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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910970543303321"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Perspectives on urban infrastructure / / Royce Hanson, editor"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1984"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9786610245864"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9781280245862"]
[{"$nulls":4},"1280245867"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780309541329"]
[{"$nulls":4},"0309541328"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9780585144290"]
[{"$nulls":4},"058514429X"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (vi, 216 pages) : illustrations, charts"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"363/.0973"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Infrastructure (Economics) - United States"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Urban policy - United States"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Papers and discussions from a Symposium on the Adequacy and Maintenance of Urban Public Facilities, held by the National Research Council, at Airlie House, Warrenton, Va., Feb. 25-26, 1983."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographies."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Perspectives on Urban Infrastructure -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 The Evolution of the Urban Infrastructure in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries -- INTRODUCTION -- URBAN NETWORKS AND WALKING CITIES: A PERIOD OF FOUNDATIONS, 1790-1855 -- The Development of Urban Infrastructure -- Financing Infrastructure in the Walking City -- Engineers and Urban Technology -- Conclusion -- CONSTRUCTING THE CORE INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CENTRAL CITIES, 1855-1910 -- Introduction -- Municipal Provision of Infrastructure -- Institutional and Political Changes in Infrastructure Supply and Distribution -- Financing Infrastructure -- Engineering and Science Development -- THE DOMINATION OF THE AUTOMOBILE AND THE ENLARGEMENT OF THE FEDERAL ROLE, 1910-1956 -- The Automobile Revolution, 1910-1930 -- The New Deal -- Professional Developments -- The Postwar Period -- THE RISE OF THE OUTER CITY AND RECENT TRENDS INFLUENCING URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, 1956-1982 -- Changing Fiscal Trends -- The Environmental Movement -- Mass Transit -- Alternative Systems -- CONCLUSION -- AFTERWORD -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Bibliography -- DISCUSSION -- Randy "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Hamilton -- Wilfred Owen -- Abel Wolman -- SUMMARY -- 2 Assessing Infrastructure Needs: The State of the Art -- INTRODUCTION -- The Infrastructure Problem -- National Needs -- The Challenge Ahead -- DEFINING NEEDS -- Needs Versus Desirable Improvements -- The Needs Assessment Process -- The Role of Standards -- Summary -- THE CONDITION ASSESSMENT PROCESS -- Defining Conditions -- Condition Assessment Measures -- The National Bridge Inspection Program -- The New York City Water Distribution System -- THE INVESTMENT DECISION-MAKING PROCESS -- Estimating Investment Requirements -- A Framework for Investment Decisions -- The EPA Needs Survey -- The Wisconsin Department of Transportation's Approach to Investment Programming."]
[{"$nulls":4},"SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- Needs Assessment Issues -- The Limited Use of Traditional Needs Surveys -- The Importance of Technically Sound Condition Information to Effective Infrastructure Management -- The Importance of the Investment Decision-Making Process -- Research Agenda -- Bibliography -- DISCUSSION -- Harry Hatry -- Kurt W. Bauer -- SUMMARY -- Preparation of Inventories and Needs Analyses -- National Versus Local-Level Data -- Interim Assessments -- Data Available for Needs Assessments -- The Quality of Engineering Knowledge -- 3 Financing the Nation's Infrastructure Requirements -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CURRENT INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING SYSTEM: HAS IT FAILED? -- CAPITAL FINANCING INSTITUTIONS: ARE THEY AT FAULT? -- Federal Aid -- Long-Term Borrowing -- Insulating Infrastructure From General Budget Competition -- FINANCING PRINCIPLES: THE USER-COST PRINCIPLE -- FINANCING PRINCIPLES: AN INFRASTRUCTURE BANK -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Franklin D. Raines -- Forest Witsman -- SUMMARY -- Distinctions Between New Capital Programs and Maintenance -- The Advantages of an Infrastructure Bank -- The Opportunities for and Limitations of User Fees -- The Role of Interest Rates in the Financing of Facilities -- The Opportunity for Use of a Form of Commodity Bond -- 4 Politics and Urban Public Facilities -- FACILITIES AND POLITICAL POWER: A GLANCE AT MUNICIPAL HISTORY -- Boss Tweed's Pavement Politics -- Cleveland: A Bridge to Electoral Victory -- Public Works as Political Strategy -- TODAY'S INFRASTRUCTURE CRISIS AND THE POLITICS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT -- The Deferral of Capital Improvements -- Financing Public Works: The Political Environment Since 1960 -- Public Facilities and the Politics of Urban Growth -- STANDARDS, NEEDS, AND PUBLIC ACTION -- Engineering Standards -- Political Standards -- Needs -- Filling Potholes and Budget Gaps."]
[{"$nulls":4},"GOODIES -- CONCLUSION: DOES MANAGEMENT FAIL INFRASTRUCTURE? OR THE VALUE OF PORK -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- Philip Dearborne -- Scott Johnson -- Henry Gardiner -- SUMMARY -- Does the Political System Doom Us to a Substandard Level of Service? -- The Role of the Public Works Professional and Manager -- The Need to Understand the Trade-Offs -- The Engineering Brain Drain and Local Public Works Decisions -- 5 The Future of Urban Public Works: New Ways of Doing Business -- INTRODUCTION -- INFRASTRUCTURE AS AN IMPORTANT NATIONAL ISSUE -- Visible Signs of Decay -- Deteriorating State and Local Finances -- A National or Local Issue -- SOME FUTURE TRENDS IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY -- Future Development and Public Works -- New Technology of Infrastructure -- An Infrastructure for Infrastructure Innovation -- THE SEARCH FOR CREATIVE ALTERNATIVES -- Benefit-Based Approaches Versus Ability to Pay -- The Impact of Fiscal Constraints: A New Role for Local Government -- Alternatives in the Bay Area -- Innovation in Urban "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Transportation -- Sale-Leaseback -- State and National Alternatives -- State Bond Banks -- Federal Public Works Bank -- THE POLITICS OF URBAN PUBLIC WORKS: A NEW ECOLOGY OF GAMES -- Public Works as a Job Strategy -- The Business Role in Emerging Political Coalitions -- Structural Changes in Planning and Financing -- Joint Public-Private Investment -- CONCLUSIONS -- Research Implications -- Technology -- Economics -- Politics -- Long-Range Assessment -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- John M. Armstrong -- Larry J. Feeser -- SUMMARY -- The Need for Research and Development -- The Importance of Innovation Transfer -- The ''Brain Drain'' of Engineers Away from Public Works -- The Impact of the Computer on Cities and Their Needs for Infrastructure -- Appendix A Program -- Appendix B Participants."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","In this provocative volume, distinguished authorities on urban policy expose the myths surrounding today's \"infrastructure crisis\" in urban public works. Five in-depth papers examine the evolution of the public works system, the limitations of urban needs studies, the financing of public works projects, the impact of politics, and how technology is affecting the types of infrastructures needed for tomorrow's cities."]
[null,"2.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910165121803321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Napier K.C.B. General William Francis Patrick"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"History Of The War In The Peninsular And In The South Of France, From The Year 1807 To The Year 1814 - Vol. VI"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"San Francisco : , : Wagram Press, , 2011"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2011"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"9781908902238"]
[{"$nulls":4},"190890223X"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (433 pages)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"History Of The War In The Peninsular And In The South Of France, From The Year 1807 To The Year 1814 ; ; v.6"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Peninsular War, 1807-1814"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Napoleonic Wars, 1800-1815"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- BOOK THE TWENTY-THIRD. -- CHAPTER III-December 1813 to January 1814 -- Respective situations and views of Lord Wellington and Soult-partisan warfare-The Basques of the Val de Baygorry excited to arms by the excesses of Mina's troops-General Harispe takes the command of the insurgents-Clausel advances beyond the Bidouze riverShipwrecks on the coast -- CHAPTER IV.-1814 -- Political state of Portugal-Political state of Spain-Lord Wellington advises the English government to prepare for a war with Spain and to seize St. Sebastian as a security for the withdrawal of the British and Portuguese troops-The seat of government andLord Wellington's views on the subject -- CHAPTER V.-1813 -- Political state of Napoleon-Guileful policy of the allied sovereigns-M. de St. Aignan-General reflections-Unsettled policy of the English ministers-They neglect Lord Wellington-He remonstrates and exposes the denuded state of his army -- CHAPTER VI.-September 1813 to 1814 -- Continuation of the war in the eastern provinces-Suchet's erroneous statements-Sir William Clinton repairs Taragona-Advances to Villa Franca-Suchet endeavours to surprise him-Fails-The French cavalry cut off an English detachment at Ordal - The duke of SaSiege of Santona -- CONTINUATION OF THE WAR IN THE EASTERN PARTS OF SPAIN. -- BOOK THE TWENTY-FOURTH. -- CHAPTER I.-January 1814 to February 1814 -- Napoleon recalls several divisions of infantry and cavalry from Soult's army-Embarrassments of that Marshal-Mr. Bathedat a banker of "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Bayonne offers to aid the allies secretly with money and provisions-La Roche Jacquelin and other Bourbon partisans arrive Soult takes the line of the Gave de Oleron and resolves to change his system of operations -- PASSAGE OF THE GAVES. -- CHAPTER II.-February 1814 to March 1813."]
[{"$nulls":4},"Lord Wellington arrests his movements and returns in person to St. Jean de Luz to throw his bridge over the Adour-Is prevented by bad weather and returns to the Gave of Mauleon-Passage of the Adour by Sir John Hope-Difficulty of the operation-The flotillaObservations -- PASSAGE OF THE ADOUR. [Plan 10, Vol. V.] -- BATTLE OF ORTHES. -- COMBAT OF AIRE. -- OBSERVATIONS. -- CHAPTER III-March 1814 to April 1814 -- Soult's perilous situation-He falls back to Tarbes-Napoleon sends him a plan of operations-His reply and views stated-Lord Wellington's embarrassments-Soult's proclamation-Observations upon it-Lord Wellington calls up Freyre's Gallicians and detaches BereThe British seamen and marines land and destroy all the French batteries from Blaye to the mouth of the Garonne -- CHAPTER IV.-March 1814 -- Wellington's and Soult's situations and forces described-Folly of the English ministers-Freyre's Gallicians and Ponsonby's heavy cavalry join Lord Wellington-He orders Giron's Andalusians and Del Parque's army to enter France-Soult suddenly takes the offeReflections -- CHAPTER V.-March 1814 to April 1814 -- Views of the commanders on each side-Wellington designs to throw a bridge over the Garonne at Portet above Toulouse, but below the confluence of the Arriege and Garonne-The river is found too wide for the pontoons-He changes his design-Cavalry action at SBattle of Toulouse -- BATTLE OF TOULOUSE. [Plan 2] -- SALLY FROM BAYONNE. -- CHAPTER VI.-1814 -- General observations and reflections -- GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. -- NOTE. -- APPENDIX. -- No. I.-Official States of the allied army in Catalonia -- No. II.-Official States of the Anglo-Portuguese at different epochs -- No. III.-Official States of the French armies at different epochs -- No. IV.-Extract from Lord Wellington's order of movements for the battle of Toulouse."]
[{"$nulls":4},"No. V.-Note and morning state of the Anglo-Portuguese on the 10th of April, 1814 -- CONTROVERSIAL PIECES. -- Historical Note -- Justificatory Notes -- ALISON. -- SIR WALTER SCOTT. -- COLONEL GURWOOD. -- VILLA MURIEL. -- A Reply to Lord Strangford's Observations, &amp -- . -- APPENDIX. -- (A) -- (B) -- A Reply to Various Opponents, with Observations illustrating Sir J. Moore's campaigns -- Sequel of Napier's Reply to Various Opponents, containing some new and curious facts relating to the battle of Albuera -- A Letter to general Lord viscount Beresford, being an answer to his Lordship's assumed Refutation of colonel Napier's Justification of his Third Volume -- Answer to the Quarterly Review -- Reply to the Third Article in the Quarterly Review -- Remarks on Robinson's Life of Picton -- Counter-remarks to Mr. Dudley Montagu Perceval's Remarks."]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","A masterful, epic account of the Spanish Ulcer that drained Napoleon's resources and played a pivotal role in the end of his domination of Europe.The author served with distinction in the actions of the Light Division, such as the epic march to Talavera, the battles of Fuentes d'Oñoro, Salamanca, Nivelle, Orthes and Toulouse. He left the service a General and Knight Commander of the Order of Bath. Napier's History would rank as the most important history to be written by an actual participant, and was as controversial with his countrymen as amoung his contemporaries on the Continent.In Napier's concluding volume [End of 1813 - April 1814], he chronicles the last says of the first reign of Napoleon as Wellington forcefully shifts Marshal Soult from each position and passes each defensive line with great skill. Despite the "]
[{"$nulls":4},"successful battle of Orthez (or Orthes), Wellington is beset with problems, he has to dispense of the services of his Spanish allies, whose looting has become a liability, along with the millstone of their internal power struggle between Ferdinand, recently released by Napoleon to sow discord, and the ruling classes. Stripped of a large part of his manpower, he pushes onward, Wellington fights the controversial battle of Toulouse and in spite of mistimed attacks, and one of his best generals dis-obeying orders he pushes Soult further back into France. The timing of news of the abdication of Napoleon from Paris is the subject to much debate and is weighed by Napier in favour of Soult, and with the final action of the war, the sally from Bayonne the hostilities come to and end until the Hundred Days.Also included in this volume but missing from the earlier editions are his defences, ripostes and counters to the carping and criticism of his initial publications, much of it emanating from Marshal Beresford stung by Napier's harsh judgement of the battle of Albuera"]