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[null,"1.","Record Nr.",null,"UNICAMPANIASUN0089039"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Manoscritti, editoria e biblioteche dal Medioevo all'età  contemporanea : studi offerti a Domenico Maffei per il suo ottantesimo compleanno / a cura di Mario Ascheri, Gaetano Colli ; con la collaborazione di Paola Maffei ; indici analitici di Andrea Bartocci"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Roma : Roma nel Rinascimento, 2006"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"88-85913-46-6"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"3 v. ; 24 cm."]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Italiano"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,"2.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA990005839940403321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Murdoch, John"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"An essay on the revolutions of literature. Translated from the italian of sig. Carlo Denina ... in the University of Turin by John Murdoch"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"London, : printed for T. Cadell, in the Strand ; J. Robion in New-Bond-Street ; G. Wood-fall at Charing-Cross ; and T. Evans in Pater-Noster-Row, 1771"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"[4], viii, 299, [1] p. ; 4°"]
[null,null,"Locazione",null,"FLFBC"]
[null,null,"Collocazione",null,"SG 800/B 55"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,"3.","Record Nr.",null,"UNINA9910490023403321"]
[null,null,"Autore",null,"Neumann Michael"]
[null,null,"Titolo",null,"Motives and functions of patenting in public basic science / / Michael Neumann"]
[null,null,"Pubbl/distr/stampa",null,"Wiesbaden, Germany : , : Springer Gabler, , [2021]"]
[{"$nulls":4},"©2021"]
[null,null,"ISBN",null,"3-658-33122-4"]
[null,null,"Descrizione fisica",null,"1 online resource (281 pages)"]
[null,null,"Collana",null,"Springer Gabler Research"]
[null,null,"Disciplina",null,"346.430486"]
[null,null,"Soggetti",null,"Patent laws and legislation - Germany"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Science"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Patent laws and legislation"]
[null,null,"Lingua di pubblicazione",null,"Inglese"]
[null,null,"Formato",null,"Materiale a stampa"]
[null,null,null,"Livello bibliografico","Monografia"]
[null,null,"Nota di contenuto",null,"Intro -- Abstract -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acronyms -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Patents in Regulatory Complexity -- 1.2 Defining Public Basic Science -- 1.2.1 The linear model: An old but surviving approach -- 1.2.2 The quadrant model -- 1.2.3 The social system model -- 1.2.4 Social norms in science -- 1.3 Shifts in Research Policy - The Rise of the Third Mission -- 1.4 A Primer on Patents in Science -- 1.4.1 Patents as regulatory instruments -- 1.4.2 Patentable basic science? -- 1.4.3 Academic patents as service inventions -- 1.4.4 Disclosure -- 1.4.5 Exclusive rights and their exemptions -- 1.4.6 Summary -- 1.5 The Resulting Friction: Private Ownership, Third Mission, and Basic Science -- 1.5.1 Theoretical concerns -- 1.5.2 Evidence -- 1.6 Research Question: What Are the Real Consequences of Theoretical Friction in Institutional Complexity? -- 1.7 Methodological Considerations -- 1.7.1 Context and data -- 1.7.2 Analysis of individual attitudes and strategies toward patenting -- 1.8 Thesis Structure -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Research Design -- 2.1.1 Why a Case Study? -- 2.1.2 What is the \"case?\" -- 2.1.3 Choice of case study type -- 2.2 Research Questions -- 2.3 Prior Information and Theoretical Propositions: -- 2.4 Units of Analysis -- 2.4.1 Scientists in Germany -- 2.4.2 Non-university research -- 2.4.3 Public basic science -- 2.4.4 Technologically relevant disciplines -- 2.5 Data Collection and Processing -- 2.5.1 Interview design -- 2.5.2 Interview selection -- "]
[{"$nulls":4},"2.5.3 Interview process -- 2.5.4 Transcription -- 2.5.5 Translation -- 2.6 Interview Analysis -- 2.6.1 Coding -- 2.6.2 Interpretation -- 2.6.2.1 Pattern matching -- 2.6.2.2 Explanation-building -- 2.6.2.3 The role of the Knowledge Commons Framework -- 2.7 Quality Criteria."]
[{"$nulls":4},"3 Theory: Community Governance and Patenting in Science -- 3.1 Commons Governance as a Research Perspective -- 3.1.1 Default neutrality towards markets, authority, and community management -- 3.1.1.1 Three forms of neutrality -- 3.1.1.2 Theoretical fundaments of descriptive neutrality -- 3.1.2 Understanding institutional diversity and complexity -- 3.2 Analytical Tools of the Commons Perspective -- 3.2.1 The IAD framework -- 3.2.1.1 Resource characteristics -- 3.2.1.2 Attributes of the community -- 3.2.1.3 Rules-in-use -- 3.2.1.4 Action arena -- 3.2.1.5 Action-outcome linkages -- 3.2.1.6 Patterns of interaction -- 3.2.1.7 Evaluative criteria: -- 3.2.2 Multiple sources of rule-making -- 3.2.3 Multiple levels of rule-making -- 3.2.4 A grammar of institutions - What kind of rules are established? -- 3.2.5 Applying the tools: Dissecting rules-in-use of the patent system -- 3.2.5.1 Rules -- 3.2.5.2 Norms -- 3.2.5.3 Strategies -- 3.2.5.4 Resulting explanatory advantages -- 3.2.6 Summary -- 3.3 Commons Governance as a Research Object -- 3.3.1 Commons - A disambiguation -- 3.3.2 Common-property regimes: Legal variables of community governance -- 3.3.2.1 Property rules as bundle-of-rights -- 3.3.2.2 Manageable rules-in-use in community governance -- 3.3.3 Common-pool resources - Economic variables in community governance -- 3.4 Cultural Variables in Community Governance -- 3.4.1 \"Culture\" as a category of informal institutions -- 3.4.2 Interplay of informal and formal institutions -- 3.4.2.1 Substituting formal institutions -- 3.4.2.2 Invalidating formal institutions -- 3.4.2.3 Counteracting formal institutions -- 3.4.3 Summary -- 3.5 Community Governance as Self-Regulation -- 3.5.1 Main elements of commons governance -- 3.5.2 Openness as an important property of commons governance -- 3.5.3 Summary -- 3.6 Peculiarities of Knowledge Commons."]
[{"$nulls":4},"3.6.1 The interdependency of economic variables and rules-in-use -- 3.6.2 The need for knowledge to be created -- 3.6.3 Specific types of governance failures -- 3.6.4 Summary: Complexity in the governance of knowledge commons -- 3.7 Understanding Science as a Commons -- 3.7.1 What makes commons \"scientific\"? -- 3.7.2 What makes science a commons? -- 3.7.2.1 Science as a community-based activity -- 3.7.2.2 Science as a self-governed resource production system -- 3.7.2.3 Mertonian norms as informal institutions in open self-governance -- 3.7.2.4 The \"open-science\" paradigm as a reminder for the rationality and efficiency of communalism for science -- 3.7.3 Nestedness of scientific commons -- 3.7.4 Commons governance in science -- 3.7.4.1 Community governance in research organizations -- 3.7.4.2 Governance of scientific resource systems -- 3.7.5 Summary: Science as a commons vs. scientific commons -- 3.8 Two Explanations for Overvaluations of Anticommons in Science -- 3.8.1 Instrumentalism I: Patent instrumentalism on research instruments -- 3.8.2 Instrumentalism II: Exogenous patents versus endogenous self-governance -- 3.8.3 Anticommons effects in institutional complexity -- 3.9 Chapter Summary -- 4 Policy Analysis: Patenting for the Third Mission -- 4.1 Shifts in Research Policy - The Rise of the \"Third Mission\" of Public Basic Science -- 4.1.1 Historical perspective -- 4.1.2 Conceptual perspective -- 4.1.3 The regulatory perspective -- 4.1.3.1 Modes and sources of regulation -- 4.1.3.2 New Public Management as market-oriented regulation -- 4.1.4 Policy tools to create regulatory "]
[{"$nulls":4},"overlaps for the Third Mission -- 4.2 Expectations and Mission Formulation -- 4.2.1 European level -- 4.2.2 National level -- 4.2.3 Organizational level -- 4.3 Third Mission-Directed Resources -- 4.3.1 European level -- 4.3.2 National level -- 4.3.3 Organizational level."]
[{"$nulls":4},"4.4 Mission-Directed Evaluation -- 4.4.1 European level -- 4.4.2 National level -- 4.4.3 Organizational level -- 4.4.4 Properties of polycentrism -- 4.4.5 Regulatory indetermination of polycentric environments -- 4.5 Summary: Patents as a Proxy for the \"Third Mission\" -- 4.5.1 Embeddedness of patents in the governance of science -- 4.5.2 Exogenous Third-Mission regulations in the IAD framework -- 5 Empirics: Patenting Motives in Basic Science -- 5.1 Basic Science Defined by Basic Scientists -- 5.1.1 Institutional environment - Basic science as a mission -- 5.1.2 Personal motives: Individual quests for understanding -- 5.1.3 Research activities -- 5.1.4 Research results -- 5.1.5 Sources of innovation: Four dimensions of basic research -- 5.1.5.1 Patentability of basic research results -- 5.1.5.2 Sample selection in view of the research question -- 5.1.5.3 Empirical implications for theoretical models of science -- 5.2 How are Scientists Affected by Existing Patents? -- 5.2.1 Passive ignorance of patents -- 5.2.2 Assessing patent content -- 5.2.3 Active ignorance of patents -- 5.2.4 Two sides of the ignore-patents norm -- 5.3 Mental Models of Intellectual Property and the Third Mission -- 5.3.1 The traditional First Mission versus the new Third Mission -- 5.3.1.1 Summary: Mertonian disinterestedness -- 5.3.2 Mental models of patents and intellectual property -- 5.3.2.1 Sources of learning, and weak initial IP-awareness -- 5.3.2.2 Inclusive understanding of ownership -- 5.3.2.3 Open property -- 5.3.2.4 Summary: Mertonian communalism -- 5.3.3 Mertonian norms: Ideals and reality -- 5.3.3.1 Different starting conditions -- 5.3.3.2 Factors of changing norms and habits -- 5.3.4 Summary: Pragmatism about Mertonian norms -- 5.4 Resulting Motives not to Patent -- 5.4.1 Academic culture -- 5.4.2 Improving via sharing."]
[{"$nulls":4},"5.4.3 Priority for science and cost-benefit considerations -- 5.4.3.1 Summary: Reasons not to patent -- 5.5 Motives for Patenting -- 5.5.1 Private income - or not? -- 5.5.2 Protection for diffusion into application -- 5.5.2.1 Transfer to application by licensing -- 5.5.2.2 Transfer to application by creating spin-offs -- 5.5.2.3 Own translational research, before transfer to application -- 5.5.3 Access to funding -- 5.5.4 Patents used as a certificate and signal -- 5.5.5 Individual signaling -- 5.5.5.1 Certifying priority and inventiveness -- 5.5.5.2 Addressing industrial labor markets -- 5.5.5.3 Addressing the academic labor markets -- 5.5.5.4 Summary: Individual signaling -- 5.5.6 Organizational signaling -- 5.5.6.1 Meeting public expectations -- 5.5.6.2 Qualitative signaling -- 5.5.6.3 Quantitative signaling -- 5.5.7 Patenting motives: Conclusion -- 5.6 Scientific Forms of Strategic Patenting -- 5.6.1 Patenting motives between external incentives and intrinsic motivation -- 5.6.2 Patenting motives and self-determination theory in the IAD framework -- 5.6.3 Patenting strategies in science and industry -- 5.6.3.1 Comparison of academic and commercial strategies -- 5.6.3.2 Variation of patenting motives over organizational levels -- 5.7 Chapter Summary -- 6 Synthesis: Contextual Patent Functions -- 6.1 Disambiguating Legitimation, Purpose, and Function of Patents -- 6.1.1 An instrumentalist view on patents -- 6.1.2 A look back -- 6.1.2.1 A closer look: Prospect theory -- 6.1.2.2 Primary and secondary functions -- 6.1.3 Fencing a moving target: Distinguishing micro-functions and macro-purposes -- 6.1.3.1 More abstract views -- 6.1.3.2 Macro-purpose and micro-function -- 6.1.4 Summary -- 6.2 Functions as Contextual Action-Outcome Links -- 6.2.1 "]
[{"$nulls":4},"Shortcomings in the previous view -- 6.2.1.1 Legislative purpose vs. actual consequences."]
[{"$nulls":4},"6.2.1.2 Heterogeneous sources and purposes of regulation."]