5  Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances -- 6.5  Conclusion -- References -- 7: Positioning Children During Neurosurgery -- 7.1  Introduction -- 7.2  Historical Aspects -- 7.3  General Principles Common to all Pediatric Positions -- 7.3.1  Transport and Handling -- 7.3.2  Equipment -- 7.3.2.1  The Surgical Table -- 7.3.2.2  Accessories -- 7.3.2.3  Head Immobilization Devices -- 7.3.3  Protective Padding -- 7.3.4  Physiology of Patient Positioning -- 7.3.4.1  Respiratory Physiology -- 7.3.4.2  Circulation -- 7.3.4.3  Temperature Regulation -- 7.3.5  Head Position -- 7.3.6  Repositioning During Anesthesia -- 7.4  Basic Positions in Neurosurgery -- 7.4.1  Supine Position -- 7.4.2  Lateral Position -- 7.4.3  Park Bench Position -- 7.4.4  Prone Position -- 7.4.5  Head-Elevated Prone or Concorde Position -- 7.4.6  Sea Lion Prone or Sphinx Position -- 7.4.7  Sitting Position -- 7.5  Conclusion -- References -- 8: Monitoring Children Undergoing Neurosurgery -- 8.1  Introduction -- 8.2  Basic Monitoring -- 8.3  Special Monitoring -- 8.4  Monitoring the Nervous System -- 8.4.1  Monitoring Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Blood Flow -- 8.4.1.1  Intracranial Pressure (ICP) -- Direct Methods -- Indirect Methods -- 8.4.2  Monitoring Metabolism and Oxygenation -- 8.4.2.1  Near-Infrared Spectroscopy -- 8.4.2.2  Brain Tissue Oxygen (PbtO2) Monitoring."]
[{"$nulls":4},"8.4.2.3  Jugular Venous Oximetry -- 8.4.2.4  Cerebral Microdialysis -- 8.4.3  Transcranial Doppler (TCD) Ultrasonography -- 8.4.4  Monitoring of Function -- 8.4.4.1  Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs) -- 8.4.4.2  Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs) -- 8.4.4.3  Electromyography (EMG) -- 8.4.4.4  Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) -- 8.4.4.5  Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses (BAERs) -- 8.4.4.6  Electroencephalography -- 8.5  Conclusion -- References -- 9: Perioperative Thermoregulation in Children and Temperature Monitoring -- 9.1  Introduction -- 9.2  Physiology of Thermoregulation -- 9.2.1  Thermoregulation in Newborn -- 9.3  Effects of Anesthesia on Thermoregulation -- 9.4  Perioperative Hypothermia -- 9.4.1  Adverse Effects of Hypothermia -- 9.5  Perioperative Thermal Manipulations -- 9.6  Temperature Monitoring -- 9.7  Perioperative Hyperthermia -- 9.8  Malignant Hyperthermia in Children -- 9.9  Targeted Temperature Management in Pediatric Neurointensive Care -- 9.10  Conclusion -- References -- 10: Fluid and Electrolytes Management in Children Undergoing Neurosurgery -- 10.1  Introduction -- 10.2  General Considerations -- 10.3  Choice of Fluid During Pediatric Neurosurgery -- 10.3.1  Fluid Considerations Before Surgery -- 10.3.2  Assessment and Correction of Fluid Deficit -- 10.3.3  Maintenance Fluid Requirements -- 10.3.4  Management of Other Losses During Surgery -- 10.3.5  Postoperative Fluid Management and Monitoring of Fluid Therapy -- 10.4  General Principles for Electrolytes Management -- 10.5  Sodium Disturbances -- 10.5.1  Hyponatremia -- 10.5.2  Hypernatremia -- 10.5.3  Diabetes Insipidus (DI) -- 10.5.4  Hyperkalemia -- 10.5.5  Hypokalemia -- 10.5.6  Hypocalcemia -- 10.5.7  Hypercalcemia -- 10.5.8  Hypophosphatemia -- 10.5.9  Hyperphosphatemia -- 10.5.10 "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Hypomagnesemia -- 10.5.11 Hypermagnesemia -- 10.6  Conclusions -- References."]
[{"$nulls":4},"11: Blood Loss and Transfusion in Children Undergoing Neurosurgery."]