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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910456966903321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Witzel Morgen"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Management history : text and cases / / Morgen Witzel"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"London ; ; New York : , : Routledge, , 2009"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-135-24019-1"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1-282-57645-3"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786612576454"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0-203-86686-X"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (479 p.)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"658.009"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Management - History"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Management science - History"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Electronic books."]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Description based upon print version of record."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Book Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; 1 Introduction to management history; 2 Organisation; 3 Strategy; 4 Human resource management; 5 Marketing; 6 Financial management; 7 Technology, innovation and knowledge; 8 Business and society; 9 Leadership; 10 Conclusion: how history impacts on management; Select bibliography; Index"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","Management History is not simply a book about the history of business or even the history of management. The goal of this book is to demonstrate that despite the relative newness of management science as an academic subject, management has been around since ancient times. Through understanding the history of management - both in practice and theory - one is able to approach the complex and challenging problems of modern management from a new perspective.The book not only traces the development of management from history to the present day, but also examines the way th"]
[null,"2.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910462090303321"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Challenges for Arabic machine translation [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Abdelhadi Soudi ...[et. al.]"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Amsterdam ; ; Philadelphia, : John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2012"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-283-52154-7"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786613833990"]
[{"$nulls":4},"90-272-7362-6"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (165 p.)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Natural language processing ; ; v. 9"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"492.7/8020285635"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Machine translating"]
[{"$nulls":4},"English language - Translating into Arabic"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Arabic language - Translating into English"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Speech processing systems"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Electronic books."]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Description based upon print version of record."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and index."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Challenges for Arabic Machine Translation; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Table of contents; Preface; Introduction; 1. Overview; 2. Challenges of Arabic machine translation; 3. Arabic linguistic resources; 4. Example-based machine translation; 5. Statistical machine translation; 6. Knowledge-based machine translation; 7. Arabic transliteration scheme; References; Linguistic resources for Arabic machine translation; 1. Introduction; 2. LDC's distribution model; 3. Arabic speech collections; 4. Arabic text collections; 4.1 Parallel text; 4.2 NIST resources"]
[{"$nulls":4},"5. Arabic morphological analyzer6. Arabic treebank and parallel English treebank; 7. Arabic-English word alignment; 8. Additional resources; References; Using morphology to improve Example-Based Machine Translation; 1. Introduction; 2. Example-Based Machine Translation: What is it and why use it?; 3. Adding morphology to EBMT for Arabic-to-English translation; 3.1 Generalization and morphological analysis in BAMA; 3.2 Phase 1: Focus on generalization and filtering; 3.2.1 Generalization; 3.2.2 Filtering; 3.2.3 Generalization and filtering are not enough"]
[{"$nulls":4},"3.3 Phase 2: Generalization, filtering and adaptation3.3.1 Generalization; 3.3.2 Filtering and adaptation; 3.3.3 Scoring; 3.3.4 "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Results; 4. Related work; 5. Summary and conclusions; References; Using semantic equivalents for Arabic-to-English example-based translation; 1. Introduction; 2. Related work; 3. System description; 3.1 Translation corpus; 3.2 Matching; 4. Noun experiment; 4.1 The noun thesaurus; 4.2 Using noun synonyms for translation; 4.3 Experimental results; 5. Verb experiment; 5.1 The verb thesaurus; 5.2 Using synonyms in translation; 5.3 Experimental results; 6. Conclusions"]
[{"$nulls":4},"ReferencesArabic Preprocessing for Statistical Machine Translation; 1. Introduction; 2. Related Work; 3. Arabic Linguistic Issues; 3.1 Orthographic Ambiguity; 3.2 Clitics; 3.3 Adjustment Rules; 3.4 Templatic Inflections; 4. Preprocessing: Schemes and Techniques; 4.1 Preprocessing Techniques; 4.1.1 REGEX; 4.1.2 BAMA; 4.1.3 MADA; 4.2 Preprocessing Schemes; 4.3 Comparing Various Schemes; 5 Experiments; 5.1 Portage; 5.2 Experimental data; 5.3 Experimental Results; 5.4 Discussion; 5.5 Genre Variation; 5.6 Phrase Size; 6. Scheme Combination; 6.1 Oracle Experiment; 6.2 Rescoring-only Combination"]
[{"$nulls":4},"6.3 Decoding-plus-Rescoring Combination6.4 Significance Test; 7. Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; Preprocessing for English-to-Arabic statistical machine translation; 1. Introduction; 2. Morphological preprocessing for English-to-Arabic SMT; 2.1 Morphological segmentation of Arabic; 2.2 Recombination of segmented Arabic; 2.3 Experimental setup; 2.4 Experimental results; 3. Syntactic preprocessing for English-to-Arabic SMT; 3.1 Related work; 3.2 Reordering rules; 3.3 Experimental setup; 3.4 Results; 4. Summary; References; Lexical syntax for Arabic SMT; 1. Introduction"]
[{"$nulls":4},"2. Related work"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","This book is the first volume that focuses on the specific challenges of machine translation with Arabic either as source or target language. It nicely fills a gap in the literature by covering approaches that belong to the three major paradigms of machine translation: Example-based, statistical and knowledge-based. It provides broad but rigorous coverage of the methods for incorporating linguistic knowledge into empirical MT. The book brings together original and extended contributions from a group of distinguished researchers from both academia and industry. It is a welcome and much-needed r"]