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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910488727503321"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Ethology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears / / Randall W. Davis, Anthony M. Pagano, editors"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2021"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"3-030-66796-0"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (366 pages)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Marine Mammals"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"599.74446"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Sea otter - Behavior"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Polar bear - Behavior"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Llúdries"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Óssos (Mamífers)"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Etologia"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Llibres electrònics"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Introduction to the Series -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Behavior of Sea Otters and Polar Bears in the Marine Environment -- 1.2 Chapter Sequence -- References -- Part I: Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Sea Otters -- Chapter 2: Taxonomy and Evolution of Sea Otters -- 2.1 Taxonomy -- 2.2 Early Evolution of Mammals -- 2.3 Emergence of the Carnivora -- 2.4 Mustelidae and the Otter Clade -- 2.5 Sea Otters -- References -- Chapter 3: Sea Otter Behavior: Morphologic, Physiologic, and Sensory Adaptations -- 3.1 Morphology -- 3.1.1 Craniodental Morphology and Feeding -- 3.1.2 Axial and Appendicular Skeletal Morphology, Prey Capture, and Locomotion -- 3.1.2.1 Axial Specialization -- 3.1.2.2 Appendicular Specialization -- 3.1.2.3 Aquatic Locomotion -- 3.1.2.4 Terrestrial Locomotion -- 3.2 Physiology -- 3.2.1 Respiration, Lung Volume, Buoyancy, and Oxygen Stores -- 3.2.2 Effects of Pressure -- 3.2.3 Adaptations for Breath-Hold Diving -- 3.2.4 Metabolism and Thermoregulation -- 3.2.5 Sleep -- 3.3 Sensory Systems -- 3.3.1 Vision -- 3.3.2 Audition and Sound Production -- 3.3.3 Sense of Touch and Vibrissae -- 3.3.4 Olfaction (Smell) -- 3.3.5 Gustation (Taste) -- 3.3.6 The Multimodal Sensory Perception (Umwelt) of Sea Otters -- References -- Chapter 4: Sea Otter Foraging Behavior -- 4.1 Sea Otters: "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Marine Specialists But Diet Generalists -- 4.2 Evolution of Sea Otter Foraging Behavior -- 4.3 Foraging Dives -- 4.4 Diet -- 4.5 Prey Capture -- 4.6 Daily Foraging Duration -- 4.7 Carrying Capacity and Foraging Behavior -- References -- Chapter 5: Social Structure of Marine Otters: Inter and Intraspecific Variation -- 5.1 Patterns of Social Behavior and Cooperation in Otters -- 5.2 Marine Otters -- 5.3 North American River Otter Sociality -- 5.3.1 Social Interactions Among Males -- 5.3.2 Social Interactions Among Females."]
[{"$nulls":4},"5.3.3 The Role of Latrines in River Otter Sociality -- 5.3.4 Social Behavior at Latrines -- 5.3.5 River Otter Social Network Structure -- 5.4 Sea Otter Sociality -- 5.4.1 Interactions Among Males -- 5.4.2 Interactions Among Females -- 5.4.3 Sea Otter Social Structure -- 5.5 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 6: Reproductive Behavior of Male Sea Otters -- 6.1 Male Sea Otters: Morphologic, Physiologic and Behavioral Traits -- 6.2 Anatomy and Physiology of Male Reproduction -- 6.3 Evolution of the Sea Otter Mating System -- 6.4 Male Territorial Behavior -- 6.5 Male Mating Behavior -- 6.6 Comparisons with Other Marine Mammals and Otters -- 6.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Reproductive Behavior of Female Sea Otters and Their Pups -- 7.1 Female Sea Otters: Morphologic, Physiologic, and Behavioral Traits -- 7.2 Anatomy, Physiology, and Behavior of Female Reproduction -- 7.3 Lactation -- 7.4 Maternal and Pup Behavior -- 7.5 Female Reproductive Strategy -- 7.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Sea Otter Behavior and Its Influence on Littoral Community Structure -- 8.1 Sea Otters: A Littoral Predator -- 8.2 The Challenge of Sea Otter Ecological Research -- 8.3 Historical Perspective -- 8.4 Current Perspective -- 8.5 Community Changes in Nearshore Marine Ecosystems -- 8.5.1 Top-Down Effects -- 8.5.2 Bottom-Up Effects -- 8.5.3 Indirect Effects -- 8.6 Contrasting Littoral Communities Along the Gulf of Alaska -- 8.7 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 9: Sea Otter Predator Avoidance Behavior -- 9.1 The Sea Otter Predator-Prey Relationship -- 9.2 Humans -- 9.3 Bald Eagles -- 9.4 Brown Bears -- 9.5 White Sharks -- 9.6 Killer Whales -- 9.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Sea Otters and the Maritime Fur Trade -- 10.1 Native Uses of Sea Otters -- 10.2 The Early Asian Sea Otter Trade."]
[{"$nulls":4},"10.3 Bering´s Expedition Discovers Sea Otters -- 10.4 The Rush for Sea Otter Fur Begins -- 10.5 Conquest of the Aleutian Islands -- 10.6 The Russian Invasion of Alaska´s Southcentral Coast -- 10.7 Sea Otter Hunting Techniques -- 10.8 The Sea Otter Fur Trade in the Early nineteenth Century -- 10.9 The Sea Otter Fur Trade from 1820-1840 -- 10.10 Purchase of Alaska by the United States and Renewed Sea Otter Hunting -- 10.11 Effects on Sea Otter Populations -- 10.12 Effects on Native Hunters -- 10.13 Effects on Natives Left Behind -- 10.14 Effects on Colonial Russians -- 10.15 The Economics of the Maritime Sea Otter Trade -- 10.16 Lessons from the Sea Otter Fur Trade -- References -- Part II: Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Polar Bears -- Chapter 11: Polar Bear Taxonomy and Evolution -- 11.1 Taxonomy -- 11.2 Polar Bear and Brown Bear Pre-genetic and Genetic Studies -- 11.2.1 Pre-genetic Studies -- 11.2.2 Genetic Studies -- 11.2.3 Ancient DNA -- 11.2.4 Current Hypotheses -- 11.3 Polar Bear Diversity -- 11.4 Polar Bear Hybridization with Brown Bears -- 11.5 Natural Selection -- 11.6 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 12: Polar Bear Behavior: Morphologic and Physiologic Adaptations -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Morphology -- 12.2.1 Temporal and Spatial Variation in Morphometrics -- 12.2.2 Craniodental Morphology and Feeding -- 12.2.3 Axial and Appendicular Skeletal Morphology -- 12.2.4 Body Composition -- 12.3 Senses -- 12.4 Metabolism -- 12.5 "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Thermoregulation -- 12.6 Reproduction and Hibernation -- 12.7 Feeding and Fasting -- 12.8 Disease and Immune Function -- 12.9 Physiological Effects of Environmental Contaminants -- 12.10 Future Research -- References -- Chapter 13: Polar Bear Foraging Behavior -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Seasonal Foraging Patterns -- 13.3 Hunting Behavior -- 13.4 Learning to Hunt -- 13.5 Terrestrial Foraging."]
[{"$nulls":4},"13.6 Future Research -- 13.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Polar Bear Reproductive and Denning Behavior -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Reproduction -- 14.2.1 The Mating System -- 14.2.2 The Reproductive Cycle -- 14.2.3 The Role of Adult Males in the Reproductive Cycle -- 14.2.4 The Role of Adult Females in the Reproductive Cycle -- 14.2.5 The Role of Polar Bear Cubs in the Reproductive Cycle. -- 14.3 Denning -- 14.3.1 Denning Ecology -- 14.3.2 Distribution of Denning Sites -- 14.3.3 Den Structure -- 14.3.4 Den Site Fidelity -- 14.3.5 Denning Chronology -- 14.3.6 Post-denning Behavior -- 14.3.7 Response to Human Activity at Maternal Den Sites -- 14.4 The Effect of Climate Change on Reproduction -- 14.5 Future Research -- References -- Chapter 15: Polar Bear Maternal Care, Neonatal Development, and Social Behavior -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Maternal Behavior and Neonatal Development -- 15.2.1 Gestation and Altriciality -- 15.2.2 Maternal Behavior -- 15.2.3 Neonatal Behavior -- 15.3 Social Behavior -- 15.4 Effects of Climate Change on Neonatal Behavior and Development -- 15.5 Conclusions and Future Research -- References -- Chapter 16: Polar Bear Behavior in Response to Climate Change -- 16.1 Changes in Feeding Behavior -- 16.2 Movements and Habitat Use -- 16.3 Denning -- 16.4 Weaning -- 16.5 Mating -- 16.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17: Human-Polar Bear Interactions -- 17.1 Human-Wildlife Interactions -- 17.1.1 Interactions and Conflict: Key Terms and Definitions -- 17.1.2 Behavioral Components of Conflict: A Bear´s Perspective -- 17.1.3 Behavioral Components of Conflict: A Human Perspective -- 17.2 Historical Drivers of Human-Polar Bear Interactions and Conflict -- 17.2.1 Subsistence Hunting and Arctic Exploration -- 17.2.2 Human Population Growth -- 17.2.3 Attractants -- 17.2.4 Recreation -- 17.2.5 Industrial Development."]
[{"$nulls":4},"17.3 Contemporary Drivers of Human-Polar Bear Interactions and Conflict -- 17.3.1 Climate Warming -- 17.3.2 Attractants Revisited -- 17.3.3 Tourism and Recreation -- 17.3.4 Oil and Gas Exploration and Production -- 17.4 Mitigating the Risk of Future Conflict: A Conceptual Model -- References -- Index."]