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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910898095603321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Tomar Ravi"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Solid Base Catalysts : Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2025"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2025"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"3-527-84669-7"]
[{"$nulls":4},"3-527-84670-0"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (377 pages)"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Solid Base Catalyst -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 History and Main Facts on Solid Base Catalysts -- 1.3 Literary Perspective of Solid Base Catalyst -- 1.4 Solid Basic Sites -- 1.5 Types of Solid Base Catalysts -- 1.5.1 Metal Oxides -- 1.5.1.1 Alkaline Earth Oxides -- 1.5.1.2 Zirconium Oxides -- 1.5.1.3 Rare Earth Oxides -- 1.5.1.4 Titanium Oxides -- 1.5.1.5 Zinc Oxide -- 1.5.1.6 Alumina -- 1.5.1.7 Mixed Oxides -- 1.5.1.8 Alkali Metal‐Loaded Metal Oxides -- 1.5.2 Zeolites -- 1.5.3 Mesoporous Materials -- 1.5.4 Clay Minerals (Hydrotalcite) -- 1.5.5 Oxynitride -- 1.5.6 Calcined Metal Phosphates -- 1.6 Why Solid Base Catalysts Have Fascinated the Scientific Community? -- 1.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Solid Base Catalysts Over Inorganic/Organic Bases -- 1.8 Role of Solid Base Catalysts in Green Chemistry -- 1.9 Future Prospects for Solid Base Catalysts -- 1.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Synthesis of Solid Base Catalysts -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 K2O/Al2O3-CaO -- 2.2.1 Preparation of K2O/Al2O3-CaO -- 2.2.1.1 Preparation of Al2O3-CaO Mixed Oxides Basic Support -- 2.2.1.2 Potassium Nitrate Loading with Calcined Mixed Oxides Basic Support -- 2.2.2 Catalytic Activity of K2O/Al2O3-CaO in the Knoevenagel Condensation Process for the Preparation of Benzylidene Barbituric and Benzylidenemalononitrile Derivatives -- 2.2.3 Catalytic Activity of K2O/Al2O3-CaO for the Preparation of Pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidinone Derivatives -- 2.3 Solid Base Fly Ash -- 2.3.1 Synthesis -- 2.3.2 Catalytic Activity of SBFA -- 2.3.3 Condensation Between Benzaldehyde and Cyclohexanone -- 2.3.4 "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalyst Regeneration -- 2.4 Calcined Water Sludge -- 2.4.1 Catalyst Preparation -- 2.5 Oxides of Rare Earth -- 2.5.1 Preparation -- 2.6 Titanium Dioxide -- 2.6.1 Preparation -- 2.7 Zinc Oxide."]
[{"$nulls":4},"2.7.1 Preparation -- 2.8 Alkaline Earth Oxides -- 2.8.1 Preparation -- 2.8.1.1 Conventional Method for MgO Catalyst -- 2.8.1.2 Effects of Starting Magnesium Salt -- 2.8.1.3 Preparation of MgO by Sol-Gel Method -- 2.8.1.4 Preparation of Mesoporous MgO -- 2.8.1.5 Catalytic Activity for Claisen-Schmidt Reaction -- 2.9 Hydrotalcite -- 2.9.1 Synthesis of Hydrotalcite -- 2.9.1.1 Coprecipitation Method -- 2.9.1.2 Sol-Gel Method -- 2.9.1.3 Michael Addition -- 2.10 Comparison of Different Solid Base Catalysts -- 2.11 Conclusion -- Conflicts of Interest -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 3 Advanced Characterization Techniques for Solid Base Catalysts: An Overview -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Traditional Characterization Techniques for Solid Base Catalyst -- 3.2.1 Titration Method -- 3.2.2 IR Analysis -- 3.2.3 Scanning Electron Microscopes -- 3.3 Advanced Characterization Techniques for Solid Base Catalyst -- 3.3.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR) -- 3.3.2 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FE‐SEM) -- 3.3.3 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) -- 3.3.4 X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis -- 3.3.5 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) -- 3.3.6 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller BET Surface Area Pore Diameter Analysis [Gas Interaction and Surface Area Measurement: (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) N2 Adsorption-Desorption Isotherms)] -- 3.3.7 X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) -- 3.3.8 X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) -- 3.4 Protocol for Characterization of Catalyst -- 3.4.1 Sample Preparation -- 3.4.1.1 XRD -- 3.4.1.2 FT‐IR -- 3.4.1.3 FE‐SEM -- 3.4.1.4 TEM -- 3.4.1.5 BET -- 3.4.1.6 TGA -- 3.5 Characterization of Some Basic Sites of Solid Base Catalyst with Suitable Example -- 3.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 4 Advanced Solid Catalysis for Biomass Conversion into High Value‐Added Chemicals."]
[{"$nulls":4},"4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Advanced Solid Catalysis -- 4.2.1 Types of Solid Catalysts -- 4.2.2 Methods for the Synthesis of Solid Catalysts -- 4.3 Biomass, Its Composition, and Properties -- 4.4 Biomass Conversion into High Value‐Added Chemicals -- 4.5 Utilization of Solid Catalysts for Biomass Conversion into High Value‐Added Chemicals -- 4.6 Electrocatalytic Conversion of Biomass into High Value‐Added Chemicals -- 4.7 Challenges in Design of Solid Catalysts for Biomass Conversion into High Value‐Added Chemicals -- 4.8 Advantages of High Value‐Added Chemicals -- 4.9 Summary and Future Prospectus -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Applications of Solid Basic Catalysts for Organic Synthesis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Solid‐Based Catalyst for Organic Synthesis -- 5.2.1 Metal Oxides -- 5.2.2 Zeolites -- 5.2.3 Clays -- 5.2.4 Solid‐Supported Basic Catalysts -- 5.3 Conclusion -- Consent for Publication -- Conflict of Interest -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 6 Multicomponent Reactions for Eco‐compatible Heterocyclic Synthesis Over Solid Base Catalysts -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) -- 6.2.1 The Biginelli Multicomponent Reaction -- 6.2.2 The Hantzsch Multicomponent Reaction -- 6.2.3 The Mannich Multicomponent Reaction -- 6.2.4 The Passerini Multicomponent Reaction -- 6.2.5 The Ugi Multicomponent Reaction -- 6.2.6 The Gewald Multicomponent Reaction -- 6.3 Solid Base Catalysts for Organic Reactions -- 6.4 Characterization Techniques for Solid Base Catalysts -- 6.5 Heterocycle Synthesis Using Solid Base‐Catalyzed MCRs -- 6.6 Conclusion and Future Trends -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 7 Industrial Applications of Solid Base Catalysis -- 7.1 Introduction to Solid Base Catalysis -- 7.1.1 Definition and Characteristics of Solid Base "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Catalysts -- 7.1.2 Importance in Industrial Catalysis."]
[{"$nulls":4},"7.1.3 Comparison with Solid Acid Catalysts -- 7.2 Biodiesel Production -- 7.2.1 Transesterification Reactions -- 7.2.2 Catalysts and Mechanisms -- 7.2.3 Industrial‐scale Biodiesel Production -- 7.3 Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Reactions -- 7.3.1 Role of Solid Base Catalysts -- 7.3.2 Case Studies: Hydrogenation of Oils and Dehydrogenation of Hydrocarbons -- 7.3.3 Catalytic Mechanisms -- 7.4 Bimolecular Reactions -- 7.4.1 Dialkyl Carbonate Synthesis -- 7.4.2 Catalyst Selection and Reaction Pathways -- 7.4.3 Applications and Industrial Scale‐Up -- 7.5 Methanol and DME Synthesis -- 7.5.1 Importance of Methanol and DME -- 7.5.2 Catalysts and Reaction Conditions -- 7.5.3 Technological Advancements -- 7.6 Transesterification of Esters -- 7.6.1 Role in Chemical and Petrochemical Industries -- 7.6.1.1 Producing Biodiesel -- 7.6.1.2 Specialized Chemical Production -- 7.6.1.3 Procedures for Polymerization -- 7.6.1.4 Engineering Reactions and Catalysis -- 7.6.1.5 Resource Efficiency and Waste Reduction -- 7.6.2 Catalysts for Transesterification -- 7.7 Alkylation and Isomerization Reactions -- 7.7.1 Solid Base Catalysis in Petrochemical Processes -- 7.7.2 Environmental and Economic Implications -- 7.7.2.1 Economic Implications -- 7.8 Environmental Applications -- 7.8.1 Sulfur Removal from Flue Gas -- 7.8.2 NOx Reduction in Catalytic Converters -- 7.8.3 Waste Remediation and Pollution Control -- 7.9 Dehydration Reactions -- 7.9.1 Dehydration of Alcohols to Olefins -- 7.9.2 Dehydration of Alkanes -- 7.9.3 Industrial Significance and Process Optimization -- 7.10 Sulfur Removal in Fuel Refining -- 7.10.1 Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) Catalysts -- 7.10.2 Sulfur Removal Mechanisms -- 7.10.3 Impact on Clean Fuel Production -- 7.11 Processing Methods -- 7.11.1 Impregnation Method -- 7.11.2 Precipitation and Coprecipitation Method -- 7.11.3 Sol-Gel Method."]
[{"$nulls":4},"7.11.4 Hydrothermal Process -- 7.11.5 Vapor Phase Deposition Method -- 7.12 Use of Solid Base Catalyst in Various Industries -- 7.12.1 Biodiesel Production (Refer to Section 2) -- 7.12.2 Petrochemical Industries (Refer to Section 6.1) -- 7.12.3 Environmental Applications (Refer to Section 8) -- 7.12.4 Catalytic Cracking in Refining -- 7.12.5 Biomass Conversion -- 7.12.6 Water Treatment -- 7.12.7 Catalytic Decomposition of Ammonia -- 7.12.8 Aldol Condensation and Knoevenagel Reactions -- 7.12.9 Hydrogenation Reactions (Refer to Section 3) -- 7.13 Socioeconomic Impact of Using Solid Base Catalyst -- 7.14 Challenges and Future Prospects -- 7.14.1 Current Challenges in Solid Base Catalysis -- 7.14.2 Emerging Technologies and Materials -- 7.14.3 Prospects for Sustainable Industrial Catalysis -- 7.15 Conclusion -- 7.15.1 Summary of Key Points -- 7.15.2 Outlook for Continued Research and Development -- References -- Chapter 8 Silica‐Supported Heterogenous Catalysts: Application in the Synthesis of Tetrazoles -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 General Synthetic Protocol for Tetrazoles -- 8.2 Silica‐Supported Heterogenous Catalysts for Tetrazole Synthesis -- 8.2.1 Generalized Reaction Mechanism of Silica‐Supported Heterogenous‐Catalyzed Tetrazole Synthesis -- 8.2.1.1 Via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition -- 8.2.1.2 Via One‐Pot Multicomponent Reaction of Amine, Triethyl Orthoformate, and Azide -- 8.3 Future Perspective of Silica‐Supported Catalysts in Tetrazole Synthesis -- 8.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 9 Theoretical Insights on Reduction of CO2 Using Functionalized Ionic Liquid at Gold Surface -- 9.1 Introduction to Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO2RR Applications -- 9.2 Computational Methodology -- 9.3 Characterization of Functionalized Ionic Liquids Interacting with CO2 -- 9.3.1 Studies of CO2 Interacting with ILs in Gas Phase."]
[{"$nulls":4},"9.3.2 Geometries and Energetics of CO2 Interacting with Solid-Liquid Interface."]
[null,"2.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910965960103321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Bublitz Wolfram"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Supportive fellow-speakers and cooperative conversations : discourse topics and topical actions, participant roles and 'recipient action' in a particular type of everyday conversation / / by Wolfram Bublitz"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Amsterdam ; ; Philadelphia, : J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 1988"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"1-283-42409-6"]
[{"$nulls":4},"9786613424099"]
[{"$nulls":4},"90-272-7440-1"]
[null,null,"Edizione",null,"[1st ed.]"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (320 pages)"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"401.41"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Conversation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Discourse analysis"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,null,"Note generali","Description based upon print version of record."]
[null,null,null,"Nota di bibliografia","Includes bibliographical references and indexes."]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"SUPPORTIVE FELLOW-SPEAKERS AND COOPERATIVE CONVERSATIONS; Title page; Copyright page; Table of contents; Acknowledgements; NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS; Introduction; 1.1. Starting point and preliminary review; 1.2. Guide to corpus, procedure and terminology; 1.2.1. Corpus; 1.2.2. Procedure; Handling the discourse topic; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Describing the discourse topic; 2.2.1. Asking about the discourse topic: What are you talking about?; 2.2.2. Answering: We have been talking about...; 2.2.3. Topic subjects and connected speech acts; 2.2.4. Conclusion; 2.3. Coherence in everyday conversation"]
[{"$nulls":4},"2.3.1. Introduction 2.3.2. Coherence; 2.3.3. Topical coherence; 2.4. Topical actions; 2.4.1. On the complexity of topical actions; 2.4.2. INTRODUCING A TOPIC; 2.4.2.1. When to introduce a new topic; 2.4.2.2. Topic introduction in the initial phase of an interview; 2.4.2.3. Speech subjects and preliminary actions in the initial phase of everyday conversation; 2.4.2.4. Topic introduction as a non-complex procedure; 2.4.2.5. Topic introduction as a complex procedure; 2.4.2.6. Linguistic means of topic introduction; 2.4.2.7. Conclusion; 2.4.3. CHANGING A TOPIC"]
[{"$nulls":4},"2.4.3.1. Topic change as a complex topical action 2.4.3.2. CHANGING A TOPIC VS SHIFTING A TOPIC; 2.4.3.3. Types of topic change; 2.4.4. The normal case: CHANGING A TOPIC by mutual consent; 2.4.4.1. Introduction; 2.4.4.2. How - and when - to change a topic; 2.4.4.2.1. "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Preparing and effecting the topic change; 2.4.4.2.2. Topic change and speaker change; 2.4.4.2.3. Three options for CHANGING A TOPIC; 2.4.4.2.4. Topic change following speaker change; 2.4.4.2.5. Some reasons for (not) CHANGING A TOPIC; 2.4.4.2.6. Conclusion; 2.4.4.3. Controlling the conversation by CHANGING A TOPIC"]
[{"$nulls":4},"2.4.4.3.1. CHANGING A TOPIC as a multiple action 2.4.4.3.2. Topic continuity; 2.4.4.3.3. Limitations on topic selection; 2.4.5. The special case: DIGRESSING FROM A TOPIC; 2.4.5.1. A preliminary look at the fundamental features of digression; 2.4.5.2. Analysis I: 'Looped' topic structure; 2.4.5.3. Analysis II : 'Bracketed' topic structure; 2.4.5.4. Types of digression and their restrictions; 2.4.5.4.1. Three restrictions for digression; 2.4.5.4.2. Comprehension-securing digression; 2.4.5.4.3. Spontaneous digression; 2.4.5.4.4. When to digress; 2.4.5.5. Linguistic means of digression"]
[{"$nulls":4},"2.4.5.5.1. Marking the beginning of a digression: by the way and incidentally 2.4.5.5.2. Marking the end of a digression: anyway; 2.4.5.6. Controlling the conversation by DIGRESSING FROM A TOPIC; 2.4.6. SHIFTING A TOPIC; 2.4.6.1. Fundamental features of topic shift; 2.4.6.2. Controlling the conversation by SHIFTING A TOPIC; 2.4.7. CLOSING A TOPIC; 2.4.7.1. Ways of CLOSING A TOPIC; 2.4.7.2. BREAKING OFF A TOPIC; 2.5. The role of topics and topical actions in controlling everyday conversation; Recipient action: the role of the hearer and the secondary speaker; 3.1. Introduction"]
[{"$nulls":4},"3.2. Describing the participant roles"]
[null,null,null,"Sommario/riassunto","This is a study of a specific type of everyday conversation whose essential hallmark is its participants' attempt to gain agreement and consent when establishing and maintaining a continuous and coherent flow of talk. Basing his analyses on the Survey'-corpus and resorting to an interpretative, reconstructive mode of description, Bublitz focuses on two main phenomena: (a) discourse topic and topical actions (like INTRODUCING and CHANGING A TOPIC or DIGRESSING from it), (b) hearer signals and reactive speaker contributions. The interlocutors' topic-centered and topic-organizing behaviour is sh"]
[null,"3.","Record Nr.",null,"UNICAMPANIAVAN00287724"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Christensen, Ronald"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Log-Linear Models / Ronald Christensen"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"New York, : Springer, 1990"]
[null,null,"Titolo uniforme",null,"Log-linear models"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"xi, 408 p. ; 24 cm"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"62-XX - Statistics [MSC 2020]"]
[{"$nulls":4},"62H17 - Contingency tables [MSC 2020]"]
[{"$nulls":4},"62J05 - Linear regression; mixed models [MSC 2020]"]
[{"$nulls":4},"62J12 - Generalized linear models (logistic models) [MSC 2020]"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]