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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910463416103321"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Encyclopedia of world trade : from ancient times to the present / / edited by Cynthia Clark Northrup"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"London ; ; New York : , : Routledge, , 2015"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"0-7656-8238-9"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-84972-515-2"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-315-70466-8"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-317-47152-0"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-78402-826-6"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[[Enhanced Credo edition]]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (1,307 pages) : illustrations, maps"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"382/.03"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"International trade - History"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Commerce - History"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Electronic books."]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","First published 2005 by M.E. Sharpe."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and indexes."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Introduction: World Trade in History -- A-Z Entries -- A -- Abbasid Caliphate (750 / 1258) -- Advertising -- Aegean Sea -- Africa -- Agora -- Agriculture -- Aircraft -- Alexander the Great (356 / 323 B.C.E.) -- Alexandria -- Alphabet, Aramaic -- Alphabet, Cyrillic -- Alphabet, Greek -- Alphabet, Latin -- Alphabet, Phoenician -- Alsace and Lorraine -- Amazon River -- Amber -- Amber Routes -- American Federation of Labor / Congress of Industrial Organizations -- American Revolution -- Amsterdam -- Anglo-Dutch Wars -- Animals -- Appian Way -- Arabs -- Archaeology -- Argentina -- Arkwright, Richard (1732 / 1792) -- Armenians -- Art -- Association of Southeast Asian Nations -- Assyrian Empire -- Astrolabe -- Aswan High Dam -- Athens, Ancient -- Atlantic Trade -- Automobiles -- Aviation -- Aztecs -- B -- Babylonian Empire -- Balance of Trade -- Bantu Migrations -- Bardi House of Banking -- Baroque -- Barter -- Batavia (Jakarta) -- Bell, Alexander Graham (1847 / 1922) -- Berbers -- Berenice -- Bioterrorism -- Black Death -- Black Sea -- Bolshevism -- Bourgeoisie -- Boxer Rebellion -- Brazil -- Bribery -- British Commonwealth -- British East India Company -- British Empire -- British / South American Trade Relations -- Buddhism -- Bugis -- Byzantine Empire -- C -- Cacao -- Calicut -- Capitalism -- Caravans -- Caribbean -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Carnegie, Andrew (1835 / 1919) -- Carolingian Empire -- Cartels -- Cartography -- Castles -- Central Africa -- China -- Chinese Dynasties -- Chinese-Japanese Trade -- Chocolate -- Cholera -- Christianity -- Cities -- Climate -- Climate Change -- Clive, Robert (1725 / 1774) -- Coffee -- Coinage -- Cold War -- Colonization -- Columbian Exchange -- Columbus, Chrisopher (1451 / 1506) -- Combination Acts (1799, 1800) -- Comintern -- Communication -- Communism -- Comparative Advantage -- Compass -- Competition -- Computers -- Confucius (551 / 479 B.C.E.) -- Constantinople (Byzantium, Istanbul) -- Consumerism -- Containment -- Continental System -- Cook, James (1728 / 1779) --"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Copper -- Copyright -- Corn -- Corn Laws -- Corporations -- Cotton -- Cotton Gin -- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance -- Cowries -- Crete -- Crimean War (1854 / 1856) -- Crop Rotation -- Cross-Staff -- Crusades -- Crystal Palace -- Cuba -- Cuneiform -- Cyprus -- D -- Danube River -- Dardanelles -- Dark Ages -- Delian League -- Department Stores -- Diamonds -- Diasporas -- Dirhams -- Disease -- Disputes and Arbitration, International -- Donkey -- Drake, Francis (1540 / 1596) -- Drugs -- Dutch -- Dyula -- E -- East Asia -- Economic Consequences of the Peace, The (1919) -- Economics, Classical -- Edison, Thomas Alva (1847 / 1931) -- Egypt -- Egypt, Ancient -- Electricity -- Elizabeth I (1533 / 1603) -- Embargoes -- Empire Building -- Energy -- Engels, Friedrich (1820 / 1895) -- England's Treasure by Foreign Trade (1664) -- Entertainment -- Etruscans -- European / African Trade -- European / Asian Trade -- European Trade, Intracontinental -- European Union -- Exchange Rates -- Exploration and Trade -- Extraterritoriality -- F -- Fairs, International Trade -- Fertilizer -- Festivals and Fairs, Medieval -- Feudalism -- Finance and Credit -- Financial Institutions -- Flax -- Florence -- Food and Diet -- Ford Motor Company -- Foreign Aid -- Frankincense and Myrrh -- Franklin, Benjamin (1706 / 1790) -- Frederick II -- Free Trade -- Freemasonry -- French Empire -- French Revolution -- Fruits -- Fugger Family -- Fur -- G -- Gandhi, Mohandas (1869 / 1948) -- Garamantian Empire -- Gemstones -- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) -- General Electric Company -- General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, The (1936) -- Genoa -- German Empires -- Ghana -- Ghaznavids -- Glass -- Globalization -- Gold -- Gold Standard -- Goths -- Grain -- Great Depression -- Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere -- Greek City-States -- Guangzhou (Canton) -- Guano -- Gunpowder -- H -- Haiti -- Hakluyt, Richard (1552 / 1616) -- Hamburg -- Hanseatic League -- Hapsburgs -- Harbors --"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Hargreaves, James (1720 / 1777) -- Heckscher, Eli Filip (1879 / 1952) -- Hellenistic Architecture -- Hemp -- Henry the Navigator (1394 / 1460) -- Hinduism -- Hittite Empire -- Hohenstauffen Empire -- Hollywood -- Hong Kong -- Hundred Years' War -- I -- Illegal Trade -- Immigration -- Imperialism -- Incas -- Indentured Servants -- Indian Ocean Trade -- Indigo -- Indus River -- Industrial Revolution -- Industrialism -- Inflation -- Insurance -- Intellectual Property -- Internal Combustion Engine -- International Monetary Fund -- International Trade Commission -- Internet -- Iron -- Iron Law of Wages -- Irrigation -- Isabella of Castile (1451 / 1504) -- Islam -- Ivory -- Ivory Coast -- J -- Jade -- Jews -- Joint-Stock Companies -- Judaism -- Jute -- K -- Keynes, John Maynard (1883 / 1946) -- Khan, Genghis (1162 / 1229) -- Khazar Empire -- Kilwa -- Kipling, Rudyard (1865 / 1936) -- Knights Templar -- Kolkata (Calcutta) -- Kush -- L -- Labor -- Laissez-Faire -- Law -- Leather -- Linear B Script -- Linen -- List, Georg Friedrich (1789 / 1846) -- Livestock -- Luddites -- M -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Madras -- Magellan, Ferdinand (1480 / 1521) -- Mali -- Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766 / 1834) -- Manchu Dynasty -- Manila -- Manila Galleons -- Market Revolution -- Marketplaces -- Marshall Plan -- Marx, Karl (1818 / 1883) -- Mayan Civilization -- Media -- Medici Family -- Medicine -- Mediterranean Sea -- Melaka -- Mercantilism -- Merchant Guilds -- Mesopotamian Architecture -- Mesopotamian Trade -- Middle Ages -- Migration, Human -- Milan -- Mill, John Stuart (1806 / 1873) -- Ming Dynasty -- Minoan Civilization -- Missionaries -- Mogadishu -- Molasses -- Money -- Mongol Invasions -- Monuments -- Mughal Empire -- Multinational Enterprise -- Mycenae -- N -- Napoleonic Wars -- Navigation -- Navigation Laws -- Netherlands -- New Imperialism -- Nile River -- Nineveh -- Nomads -- Nontarrif Barriers -- North American Free Trade Agreement (1994) -- Novgorod -- Nuts -- O -- Oases -- Oil -- Olives -- Open Door Notes --"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Opium -- Ottomans -- P -- Panama Canal -- Paper and Pulp -- Patents -- Pegolotti, Francesco Balducci (1315 / 1340) -- Pepper -- Perfume -- Persian Gulf -- Peter the Great (1672 / 1725) -- Petra -- Phoenicia -- Pilgrimages -- Piracy -- Pochteca -- Polo, Marco (1254 / 1324) -- Pony Express -- Population -- Portugal -- Potatoes -- Pottery -- Printing Press -- Protestantism -- Punic Wars -- Q -- Quadrant -- R -- Radanites -- Rae, John (1796 / 1872) -- Ragusa, Republic of (Dubrovnik) -- Railroads -- Reciprocity -- Redistribution -- Reformation -- Religion -- Renaissance -- Revolutions -- Ricardo, David (1772 / 1823) -- Rice -- Roman Catholic Church -- Roman Empire -- Roman Empire, Fall of -- Rothschilds -- Royal Niger Company -- Rum -- Russian Revolution -- S -- Saharan and Trans-Saharan Trade -- Salt -- Sculpture -- Service Sector -- Seven Years' War -- Shanghai -- Ships -- Shipwrecks -- Sicily -- Silk -- Silk Road -- Silver -- Singer, Isaac (1811 / 1875) -- Slavery -- Slaves, Plantation -- Smith, Adam (1723 / 1790) -- Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1930) -- Socialism -- Songhai Empire -- South Africa -- South America -- Southeast Asia -- Soviet / African Trade Relations -- Soviet Union -- Soybeans -- Spanish Empire -- Spice Route -- Spices -- Srivijaya Empire -- Steam Engine -- Steamship -- Steel -- Suez Canal -- Sugar -- Surat -- T -- Tally Sticks -- Tariff Barriers -- Tariffs -- Tea -- Technology -- Telegraph -- Telephone -- Terrorism -- Teutonic Knights -- Textiles -- Timber/Sorochok -- Tin -- Tobacco -- Tortoiseshell -- Tourism -- Trade Organizations -- Trade Winds -- Trademarks -- Transactions Costs -- Transportation and Trade -- Triangle Trade -- Tunisia -- U -- United Nations -- United States -- U.S. / China Trade -- U.S. / Japanese Trade Relations -- V -- Venice -- Vikings -- Volga Bulgaria -- W -- War of 1812 -- Warfare -- Wars for Empire -- Water -- Wealth -- Weapons -- Weights and Measures -- West Africa -- Whales -- Whitney, Eli (1765 / 1825) -- Wine -- Women -- Wood --"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Wool -- World Bank -- World Trade Organization -- World War I -- World War II -- Primary Documents -- Code of Hammurabi (18th Century B.C.E.) -- Pope Urban II Initiates the First Crusade (1095) -- Papal Edicts on Usury (1139 and 1179) -- Francesco Pegolotti's Merchant Handbook, Excerpts (1340s) -- Canon Law Concerning Usury Used to Break Contracts (1369) -- Columbus's Journal, First Voyage, Excerpts (1492) -- Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) -- Instructions on Selling Indulgences (1517) -- Colonial Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh (1584) -- British East India Company Charter (1600) -- Sir Edwin Sandys's Report from the Committee on Free Trade (1604) -- English Trade in Japan, Excerpts from a Merchant's Journal (1615) -- Dutch East India Company Charter (1621) -- Sir Thomas Culpepper's Tract "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Against Usury (1621) -- Sir Thomas Roe's Speech on the Decay of Trade (1641) -- On Bills of Exchange, Tract by John Marius (1655) -- Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663, Excerpts -- Colbert on Mercantilism (1664) -- Treaty of Utrecht, Article X (1713) -- The Merchant Adventurers' Views on Free Trade (1716) -- Treaty of Paris (1763) -- Sugar Act of 1764 -- Stamp Act of 1765, Article 1 -- British Tea Act of 1773 -- The Wealth of Nations, by Adam Smith, Excerpt (1776) -- \"Essay on the Principles of Population,\" by Thomas Malthus, Excerpt (1798) -- Louisiana Purchase (1803) -- Berlin Decree (1806) -- An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, British Parliament (1807) -- Milan Decree (1807) -- Contract between the St. Louis Missouri Fur Company and Thomas James (1809) -- \"Observations on the Effects of the Corn Laws,\" by Thomas Malthus, Excerpt (1814) -- David Ricardo on the Iron Law of Wages (1817) -- Treaty of Nanjing (1842) -- An Act for the More Effectual Suppression of the Slave Trade, British Parliament (1843) -- Friedrich Engels on Protective Tariffs or Free Trade System (1847) -- Karl Marx's Speech on Free Trade, January 9, 1848 -- Communist Manifesto, by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Excerpt (1848) --"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Royal Niger Company Contract (1886) -- Convention Respecting the Free Navigation of the Suez Maritime Canal (1888) -- First Open Door Note (1899) -- Panama Canal Treaty of 1903 -- Federal Reserve Act (1913) -- Economic Consequences of the Peace, by John Maynard Keynes, Excerpt (1919) -- Statute of Westminster (1931) -- Franklin D. Roosevelt on the Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1932) -- Herbert Hoover's Response to Franklin D. Roosevelt on the Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1932) -- Neutrality Act of 1935 -- Nye Committee Report (1936) -- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) -- Constitution of the French Community (1958) -- ASEAN Declaration (1967) -- Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 -- Ronald Reagan's \"Evil Empire\" Speech (1982) -- Enterprise for the Americas Initiative, George H.W. Bush (1990) -- Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (1995) -- Ministerial Declaration, World Trade Organization, Doha Round of Negotiations (2001) -- G20 Declaration, Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy (2008) -- Copenhagen Accord, United Nations Climate Change Conference (2009) -- Chronology -- Glossary -- Master Bibliography -- Books and Articles -- Web Sites."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","This exhaustive four-volume set is the definitive reference on the history of trade in all time periods. It traces the historical and contemporary interaction of trade, commerce, and culture in fascinating detail."]