LEADER 01080nam a2200289 i 4500 001 991003458329707536 005 20021217151301.0 008 961025s1990 us a 000 0 eng d 020 $a0387971629 035 $ab11812801-39ule_inst 035 $aLE00300990$9ExL 040 $aDip.to Biologia$beng 082 0 $a628.16 100 1 $aMcFeters, Gordon A.$0531260 245 10$aDrinking water microbiology :$bprogress and recent developments /$cGordon A. McFeters 260 3 $aNew York :$bSpringer,$cc1990 300 $axiv, 502 p. :$bill. ;$c23 cm 490 0 $aBrock/Springer series in contemporary bioscience 500 $aIncludes bibliographical references 650 0$aDrinking water$xAnalysis 650 0$aDrinking water$xMicrobiology 907 $a.b11812801$b27-04-17$c18-12-02 912 $a991003458329707536 945 $aLE003 628 MCF01.01 (1990)$g1$i2003000020830$lle003$o-$pE0.00$q-$rl$s- $t0$u1$v13$w1$x0$y.i1206175x$z18-12-02 996 $aDrinking water microbiology$9899150 997 $aUNISALENTO 998 $ale003$b01-01-96$cm$da $e-$feng$gus $h0$i1 LEADER 04425oam 22011174 450 001 9910786481703321 005 20230801225350.0 010 $a1-4755-1289-9 010 $a1-4755-1288-0 035 $a(CKB)2670000000278841 035 $a(EBL)1607020 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607020 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1607020 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10627062 035 $a(OCoLC)813461642 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2012247 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2012247 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000278841 100 $a20020129d2012 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aUkraine Gas Pricing Policy : $eDistributional Consequences of Tariff Increases /$fPritha Mitra, Ruben Atoyan 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2012. 215 $a1 online resource (24 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4755-1287-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Abstract; Contents; A. Introduction; B. Stylized Facts: Economic Implications of Gas Sector Subsidies; C. Theory: Implications of Higher Gas and Heating Tariffs; D. Model; E. Results; F. Conclusions; Tables; 1. Summary Statistics; 2. Determinants of Heating Demand; 3. Determinants of Gas Demand; Bibliography 330 3 $aUkraine?s gas pricing policy subsidizes gas and heating for all households. As the cost of imported gas rises, this policy increasingly weighs on government finances, sustains energy over-consumption, dampens investment in delivery systems, and undermines incentives for domestic production. However, gas price hikes have been deferred to the medium-term as they are politically unpopular. Through estimation of household demand functions by income quintiles to evaluate the distributional consequences of tarrif reform, this paper finds that tariff reforms combined with targeted social support can address the economic inefficiencies of the current pricing policy without large welfare costs to the lower income segments of the population. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2012/247 606 $aNatural gas$xPrices$zUkraine 606 $aNatural gas$xEconomic aspects$zUkraine 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aTaxation$2imf 606 $aAggregate Factor Income Distribution$2imf 606 $aTrade Policy$2imf 606 $aInternational Trade Organizations$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics: Consumption$2imf 606 $aSaving$2imf 606 $aWealth$2imf 606 $aPrice Level$2imf 606 $aInflation$2imf 606 $aDeflation$2imf 606 $aNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aIncome$2imf 606 $aTariffs$2imf 606 $aConsumption$2imf 606 $aPrice elasticity$2imf 606 $aExpenditure$2imf 606 $aNational accounts$2imf 606 $aTaxes$2imf 606 $aPrices$2imf 606 $aTariff$2imf 606 $aEconomics$2imf 606 $aExpenditures, Public$2imf 607 $aUkraine$2imf 615 0$aNatural gas$xPrices 615 0$aNatural gas$xEconomic aspects 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aTaxation 615 7$aAggregate Factor Income Distribution 615 7$aTrade Policy 615 7$aInternational Trade Organizations 615 7$aMacroeconomics: Consumption 615 7$aSaving 615 7$aWealth 615 7$aPrice Level 615 7$aInflation 615 7$aDeflation 615 7$aNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aIncome 615 7$aTariffs 615 7$aConsumption 615 7$aPrice elasticity 615 7$aExpenditure 615 7$aNational accounts 615 7$aTaxes 615 7$aPrices 615 7$aTariff 615 7$aEconomics 615 7$aExpenditures, Public 700 $aMitra$b Pritha$01574037 701 $aAtoyan$b Ruben$0855108 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910786481703321 996 $aUkraine Gas Pricing Policy$93858204 997 $aUNINA